Introduction of industrial materials and processes.pdf

Introduction of industrial materials and processes Presented by group 1 Definition of industrial materials and processes - Industrial materials and processes are a foundational element in Industrial Engineering, focusing on understanding the characteristics and behavior of various materi...

Introduction of industrial materials and processes Presented by group 1 Definition of industrial materials and processes - Industrial materials and processes are a foundational element in Industrial Engineering, focusing on understanding the characteristics and behavior of various materials and the techniques used to transform them into finished products. Also manufacturing is the backbone of any industrialized nation HISTORY OF MATERIALS - STONE AGE (2.6 MILLION YEARS AGO - 3300 BC) This vast period saw early humans relying on stone, bone, wood, and other natural materials for tools and shelter. The Oldowan tools (around 2.6 million years ago), simple chipped stones, mark the earliest known manufacturing. The Acheulean hand axe (around 1.76 million years ago), a more refined tool, demonstrates increased skill and complexity. The Neolithic Revolution (around 10,000 BC) brought advancements in agriculture and pottery, further shaping the use of materials - COPPER AND BRONZE AGE (3300 BC - 1200 BC) The discovery of metal smelting led to the use of copper, and later, the stronger alloy bronze, for tools, weapons, and decorative items. Ötzi the Iceman (around 3300 BC), a preserved mummy, carried a copper axe, highlighting the early use of this metal. The development of bronze casting enabled the creation of intricate objects and improved tools and weapons. - IRON AGE (1200 BC - 500 AD) The advent of iron smelting techniques ushered in a new era, with iron becoming the dominant material for tools and weapons due to its strength and abundance. The Iron Pillar of Delhi (around 400 AD), a remarkable example of early corrosion-resistant iron, stands as a testament to ancient metallurgical skills. - STEEL AGE (1850S) The invention of the Bessemer process in the mid-19th century enabled the mass production of steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, revolutionizing construction, transportation, and industry. Henry Bessemer (1813-1898), whose Bessemer process transformed steel production - MODERN AGE (MID-20TH CENTURY - PRESENT) This age is characterized by the development and use of advanced materials like plastics, composites, silicon, carbon and ceramics, alongside the rise of nanotechnology and 3D printing. The invention of plastics in the early 20th century led to a vast array of new materials and applications. The development of composite materials combined the strengths of different substances to create superior materials for aerospace, automotive, and other industries. The emergence of nanotechnology enabled the manipulation of  matter at the atomic and molecular scale, opening up possibilities for new materials and devices MATERIAL AND PROCESSES: Material processes are techniques used to transform raw materials into finished products, altering their shape, properties or appearance. In the industrial, these processes are pivotal in manufacturing a vast array of goods. Primary Processes: These involve the extraction and initial refinement of raw materials from their natural state. Examples: Mining, quarrying, logging and oil extraction. Secondary Processes: These encompass the transformation of refined materials into semi-finished or finished products. Examples: Casting, molding, forging, machining, welding and heat treatment. Casting: Molten material is poured into a mold and allowed to solidify, creating complex shapes. Used for metals, plastics, and even ceramics. Machining: Material is removed from a workpiece using cutting tools to achieve a desired shape and size. Lathes, milling machines, and drills are common machining tools. Welding: Two or more pieces of material are joined together by melting and fusing them at their interface. Widely used in metal fabrication and construction. Heat Treatment: Controlled heating and cooling cycles are applied to materials to alter their properties, such as hardness, strength, and ductility. Essential for improving the performance of metals. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRODUCTION FACILITY AND ITS PROCESSES 1. Food and Beverage Processing Plants Description: These facilities are involved in transforming raw agricultural products into finished food and beverage items. Processes include cleaning, sorting, grading, processing, packaging, and labeling. Examples: Universal Robina Corporation (URC): Produces snacks, candies, beverages and other food products. San Miguel Corporation (SMC): Produces beer, liquor and other food and beverage items. Century Pacific Food, Inc.: Produces canned tuna, sardines and other seafood products. 2. Electronics Assembly Plants Description: These facilities focus on assembling electronic components and products, often involving surface mount technology (SMT) and other precision manufacturing processes. Examples: Texas Instruments Philippines, Inc. Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc. (IMI) Amkor Technology Philippines, Inc. 3. Garment and Textile Factories Description: These facilities are responsible for producing clothing, apparel, and textiles. Processes may include cutting, sewing, knitting, weaving, dyeing, and finishing. Examples: Golden ABC, Inc. (Penshoppe, Oxygen, Memo, ForMe) Hanesbrands Philippines, Inc. Trimark Holdings, Inc. 4. Automotive Assembly Plants Description: These facilities assemble vehicles from components and parts, often involving welding, painting, and final assembly lines. Examples: Toyota Motor Philippines Corporation Mitsubishi Motors Philippines Corporation Isuzu Philippines Corporation 5. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants Description: These facilities produce medicines and other pharmaceutical products, often involving complex chemical processes and stringent quality control measures. Examples: Unilab, Inc. Pfizer Philippines, Inc. GlaxoSmithKline Philippines, Inc.