Dental Medicine Lecture Notes (Introduction II)

Faculty Of Dental Medicine Lecture: (Introduction II) Ass. Prof (Fatma Adel Saad) Oral biology department  Overview of the dentitions *The Dentitions 1-Tooth types 2-Dentition periods 3-Function of teeth *Teeth Coding (Numbering systems) *Dental anatomy terminology 1-General...

Faculty Of Dental Medicine Lecture: (Introduction II) Ass. Prof (Fatma Adel Saad) Oral biology department  Overview of the dentitions *The Dentitions 1-Tooth types 2-Dentition periods 3-Function of teeth *Teeth Coding (Numbering systems) *Dental anatomy terminology 1-General dental terms 2-Tooth anatomy terms 3-Tooth orientational terms  There are 4 Quadrants in the oral cavity. Maxilla Maxillary RT Quadrant Maxillary LF Quadrant Mandibular RT Quadrant Mandibular LF Quadrant Mandibular  The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline. Upper right Upper left 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower right Lower left 1 permanent central incisor 2 permanent lateral incisor 6 first permanent molar 3 permanent canine 7 second permanent molar 4 first premolar 8 third permanent molar 5 second premolar The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline. Upper right Upper left E D C B A A B C D E E D C B A A B C D E Lower right Lower left A deciduous central incisor B deciduous lateral incisor C deciduous canine D deciduous first molar E deciduous second molar  Teeth coding (numbering) systems 1) Palmer Notation System  (sign & number/letter) 2) The international numbering system (The two digits system)  (two numbers) 3) The universal numbering system (American numbering system)  (sign & number/ letter/d number)  Code Arch Side Dentition Tooth Upper right deciduous canine  1- Palmer Notation System The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline. Upper right Upper left 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower right Lower left 3 Upper left permanent canine 8 Upper right third molar 5 Lower left second premolar 1 Lower right permanent central incisor The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline. Upper right Upper left E D C B A A B C D E E D C B A A B C D E Lower right Lower left B Upper left deciduous D Upper right first deciduous lateral incisor molar Lower right second C Lower left deciduous canine E deciduous molar  Palmer Notation System For permanent teeth Right Left 1 1 2 3 3 2 1-8 8-1 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 7 6 8-1 5 1-8 4 3 1 2 Palmer Notation System For deciduous teeth A B C E-A D A-E E E-A A-E Right Left  2- The international numbering system (The two digits system) The teeth are coded by using a number formed of two digits ****The two digits should be pronounced separately. 55 Second right digit = tooth number first left digit = quadrant a. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number & indicates the quadrant. In the permanent dentition. In the deciduous dentition. U.R. 1 2 U.L. U.R. 5 6 U.L. L.R. 4 3 L. L. L.R. 8 7 L.L. b. The second digit is located at the right side of the number and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant. ****The two digits should be pronounced separately.  For Permanent teeth 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 15 Upper right second premolar 33 Lower left permanent canine For Deciduous teeth 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65 85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75 55 Upper right second 72 Lower left lateral deciduous deciduous molar incisor  For permanent Teeth First Digit = quadrant 12 11 21 22 13 14 23 24 Second Digit = 15 25 16 26 tooth number 17 27 18 28 38 48 1 2 47 37 46 36 4 3 45 44 34 35 43 42 32 33 41 31  For deciduous Teeth 51 61 52 62 53 63 54 64 First Digit = quadrant Second Digit = tooth number 55 5 6 65 8 7 6 85 75 5 84 74 8 7 83 73 82 81 71 72  3-The universal numbering system (American numbering system Tooth number/letter is always preceded by the sign ( # ) in the universal system. Permanent teeth (1 – 32) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 #28 Lower right first premolar #16 Upper left third molar  For Deciduous teeth (1 – 20) The number is preceded by d # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 (A - T) The letter is preceded by # only A B C D E F G H I J T S R Q P O N M L K d# 14 Lower left deciduous lateral #B Upper right deciduous incisor first molar  Universal system for Permanent Teeth  Universal System for Primary Teeth Sample of questions with model answers 1-Using the universal system, tooth # 5 is which of the following: a- Left mandibular 1st premolar. b- Right maxillary 1st premolar. c- Primary right maxillary canine. d- Right mandibular 1st premolar.  1- Tooth Anatomy Terms Macro-anatomy Microanatomy Anatomical and clinical crown.  Macro-anatomy Each tooth has three anatomical parts: I.Crown II.The Neck (cervix): cervical line II.Root (s)  Microanatomy Enamel Dentin Pulp Cementum Posterior tooth Anterior tooth  The pulp cavity consists of: Pulp horns a- Pulp chamber: it is the portion of the Pulp chamber pulp occupying the crown. Pulp canals (root canals) b- Pulp horn(s): they are projections in the roof of the pulp chamber. c- Pulp canal(s) or root canal(s): they are the portion of the pulp occupying the root.  