Intro to Criminal Justice Vocabulary Part 2.pptx

Search In Katz v. United States (1967), the Supreme Court defined a search as any government intrusion into something in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy. Arrest Taking a person into custody for the purpose of charging the person with a crime Acquit In a criminal case to fi...

Search In Katz v. United States (1967), the Supreme Court defined a search as any government intrusion into something in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy. Arrest Taking a person into custody for the purpose of charging the person with a crime Acquit In a criminal case to find a defendant not guilty Arrestee The person arrested Deterrence The idea that fear of punishment will prevent crimes. For example, some people might be deterred from robbing banks because they know that bank robbers go to jail. After Care A program for supervising a juvenile who has returned after a period of confinement Parens Patriae Latin for “parents of the country” The idea that the state takes the role of parents to protect juvenile Probation An alternative to prison. This sentence requires the offender to follow certain conditions, usually under the supervision of a probation officer Defendant The accused in a criminal trial Dispositional Hearing The term for sentence hearing in juvenile court Pardon An act by the governor or president that forgives all or part of a prisoners sentence Booking The process of recording the arrest. A booking officer records the accused's name and address, the charges, and time and place of arrest and may take fingerprints and photographs of the accused Arraignment A court hearing in which the defendant must enter a plea. Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Adjudicatory Hearing A trial in juvenile court Writ of Habeas Corpus A court order requiring authorities to release a prisoner because he court has found that prisoner is being illegally detained. Case in Chief One side’s trial evidence. In a criminal trial,the prosecution presents its evidence first. After it rests its case, the defense presents its case. Parole Board A board appointed by the governor that determines when prisoners may be released on parole. Fitness Hearing Special hearing in Juvenile Court to determine whether a juvenile should be tried in adult court Rehabilitation Helping convicted offenders change their behaviors so they can lead productive lives in society Age of Majority The age a person is considered an adult for legal purposes Determinate Sentence A prison sentence for a specific length of time, for example “five years.” Penitentiary A state or federal max-security prison. Incorrigible A term describing juveniles who cannot be controlled by their parents. Bail A pre-trial procedure permitting an arrestee to stay out of jail by depositing a set amount of money as a security that the arrestee will show up for trial Due Process Under the fifth and fourteenth amendments, the basic requirement that no person may be deprived of life, or property without fair procedures. Cross Examination The questioning of the opponent’s witnesses Prosecutorial Discretion The prosecutor’s authority to decide what charges to bring and how to pursue a criminal case. Testimony Statements made by a witness under oath. Victimless Crimes Crimes, such as prostitution and possession of illegal drugs, in which everyone is involved by choice. Status Offense An offense such as truancy and running away from home, that would not be a crime if committed by an adult. Direct Examination An attorney’s initial questioning of his or her own witness. Recidivism The committing of future crimes by offenders with previous convictions. Plaintiff The party in a lawsuit who sues the other party. Criminology The study of crime. Fact Finder The one responsible for deciding the facts of a particular case and coming to a verdict;either a judge or jury. Relevant Pertinent, appropriate, related to the subject at hand. Testify To make statements as a witness under oath. Incarceration Rate The number of prisoners per 100,000 population. Jurisdiction The geographical area or subject matter over which particular courts or law enforcement agencies have power. Evidence The means of determining facts in a trial. Parole The conditional release of a prisoner before the end of a prison term. Burden of Proof The responsibility of proving facts in a case. In a criminal trial, the prosecution has the burden of proving its case beyond a reasonable doubt. Delinquent An act which if done by an adult would be a crime. Indeterminate Sentence A prison sentence of an indefinite period of time for example, from one year to 30 years under this sentence, prisoners are released when the parole board determines they are rehabilitated. Bench A judge’s desk in the courtroom. Bench Trial A trial conducted without a jury.