Intelligence PDF

​ Intelligence: How we derive info- Learn from experience- solve problems- use knowledge -​ Or it is whatever the test measures Reification: fallacy of treating something abstracts as it is a real thing Sir francis galton: -​ Differences are quantifiable -​ Normal distribution...

​ Intelligence: How we derive info- Learn from experience- solve problems- use knowledge -​ Or it is whatever the test measures Reification: fallacy of treating something abstracts as it is a real thing Sir francis galton: -​ Differences are quantifiable -​ Normal distribution -​ Objective test can measure -​ Correlations -​ Eugenics are heritable Nature vs nurture=Fixed mindset vs growth mindset Fixed: what they were born with. -​ Can’t do it. Do think your smart enough Growth: intelligence is what you can improve on. You can get smarter Spearman: g factor: general intelligence- 1 underline intelligence for all of our skills (controversial) Terman: creates an IQ score. Give army people a score to determine what jobs they get Ratio IQ: iq= ma(mental age) / ca(current age) x 100 David wechsler: different IQ study -​ Test are different. -​ 1. Verbal and nonverbal subtest -​ Wals for adults -​ Wsch for kids -​ Both create deviation iq -​ Relative standing with population your age Type of intelligence 1.​ Linguistics: vocabulary and reading comprehension 2.​ Logical- mathematical: arithmetic skill and reasoning 3.​ Spatial: visualize relationships in environment 4.​ Musical: rhythm, tempo, and sound identification 5.​ Bodily-kinesthetic: dancing, athletics, eye-hand coordination 6.​ Intrapersonal: self-understanding 7.​ Interpersonal: ability to understand and interact with others (social cues) 8.​ Naturalist: see patterns in nature 9.​ Emotional intelligence????? Daniel Tammet: weird, odd child, very good memory like thousands digits of pie. -​ Sees the world different than other people -​ He has synesthesia Emotional intelligence: perceive emotion in faces, music, and stories -​ Understand emotions and how they change -​ Manage emotions by knowing how to expresses themselves in a variety ways -​ Be adaptive and be creative in a variety of settings Marshmallow study: wait 5 mins to add another marshmallow. To see what the kids will do -​ Kids who ate the marshmallow tended to be in trouble a lot more. -​ Kids who didn't tend to be better behaved and success ​ G factor is true ​ Multiple intelligence has no scientific proof that it is real Robert sternberg: Triarchic theory: 1.​ Analytical intelligence 2.​ Creative intelligence Achievement test: how much you know about phycology Human Development: Taragedend: a toxic, virus, drugs, stress Maturation: biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience Assimilate: interpret in terms of current schema Accommodate: adjust schema to fit new experiences Piaget: believes cognitive development = maturation Stages: spurts of change are followed by stability Sensorimotor stage( birth - nearly 2 yrs) -​ Babies live in the present and experience with senses Preoperational stage: (preschool - 6/7 yrs) -​ Struggle with mental operations -​ Lack of conservation: don't understand in volume and numbers. Pretend play: ability to recognize symbols. Symbolic gestures Egocentrism: difficulty of preserving other people thoughts and feelings other than your own -​ leads to a lot of abuse Animism: inanimate objects are ALIVE; have intentions and feelings Theory of mind: ability to predicts people's emotions and feelings other than your own -​ People with autism struggle with theory of mind Lev vygotsky:cognitive development is a result of focused on the social world -​ Cognitive abilities are direct results of our culture, interactions with people -​ Child minds grows from interactions with others -​ A child's mind grows from interaction with other minds The wild boy of aveyron: boy raised by wolves Socio-cultural theory: the idea that we are more a product of genetics Talking to self: age of 7 to keep things to yourself Language: Phoneme: smallest distinctive sound that you make -​ When you change a phoneme, you change the meaning -​ 40 Morpheme: smallest unit that carries meaning -​ Prefix, suffix, words all add meaning -​ 100,000 Grammar: system of rules with how we string morphones together in order to make sounds -​ Semantics: were we get meaning from morphemes Syntax: rules combining words into grammatically sensible sentences Infancy: no speech -​ Babbling stage: 4-6 months -​ 9-10 months: speech at this time has purpose. It makes senss -​ 20: specilization taking place -​ One word stage: is at 12 months -​ Sounds communicate meaning -​ 18 months: expand. 1 word a day -​ 2 years old: 2 words. Really short. -​ 2-3 years: more susficicated. Articles, conjunctions -​ 3-5 yrs: overregularization: using grammar rules but incorrectly for that sensario Skinner: association, imitations, and reinforcement Noam chomsky: inborn universal grammar Concrete operational stage (6/7-11 yrs) -​ Demonstrates: conservation -​ The use of simple logic -​ Sort objects into classes -​ Lacks: abstract concepts: -​ Can reason about what is… not about what is possible Formal operational stage(12-adulthood): solve hypothetical situations, deduce consequences, and we call this “formal operational thinking” Konrad Lorentz: imprinting Harry and margaret harlow: monkeys picking between comfort and food and how much time they spent with each. -​ Conclusions- humans has a basic need to be comforted by someone or something. -​ It is a stronger need than for food -​ Attachment results from bodily contact -​ Lack of touch can lead to failure to thrive Mary ainsworth: secure vs insecure attachment Eric erikson: basic trust -​ Children see the world as a reliable and trustful world Types of parents Imaginary audience: feel like the whole world is looking at them Personal fatal: no one can understand you because you are so unique -​ Lead to isolation -​ Or you can be above the law Parent types: Warm parents: affectionate Cold parents: removed emotionally. - -​ Don't show Strict parents: expectations that the children will live up to. -​ Lots of rules. Extremely strict: fear of children running wild Permissive parents: let them roam the world. -​ Not a care in the world Authoritarian: cold and strict put together -​ “Why because i said so” -​ Break the will of the child to that of the parent -​ No interrupting -​ Do well in school but more likely to cheat -​ Really strong individually or dependent on others -​ Anxious and withdrawn -​ Less empathy, less friendly Permissive: parents catering to the wants of the children -​ Few demands -​ Less expectations -​ No punishments -​ More immature and aggressive -​ Wants acceptable and not Authoritative: -​ High expectations -​ Warm response to children -​ High self-esteem -​ Friendly -​ Achievement oriented -​ Socially responsible -​ Social competence -​ Relationships are a 2 way street -​ Nature vs nurature Kholgerg states of moral development Preconventional: birth to pre adolescence -​ Stage 1: avoid punishment: until 9 yrs of age -​ Stage 2: satisfies needs Conventional morality Stage 3: meet others expectations for them to like us Stage 4: do your duty, follow rules, social order Postconventional morality: Stage 5: laws have values Stage 6: life, justice, dignity. Rely on conscience. Rare in adolescence Never mature from the adolescence stage