Microanatomy Enamel Dentin Pulp Cementum Three calcified hard tissues: Enamel: it is the hardest tissue in human body that covers the anatomical crown. Dentin: it forms the main bulk of the tooth. Cementum: it is a bony like tissue that covers the root. & One soft tissue, Pulp: it is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves. It is the sensory system of the tooth.  Anatomical and clinical crown Anatomical crown Clinical crown  Anatomical and clinical crown Anatomical crown: The part of the tooth covered by enamel. It is constant in length. Clinical crown: Is the part of a tooth that is visible in the oral cavity above the gum line. It may change in length throughout life. Clinical Anatomical Clinical crown crown crown Clinical < Anatomical Clinical = Anatomical Clinical > Anatomical  Anatomical and clinical crown. Anatomical Clinical Crown Crown *Normally, the clinical crown is slightly shorter than the anatomical crown. Clinlical crown may include all of the anatomical crown and part of the root. Part of the anatomical crown may be covered by gingiva.  2-General Dental Terms *Crypt: It is the bony space in the jaw containing the developing un-erupted tooth. *Socket or Alveolus: It is the bony space in the jaw containing the roots of the erupted tooth. Socket Socket Socket  *Contact area It is that area on the proximal surface of the tooth which touches the proximal surface of the adjacent tooth.  Teeth may be divided according to number of roots into: Single rooted teeth Multirooted teeth (2 or 3 roots) - Upper and lower anterior teeth. - lower premolars. - Upper premolars (may 2 roots) - Lower molars have 2 roots. - Upper molars have 3 roots.  Overview of the dentitions *The Dentitions 1-Tooth types 2-Dentition periods 3-Function of teeth *Teeth Coding (Numbering systems) *Dental anatomy terminology 1-General dental terms 2-Tooth anatomy terms 3-Tooth orientational terms 3-Tooth Orientational Terms: Each Tooth Has Five Surfaces Like A Box With 4 Sides And A Roof.  LABIAL OR BUCCAL Towards the Towards the lip cheek FOR POSTERIOR TEETH ANTERIOR TEETH PALATAL OR LINGUAL towards the towards the palate tongue  MIDLINE M M D D MESIAL towards OR DISTAL away from the midline the midline  INCISAL OR OCCLUSAL For anterior teeth For posterior teeth  Line angle: Meeting of two surfaces Point angles: Meeting of three surfaces  Line angle: Meeting of two surfaces Point angles: Meeting of three surfaces To determine a specific area of the crown. Line and point angles Line Point angle angle  8 line angles in posterior teeth Occ Occ 1-Mesiobuccal line angle B M L M 2-Mesiolingual line angle 3-Distobuccal line angle Occ Occ 4- Distolingual line angle D B D L  8 line angles in posterior teeth 5-Occluso-buccal line angle Occ B M 6-Occluso-mesial line angle 7-Occluso-lingual line angle Occ 8- Occluso-distal line angle D D L  6 line angles in anterior teeth 1- Mesiolabial line angle 2-Mesiolingual line angle BB M 3-Distolabial line angle M D L 4- Distolingual line angle B L B 5-Inciso-labial line angle B 6-Inciso-lingual line angle M D L Note: The anterior teeth have fewer line angles because the meeting of the mesial and distal surfaces with incisal ridge is rounded , so the mesio-incisal and disto-incisal line angles practically do not exist.  4 point angles in anterior teeth B Inciso-Mesio-labial point angle Inciso-Mesio-lingual point angle M D Inciso-Disto-labial point angle Inciso- Disto-lingual point angle L 4 point angles in posterior teeth B Occluso- Mesio-buccal point angle Occluso -Mesio-lingual point angle D M B Occluso-Disto-buccal point angle Occluso- Disto-lingual point angle L Incisal Incisolabial line angle Edge Inciso-mesio-labial point angle Line And Point Angles Of The Anterior Teeth  Occluso-buccal line angle Occluso-mesio-lingual point angle Line And Point Angles Of The Posterior Teeth Labio-mesial L. A. Labio-distal L. A. Lingo-mesial L. A. Lingo-distal L. A.  Bucco-mesial L. A. Bucco-distal L. A. Lingo-distal L. A. Lingo-mesial L. A.  Division into thirds Incisal &occlusal Middle Buccal Lingual Distal Mesial Middle Middle Cervical  Middle Mesial Distal Lingual Middle Buccal Cervical Middle Apical Distal half Mesial half Lingual half Buccal half Division into thirds Anterior teeth Posterior teeth Sample of questions with model answers 1- All of the following are line angles except: a- Disto-occlusal. b- Mesio-distal. c- Mesio-buccal. d- Bucco-occlusal. 2- The buccal surfaces of posterior teeth are that surfaces facing: a- The cheek. b- The palate. c- The lips. d- The tongue. 3- The developing tooth present in a bony space, that is called……. (crypt). 4- The point angle is formed by the junction of two opposing surfaces. (×) Line angle. 5- The anatomical crown is that part of the tooth that appeared in the oral cavity. (×) that is covered by enamel.