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Introduction CN (3) - Read-Only (2).pdf

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Lec 1 so 4186 WWI ‫‪aim‬‬ ‫يتم تقليل التغييرات التي تحدث تحدث عن طريق ا'ستجابات‬ ‫الفسيولوجية التعويضية‬ aGmÑ https://youtu.be/14SQT97EE4c?si=f_l51Xry- sEtw4sd aol.ws ‫‪an‬‬ ‫‪odd‬‬...

Lec 1 so 4186 WWI ‫‪aim‬‬ ‫يتم تقليل التغييرات التي تحدث تحدث عن طريق ا'ستجابات‬ ‫الفسيولوجية التعويضية‬ aGmÑ https://youtu.be/14SQT97EE4c?si=f_l51Xry- sEtw4sd aol.ws ‫‪an‬‬ ‫‪odd‬‬ ‫‪ill‬‬ ‫ا‪2‬ستخرجات الغدة العرقية العرق‬ ‫من الدم ويمرها القناة على‬ ‫سطح الجلد حيث يتبخر‬ 94145 a MIZE in swim immi 041 https://youtu.be/Iz0Q9nTZCw4? si=GgSnHIgReUX8v7_6 as a low https://youtu.be/iKusxCtH62c? si=AOOWurWmTXzDWu4w aim 5 1 is in Lee 2 https://youtu.be/v3BTWpNTyLU?si=MLKo0T-fa_uyAsjj WWI IN that Direction:** Endocytosis brings substances into the cell, while exocytosis moves substances out of the cell. - **Function:** Endocytosis is mainly for intake (nutrients, signaling molecules), while exocytosis is for secretion (waste, neurotransmitters, enzymes). 61 I 4411611 961 https://youtu.be/xweYA-IJTqs?si=5Nvu89a0acgM2LSt Ñ H1N1 if I b b ill aus email was AH aww xD's own as mis a I 41421 a Jib ma in l im 1 IN amo I S out I m I N MI I I so Fees not important The **sympathetic** and **parasympathetic** nervous systems are two branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. They generally have opposite effects on the body: ### **Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)** - **Primary Function:** The SNS is often referred to as the "fight or flight" system. It prepares the body to respond to stressful or emergency situations. - **Effects on the Body:** - **Increases heart rate and blood pressure.** - **Dilates pupils** to improve vision. - **Relaxes airways** to improve breathing. - **Inhibits digestion** (decreases activity in the stomach and intestines). - **Releases glucose** from the liver for quick energy. - **Increases blood flow to muscles** while reducing it to non-essential organs. ### **Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)** - **Primary Function:** The PNS is often referred to as the "rest and digest" system. It helps the body conserve energy and promotes maintenance activities during calm states. - **Effects on the Body:** - **Decreases heart rate and blood pressure.** - **Constricts pupils.** - **Stimulates digestion** by increasing activity in the stomach and intestines. - **Promotes gland secretion**, such as saliva. - **Conserves energy** by reducing the body's demand for oxygen and nutrients. - **Promotes relaxation** and recovery. ### Summary - **Sympathetic Nervous System:** Activates the body for action, preparing it to handle stressful situations. - **Parasympathetic Nervous System:** Calms the body down, promoting relaxation and conservation of energy. These two systems work in tandem to maintain homeostasis, or balance, in the body's functions.

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nervous system physiology biological functions human body
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