International Art Movements PDF

ART MOVEMENTS - INTERNATIONAL Art movements are cultural and artistic movements which involve groups of artists who share a common philosophy or style. Renaissance (14th–17th centuries): Originating in Italy, the Renaissance marked a revival of interest in classical art, literature, and learning....

ART MOVEMENTS - INTERNATIONAL Art movements are cultural and artistic movements which involve groups of artists who share a common philosophy or style. Renaissance (14th–17th centuries): Originating in Italy, the Renaissance marked a revival of interest in classical art, literature, and learning. It had a profound impact on painting, sculpture, and architecture.  Leonardo da Vinci - "Mona Lisa" (c. 1503–1506): This portrait is an iconic example of Renaissance art, showcasing da Vinci's mastery of sfumato (smoky effect) and his attention to detail.  Michelangelo - "The Creation of Adam" (c. 1508–1512): Part of the Sistine Chapel ceiling, this fresco depicts the Biblical creation of Adam and is a masterpiece of High Renaissance art. Baroque (17th–18th centuries): Characterized by dramatic and emotional art, the Baroque movement emerged in response to the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It is known for its ornate details, intense lighting, and grandeur.  Rembrandt - "The Night Watch" (1642): This group portrait is a prime example of Baroque art, with Rembrandt's use of light and shadow and dynamic composition.  Caravaggio - "The Calling of Saint Matthew" (1599–1600): Caravaggio's dramatic use of light and shadow, known as chiaroscuro, is evident in this painting that depicts the moment when Jesus calls Matthew to be his disciple. Girl with a Pearl Earring - Painting by Johannes Vermeer Neoclassicism (18th–19th centuries): Inspired by classical Greek and Roman art, Neoclassicism sought to revive the ideals of ancient art. It is characterized by simplicity, order, and a focus on classical themes.  Jacques-Louis David - "Oath of the Horatii" (1784): David's painting is a Neoclassical masterpiece that depicts a dramatic scene from Roman history, emphasizing patriotism and sacrifice. Romanticism (late 18th–mid 19th centuries): Reacting against the rationalism of the Enlightenment, Romanticism emphasized emotion, nature, and the sublime. Artists sought to express individuality and explore the mysteries of the human psyche. Eugène Delacroix - "Liberty Leading the People" (1830): This powerful painting symbolizes the July Revolution in France, portraying Liberty as the central figure leading a diverse group of people. Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, oil painting by Caspar David Friedrich, 1818. Realism (mid 19th century): Realism emerged as a reaction against the idealized depictions of Romanticism. Artists aimed to portray everyday life and social issues with accuracy and truthfulness. Gustave Courbet - "The Stone Breakers" (1849): Courbet's painting is a poignant portrayal of the harsh realities of rural life, reflecting the Realist commitment to depicting everyday subjects. Impressionism (late 19th century): Impressionism focused on capturing the fleeting effects of light and color. Artists such as Claude Monet and Edgar Degas broke away from traditional techniques, opting for loose brushstrokes and innovative compositions. A Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat, Claude Monet - "Impression, Sunrise" (1872): This painting gave the Impressionist movement its name and is a key example of the movement's focus on capturing light and atmosphere. Post-Impressionism (late 19th–early 20th centuries) Building on the innovations of Impressionism, Post-Impressionist artists, including Vincent van Gogh and Paul Cézanne, explored new ways of expressing emotion and form. Vincent van Gogh - "Starry Night" (1889): Van Gogh's swirling, expressive brushstrokes and vibrant colors in this night sky have made "Starry Night" an iconic Post- Impressionist work.  Cubism (early 20th century): Developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, Cubism is characterized by the fragmentation and reassembly of forms into geometric shapes. It marked a significant departure from traditional artistic representation. Pablo Picasso - Weeping woman, 1937 Guernica - Pablo Picasso Surrealism (1920s–1930s): Surrealism explored the irrational and unconscious aspects of the human mind. Artists like Salvador Dalí and René Magritte created dreamlike and fantastical images. Salvador Dalí - "The Persistence of Memory" (1931): Dalí's melting clocks in this surreal landscape have become synonymous with the Surrealist movement. Abstract Expressionism (1940s– 1950s): Emerging in the United States, Abstract Expressionism emphasized spontaneous, gestural painting. Artists like Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning played pivotal roles in this movement. Jackson Pollock - "No. 5, 1948" (1948): Pollock's drip painting technique is exemplified in this work, which represents the spontaneity and energy of Abstract Expressionism. Pop Art (1950s–1960s): Drawing inspiration from popular culture and consumerism, Pop Art, with artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein, embraced mass media imagery and techniques. Andy Warhol - "Marilyn Diptych" (1962): Warhol's iconic work featuring multiple images of Marilyn Monroe is a quintessential example of Pop Art's use of popular culture imagery.  