Internet Basics PDF

Here are some basic internet-related terminologies: 1. Internet: A global network of interconnected computers that communicate via standard protocols (e.g., TCP/IP) to share data and resources. 2. Web Browser: A software application used to access and view websites on the internet (...

Here are some basic internet-related terminologies: 1. Internet: A global network of interconnected computers that communicate via standard protocols (e.g., TCP/IP) to share data and resources. 2. Web Browser: A software application used to access and view websites on the internet (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox). 3. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The address used to access a specific web page or resource on the internet (e.g., https://www.example.com). 4. IP Address (Internet Protocol Address): A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to the internet, which allows it to communicate with other devices. 5. Domain Name: The human-readable address of a website (e.g., "example.com"), which is translated into an IP address by a Domain Name System (DNS). 6. HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure): Protocols used for transferring data over the web. HTTPS is the secure version, which encrypts the data. 7. Server: A computer or system that provides resources, data, or services to other computers, known as clients, over a network. 8. Client: A computer or software that requests resources or services from a server. 9. DNS (Domain Name System): The system that translates domain names into IP addresses so that browsers can load internet resources. 10. Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time, usually measured in Mbps (megabits per second). 11. Cookies: Small pieces of data stored on a user's computer by a web browser to remember information about the user, like login status or preferences. 12. Firewall: A network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules. 13. VPN (Virtual Private Network): A service that encrypts your internet connection and hides your IP address, providing online privacy and security. 14. Cloud Computing: The delivery of computing services (e.g., storage, processing) over the internet rather than through local servers or personal devices. 15. Router: A device that forwards data packets between computer networks, directing the traffic on the internet. 16. Wi-Fi: A technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed internet and network connections. What is the Internet? The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much more. How does the Internet work? How Does the Internet Work with Diagrams? From opening a web browser to visiting a website, it all happens with specific methods that we’re going to check in these 5 easy steps. Internet Working Metrics 1. Firstly, you’ll be required to connect your system or PC with any router or modem to establish a connection. This connection is the base of the internet connection. 2. When you open the browser and start typing something like “www.google.com”, your system will push a query command to your ISP (Internet Service Provider) that is connected with other servers that store and process data. 3. Now, the web browser will start indexing the URL that you’ve entered and will fetch the details in numeric format (in their language to identify the address (unique) that you’re trying to reach. 4. Next, now your browser will start sending the HTTP request where you’re trying to reach and send a copy of the website on the user’s system. Note: The server will send data in the form of small packets (from the website to the browser) 5. Once all the data (of small packets) is received at the user’s end (PC/Laptop), the browser will start arranging all those small packets and later will form a collective file (here, the browser will gather all the small packets and rearrange them just like a puzzle) and then you’ll be able to see the contents of that website Question: What is the Internet? Answer: A global system of interconnected computers, using a standardised Internet Protocol suite for communication and sharing information is called the Internet. Question: What is ISP? Answer: ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. This helps in providing direct access for using the internet from your office or home, connected through landlines. With the introduction of Wi-fi and broadband, connecting to the Internet has become wireless. Question: What is the World Wide Web? Answer: World Wide Web or ‘www’ is a collection of webpages which can easily be published on the Internet and read by millions of its users. Question: What is an IP address? Answer: The Internet Protocol address is a numerical identification code assigned for any device connected to a network. It acts as an identification interface for Internet users. Question: What is a Web Browser? Answer: A web browser is a software application for accessing the information on the World Wide Web. The commonly used web browsers include Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc. Pros of Internet Easy Access to Information – Information on anything and everything are available online. The Internet makes it convenient to learn about new things at any point in time and get details on various subjects, irrespective of time and place Platform for Online Education – With the advanced technology, even students and adults wish to learn new things and gaining knowledge at various online portals has become more accessible Job Hunting – Employers can look for employees on the internet and the job seekers can apply online for jobs using the Internet Platform to become an Entrepreneur – Today, thousands of people have started their own websites and getting good business and users/customers by making their own websites and selling products or services. This has become accessible due to Internet connectivity Visual and Graphical Representation of Things – Various researches have shown that a person tends to get more engaged with a graphical representation of things. Internet has made this facility also convenient for both user and creator Reduced the parameter of Distance – Social media has reduced the distance between people as communication has become much easier because of Internet connection With the Internet being an extremely essential part of daily life, it is important that a person is well aware of the disadvantages of the Internet and its excess usage. Cons of Internet Dependency – The dependency of people for looking things and information online has increased massively since the introduction of Internet and its easy access Cyber Crime – People do not just use internet for learning purposes, cybercrime has also been at a distinctive high because of effortless availability of resources Distraction – People can easily find online games, interesting information, etc. online which may be a cause of distraction for may Bullying and Trolls – Online platforms are being used for unethical practises like bullying people and trolling them World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW), often called the Web, is a system of interconnected webpages and information that you can access using the Internet. It was created to help people share and find information easily, using links that connect different pages together. The Web allows us to browse websites, watch videos, shop online, and connect with others around the world through our computers and phones. The WWW was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, and it revolutionized how information is accessed and shared on the internet Intranet An intranet is a private network that is used within an organization to securely share company information, resources, and services among employees. It functions similarly to the internet but is restricted to authorized users within the organization. Purpose A secure network for internal communications and collaboration Features Store and organize policies, guidelines, and standard operating procedures; create profiles, submit, like, comment, and share posts Benefits Improved communication between leadership and employees, increased alignment between cross-functional teams How it A web-connected site on a network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or wide area works network (WAN) Intranets are similar to the internet, but are restricted to a subset of users, such as employees and critical organization stakeholders Extranets An extranet is a private network similar to an intranet, but typically open to external parties, such as business partners, suppliers, key customers, etc. The main purpose of an extranet is to allow users to exchange data and applications, and share information. An extranet is useful for companies that need to securely collaborate with external entities while keeping their internal networks and data protected. It helps bridge the gap between an organization's intranet and the internet. Top Applications of Internet Here are the top 10 applications of Internet are: 1. Communication 2. Web Browsing 3. Online Shopping 4. Real-Time Update 5. Social Media 6. Job Search 7. Education 8. Travel 9. Stock Market Update 10. Video Conferencing INTERNET ETHICS Internet ethics refers to the guidelines and principles that govern how individuals and organizations use technology responsibly and ethically. These guidelines include: Respecting privacy: Do not access other users' files without permission, and respect the privacy of others. Respecting copyright: Do not copy copyrighted software without the author's permission, and respect copyright laws and policies. Being considerate: Treat others with respect, and be courteous while communicating online. Being responsible: Safeguard your user ID and password, and don't write them down. Being aware of the impact: Understand the impact of technology, and recognize that the internet is a primary component of society. Being sensitive to diversity: Be accommodating of the diverse ways people use the internet, and consider national and local cultures. Reporting illegal activity: If you find illegal communication or activities, report them to your internet service provider and local law enforcement