INT 111 Mechanical Engineering History 2024 PDF

INT 111 Module MNG-1 Mechanical Engineering History Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban 2024 1 Course Specifications Preamble Preamble In this lecture we aim to ► History of Mechanical Engineering ► Relevance of M...

INT 111 Module MNG-1 Mechanical Engineering History Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban 2024 1 Course Specifications Preamble Preamble In this lecture we aim to ► History of Mechanical Engineering ► Relevance of Mechanical Engineering INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 2 What is Mechanical Engineering? Course Specifications What is Mech. Eng.? What is Engineering? Engineers apply their knowledge of mathematics, science, and materials and their skills in communications and business to develop new and better technologies. In just a few years, automotive technologies created a diverse set of solutions to climate change! Hybrids / EVs / ….. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 4 Course Specifications What is Mech. Eng.? What is Engineering? Engineering is distinct from the subjects of mathematics and science. Mathematics and science provide some of the tools and methods that enable an engineer to do his main objective. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 5 Course Specifications What is Mech. Eng.? What is Mechanical Engineering? Mechanical engineering is the application of the engineering principles and problem-solving techniques from design to manufacturing to the marketplace for any object. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 6 Course Specifications What is Mech. Eng.? Who are mechanical engineers? They work on powerproducing machines such as electricity-producing generators, internal combustion engines, steam and gas turbines, and jet and rocket engines. They also develop power-using machines such as refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, robots used in manufacturing, machine tools, materials handling systems, and industrial production equipment. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 7 History of Mechanical Engineering Course Specifications History Ancient Civilizations ► Egypt (3000–2000 BC) The ancient Egyptians were among the first to develop complex machinery. They built monumental structures like the pyramids using simple machines like levers, inclined planes, and pulleys. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 9 Course Specifications History Ancient Civilizations ► Greece and Rome (500 BC–500 AD) Greek inventors like Archimedes laid the foundations of mechanics by studying the principles of levers, pulleys, and buoyancy. The Romans later applied these principles in building aqueducts, war machines, and architectural marvels such as the Colosseum. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 10 Course Specifications History Ancient Civilizations ► China (200 BC–1000 AD) In ancient China, mechanical engineering was advanced through innovations such as the waterwheel, seismograph, and sophisticated clockwork mechanisms. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 11 Course Specifications History Ancient Civilizations ► Islamic Golden Age (8th–14th centuries) Islamic scholars preserved and expanded upon Greek and Roman knowledge. Engineers like Al-Jazari invented mechanical devices, including water- raising machines and automata, contributing to the field of robotics. In his Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices, al-Jazari used a wire, spring and pulley to put the arms of this humanoid elephant driver in motion as part of his design of a clock. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 12 Course Specifications History Middle Ages Civilizations ► Medieval Europe (500–1500 AD) The use of windmills, waterwheels, and mechanical clocks became widespread. The designs and operations of these machines laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 13 Course Specifications History Early Modern Period ► Renaissance (14th–17th centuries) The Renaissance marked a revival of interest in science and engineering. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci explored the mechanics of flight, hydraulics, and mechanics, creating detailed drawings of machines that were ahead of their time. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 14 Course Specifications History Early Modern Period ► 17th Century The work of scientists like Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton established the fundamental laws of motion and mechanics. These principles became the foundation of mechanical engineering. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 15 Course Specifications History The Industrial Revolution ► Early Industrial Revolution (1760–1830) The invention of the steam engine by James Watt revolutionized industry and transportation. Mechanical engineers played a crucial role in designing and optimizing machinery for factories, railways, and ships. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 16 Course Specifications History The Industrial Revolution ► 19th Century to Early 20th Century ► Engineering Education: The first formal programs in mechanical engineering were established in the 19th century. Institutions like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the École Polytechnique in France played a pivotal role in shaping the profession. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 17 Course Specifications History The Industrial Revolution ► 19th Century to Early 20th Century ► Automobiles and Aviation: The invention of the internal combustion engine led to the development of automobiles and airplanes. ► Engineers like Karl Benz and the Wright brothers made groundbreaking contributions to transportation technology. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 18 Course Specifications History Middle Ages Civilizations ► 19th Century to Early 20th Century ► Material Science: Advances in materials, such as steel and alloys, enabled the construction of stronger and lighter machines. ► Thermodynamics: This period also saw the development of refrigeration, power generation, and machine design. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 19 Modern Mechanical Engineering Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 1. The Automobile Some of the newer technologies include The development and commercialization of hybrid gas-electric vehicles, the automobile were judged as Engineers antilock brakes, most significant achievement in the twentieth run-flat tires, century. air bags, composite materials, Recent competition in the automobile market Computer-controlled fuel-injection has led to advances in the areas of Satellite-based navigation systems safety variable valve timing fuel economy fuel cells. comfort emission control. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 21 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 2. Space Travel In the 60s, the Soviets and the Americans managed to carry humans to space and to the moon. The huge research and development provided countless useful technologies satellites Wireless communication GPS navigation LED Foil Bluetooth INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 22 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 3. Power Generation In the twentieth century, entire societies changed as electricity was produced and routed to homes, businesses, and factories. Mechanical Engineers design and operate machines used to provide electric power\ Renewable energy is still in its infancy, and technology can have significant growth. Nuclear Fusion is the holy grail of Mechanical Engineers INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 23 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 4. Agriculture Mechanization Mechanical engineers have developed technologies to improve significantly the efficiency in the agricultural industry. Decades later, research is underway to develop the capability for machines to harvest a field autonomously, without any human intervention using advanced machinery, GPS technology, and intelligent guidance and control algorithms INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 24 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 5. The Airplane Mechanical engineers have developed or contributed to nearly every aspect of aviation technology. Mechanical engineers design the aerodynamic body, combustion systems, turbines, and control systems of such advanced jet engines. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 25 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 6. Integrated-Circuit Mass Production The mechanical engineering profession made key contributions during the twentieth century to the manufacturing methods involved in producing integrated circuits. The same manufacturing technology can be used to produce other machines at the micro or nano level. Using these techniques, machines with moving parts can be made so small that they are imperceptible to the human eye and can be viewed only under a microscope. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 26 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 7. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Refrigeration systems not only keep people safe and comfortable, but also preserve food and medical supplies in refrigeration systems, and enable air travel. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 27 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 8. Computer-Aided Engineering it encompasses the use of computers for performing calculations, preparing technical drawings, simulating performance, and controlling machine tools in a factory. For example, the Boeing 777 was the first commercial airliner to be developed through a paperless computer-aided design process. Computer-aided design, analysis, and manufacturing activities were integrated across some 200 design teams that were spread over 17 time zones, working on over 3 million parts. INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 28 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 9. Bioengineering A major objective of bioengineering is to create technologies to expand the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries, working on technologies such as Genomics ultrasonic imaging artificial joint replacements artificial heart valves robotically assisted surgery INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 29 Course Specifications Modern Mech. Eng. Achievements of Mechanical Engineers 10. Codes and Standards Codes and standards are necessary to specify the physical characteristics of mechanical parts so that others can clearly understand their structure and operation. Mechanical Engineers were the first to use codes for critical machines such as boilers, weldings, engines. Because of codes and standards, you can use proper fuel in any car engine, find spare parts, Use computer connections and protocols safely live in well-structured buildings, Save manufacturing costs INT111 – Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban - 2024 30 See you next time!