Art Deco Emerging in France before the First World War, Art Deco exploded in 1925 on the occasion of the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs (Exhibition of Decorative Arts). Blurring the line between different mediums and fields, from architecture and furniture to clothing and jewelry, Art Deco merged modern aesthetic with skillful craftsmanship, advanced technology, and elegant materials. Young Lady With Gloves Artist, Tamara de Lempicka  Art Nouveau A decorative style that flourished between 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the U.S. Art Nouveau, also called Jugendstil (Germany) and Sezessionstil (Austria), is characterized by sinuous, asymmetrical lines based on organic forms. Although it influenced painting and sculpture, its chief manifestations were in architecture and the decorative and graphic arts, aiming to create a new style, free of the imitative historicism that dominated much of 19th- century art movements and The Kiss by Gustav Klimt design. Expressionism Expressionism is an international artistic movement in art, architecture, literature, and performance that flourished between 1905 and 1920, especially in Germany and Austria, that sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. Conventions of the expressionist style include distortion, exaggeration, fantasy, and vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of color in order to express the artist’s inner feelings or ideas. Self-Portrait with Chinese Lantern by Egon Schiele, The Scream -Edvard Munch Edvard Munch’s The Scream may be the most iconic human figure in the history of Western art. ART MOVEMENTS - INDIAN Art movements are cultural and artistic movements which involve groups of artists who share a common philosophy or style.  Indus Valley Civilisation Art Stone Sculptures Bronze Casting Terracotta Priest-King Dancing Girl Mother Goddess  Mauryan Art Akshoka Pillar Lion Capital, Sarnath Yakshas and Yakshinis  Gupta Art Krishna Killing the Horse Demon Keshi Ajanta and Ellora Cave Indo - Islamic Art calligraphy patterns, geometric patterns figural representation Medieval Hindu and Jain Art Jain Menuscript Mughal Miniature Painting British coloniel Architecture Influence  CONTEMPORARY AND MODERN INDIAN ART Indian contemporary painting is Bindu SH Raza a painting by Sanya Kumari Self Portrait – Amrita Sher-Gil This is a 1931 self-portrait by Amrita Sher-Gil, depicting one of India’s most important modern artists at the age of 18. Bharat Mata – Abanindranath Tagore One of the most iconic paintings of Abanindranath Tagore (the founder of the Bengal School of Art). Bharat Mata depicts a saffron clad woman, dressed like a sadhvi, holding a book, paddy leaves , a piece of white cloth and a garland in her four hands. Shakuntala – Raja Ravi Verma Shakuntala is an epic painting by Raja Ravi Varma, depicts Shakuntala, an important character of Mahabharata, pretending to remove a thorn from her foot, while actually looking for her husband/lover. Bapuji – Nandalal Bose Legendary Nandalal Bose, Padma Vibhushan awarded had stated that Bapu was an inspiration for all artists. Mahishasura – Tyeb Mehta The most important work by India’s finest contemporary artist, Tyeb Mehta’s Mahishasura – a reinterpretation of the tale of the demon by the same name – was the first Indian painting to be selled at million dollars. Mehta fuses ancient imagery with simplicity of form, colour and line, resulting in a powerfully modern work full. Self-Portrait – Rabindranath Tagore Nobel prize winner Rabindranath Tagore started painting in 1924 at the age of 63. He made thousands of sketches and drawings using brush, pencil and pen, the most famous of them being his self- portrait. This painting depicts the full-face, self-portrait of the bearded artist, enhanced by the lack of colour, unworked background and the use of primitive looking pencil lines. Three Pujarins – Jamini Roy Jamini Roy, the Bengali artist who is early modernists artist of twentieth century Indian art, created a masterpiece when he painted three almond-eyed pujarins. Inspired by the folk art tradition of Bengal, Roy experimented with vibrant colours and developed his own individual style of painting that resulted in artwork. Horses – M F Husain Early in his painting career, and until his death, Maqbool Fida Husain, enjoyed depicting the lively and free spirit of horses in many of his works. Krishna (Spring in Kullu) – Nicholas Roerich Spring in Kullu) where Krishna playing the flute under a tree in blossom with majestic snow covered mountains in the backdrop. Tamil Girls with Her Parrots – S Elayaraja In the painting, the girl is seen sitting with her parrots and smiling subtly into the frame with a knowing look in her eyes. Photo- real painting gives life into every detail, from the folds of the girl’s dress to the shining gold-threaded patterns and borders of her skirt, the pretty parrots perched on the window sill behind her, the brown wooden frame behind her and the cemented floor. Artists showcases the deep bond with his cultural background, growing up in a temple town in Tamil Nadu. Glow of Hope – S L Haldankar This watercolour masterpiece, popularly known as Lady with the Lamp or Glow of Hope has been a star attraction. The sensitivity, simplicity, soft and subtle colours used as well as the realistic depiction of the light reflecting from the fingers, has made this painting a highly- regarded work. Thankyou!!!