Introduction To Chemotherapy PDF

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMOTHERAPY PREPARED BY: MS EMILY  LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of lecture, students should be able to: 1. Define anti-infective, antibiotics and antimicrobials 2. Discuss chemotherapeutic agents 3. Discuss broad classification of antibiot...

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMOTHERAPY PREPARED BY: MS EMILY  LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of lecture, students should be able to: 1. Define anti-infective, antibiotics and antimicrobials 2. Discuss chemotherapeutic agents 3. Discuss broad classification of antibiotics and mechanism of action of antibiotics 3 ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY  Anti-infective agents treat infection by suppressing or destroying the causative microorganisms (bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses) 4 ANTIBIOTICS & ANTIMICROBIALS  Anti-infective agents derived from natural substances are called Antibiotics.  Anti-infective agents produced from synthetic substances are called Antimicrobials.  These 2 terms are now used interchangeably 5 INDICATIONS  ANTI-INFECTIVE agents should be used only when: - A significant infection has been diagnosed or is strongly suspected - An established indication for prophylactic therapy exists 6 THERAPEUTIC CONCEPT OF PAUL EHRLICH  Paul Ehrlich :(German scientist) Paul Ehrlich put forward two newer concepts regarding how body destroys microorganisms (bacteria).  (a) Antibody :The logical explanation of immunity based upon certain antibodies in the blood  (b) Chemotherapy and Antibiotics 7 THERAPEUTIC CONCEPT OF PAUL EHRLICH  Example : Arsphenamine [Salvarsan] : A light yellow organo- metallic compound (powder) containing about 30% Arsenic (As), was formerly used in the treatment of syphilis. 8 DISCOVERERS & IMPORTANT EVENTS MICROORGANISM & THE PLACE OF INFECTION/DISEASE 9 10 MICROORGANISM & THE PLACE OF INFECTION/DISEASE 11 MICROORGANISM & THE PLACE OF INFECTION/DISEASE 12 CHEMOTHERAPY  Chemotherapy is defined as the treatment of specific infections with CHEMICAL AG ENTS.  It includes therapy with antibiotics and also conditions where infection is not involved (e.g.- Malignancy) 13 CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT  A chemotherapeutic agent may be Bactericidal (or) bacteriostatic.  Bactericidal – if it destroys and kills the bacteria.  Bacteriostatic- if it inhibits the growth of bacteria. 14 BACTERICIDAL & BACTERIOSTATIC 15 BROAD SPECTRUM & NARROW SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS  NARROW SPECTRUM: If an antibiotic is effective against either G ram- positive or G ram-negative bacteria  BROAD SPECTRUM: If an antibiotic is effective against both G ram- positive and G ram-negative bacteria and also against rickettsiae and Chlamydia RESISTANCE  W hen Bacterial growth remains unaffected by an antibacterial drug, Bacterial resistance is present. 16 17 18 BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS  MECHANISM OFACTION OFANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 19 20 MECHANISM OFACTION OFANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 21 THANK YOU