Insects-3 PDF

VMP 5265 Parasitology Insects-3 Tabanids Horse fly & deer fly Large domestic or wild animals, humans, small mammals, birds Mouthparts slashing and sponging Painful bites Deer flies bite horses in shaded areas Melophagus ovinus Sheep Flattened, hairy, wingless Blood...

VMP 5265 Parasitology Insects-3 Tabanids Horse fly & deer fly Large domestic or wild animals, humans, small mammals, birds Mouthparts slashing and sponging Painful bites Deer flies bite horses in shaded areas Melophagus ovinus Sheep Flattened, hairy, wingless Blood sucking Whole life cycle on host May be mistaken as ticks Cuterebra spp. Rodent or rabbit bot fly, New World skin bot flies Different hosts, zoonotic Subcutaneous connective tissue 3 instar removal rd Type I hypersensitivity Hypoderma spp. Adult – warble fly, heel fly, ox warble Larvae – cattle grub Host(s): cattle 1st instar: H. lineatum – submucosa of oesophagus; H. bovis – epidural fat of the spinal cord 3rd instar: lumps on backs Timing treatment Oestrus ovis Sheep nasal bot, warble fly of sheep Sheep, zoonotic 1 instars are deposited by st female during flight Instar irritation – snotty nose Rare aberrant migration – brain  Gasterophilus spp. Bot fly larvae, bot fly Horses Differentiation based on color and spines 3 instars in the stomach or small rd intestine Adults – fly worry  Learning Objectives Describe Cochliomyia hominivorax & Sarcophagidae Understand Ischnoceran lice – Trichodectes canis, Felicola spp., Bovicola spp. & avian lice  Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Calliphoridae Cochliomyia hominivorax Cochliomyia hominivorax Common name: screwworm Hosts: livestock, wildlife Identification: 10 mm, bluish green flies three stripes on thorax orange brown eyes Reputablespecies Cochliomyia hominivorax Life cycle: larvae feed invasively on living tissue Adult females mate only once in entire life. Site(s) of infestation: eggs laid on fresh, uninfected wounds Life cycle Senler lika the look is why that confer http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/livestock/primary_screwworm.htm (www.ars.usda.gov) http://www.nal.usda.gov/speccoll/collect/screwworm/chapters/01_idx.htm (www.ars.usda.gov) Cochliomyia hominivorax Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs: fresh wounds attract female flies foul smelling lesion rapidly leads to death of host (www.ars.usda.gov) http://www.nal.usda.gov/speccoll/collect/screwworm/chapters/01/001.htm http://www.nal.usda.gov/speccoll/collect/screwworm/chapters/01/003.htm http://www.nal.usda.gov/speccoll/collect/screwworm/chapters/01/001.htm http://www.nal.usda.gov/speccoll/collect/screwworm/chapters/01_idx.htm Cochliomyia hominivorax Reputable specie Diagnosis: recognition of maggots in lesions must report to vet authorities immediately place dipteran larvae in alcohol Treatment and prevention: treat wounds releasing sterile males Cochliomyia hominivorax Latest development in US: Date of start of the outbreak: 13 Jul 2016 Affected population: Key deer from a wildlife refuge in Big Pine Key, Florida. More than 30 years that the last occurrence of this fly was reported Screwworms are back A Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) killed by primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/livestock/primary_screwworm.htm  Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Sarcophagidae Sarcophagidae Common names: Flesh flies Host: Any animal Identification: Adults 2x the size of houseflies Sarcophagidae Life cycle: Females lay 1st instars in sores, wounds, necrotic tissues, wool soiled with feces or urine Develop to 3rd instars and leave host to pupate Pupae-overwintering stage Site(s) of infestation: Skin, wool Zajac and Conboy, 2012; Fig. 5.117 Sarcophagidae Diagnosis: Fly identification Treatment and prevention: Prevent situations that attract flies  sanitation  improved husbandry  tail docking Treat wounds immediately Classification of the ectoparasites  Insects: Lice (Phthiraptera) day Host specific E-N-N-N-A Entire life cycle on host Suborder Ischnocera (Mallophaga) ChewingA puffed TWO Suborder Ischnocera (Mallophaga) Biting, chewing lice Head > thorax Feed on skin, hair, feathers, other organic material 3 mm, yellow Rapid movement to move over skin and covering  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Ischnocera Trichodectes canis Felicola subrostratus Bovicola bovis Bovicola ovis Bovicola caprae Bovicola equi Trichodectes canis Common name: Dog biting louse or canine chewing louse Hosts: Dogs Identification: Yellowish color, biting/chewing mouthparts, active louse, adults 2 mm Dog biting louse, Trichodectes canis (Photo, M Pereira) Trichodectes canis Life cycle: Female lays eggs, develop to nymphs and adults. Require host to complete life cycle Trichodectes canis Site(s) of infestation: Hair, skin Pathogenesis and lesions: Vector of D. caninum. Heavy infestations in neglected and underfed animals. Affects young Trichodectes canis Clinical signs: Pruritus. Dogs scratch, cause loss of hair. Restless and scratch continuously. Trichodectes canis Diagnosis: Identification of louse Treatment and prevention: Avoid direct contact with brushes, combs and blankets Macrocyclic lactone (MCL) http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/articles/caninelice.htm  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Ischnocera Trichodectes canis Felicola subrostratus Bovicola bovis Bovicola ovis Bovicola caprae Bovicola equi Felicola subrostratus Common name: cat biting louse Hosts: Cats Identification: Beige or yellow color, transverse brown bands, triangular anterior portion of the head, small legs, 1-1.5 mm Felicola subrostratus http://vetbook.org/wiki/cat/index.php/Felicola_subrostratus Felicola subrostratus Predilection site: Skin, face, pinnae, back Pathogenesis: elderly or chronically ill animals; longhaired breeds Diagnosis: Louse identification  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Ischnocera Trichodectes canis Felicola subrostratus Bovicola bovis Bovicola ovis Bovicola caprae Bovicola equi Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis (http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/htm/bc/itgli03.htm) Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis Common name: cattle biting louse Hosts: cattle Identification: typical ischnoceran reddish brown color Site of infestation: head, poll, neck, shoulders, rump, tail switch Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis (http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/htm/bc/itgli02.htm) Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis Photo: Thomas Nolan, University of Pennsylvania Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis Life cycle: Winter favors proliferation thick coat cattle housed parthenogenesis sumenti Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis Life cycle: In summer louse numbers are low thin pelage limits sheltered habitat skin surface temperatures high sunlight is lethal  Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs: chronic dermatitis in large numbers intensive irritation and pruritus sign of malnutrition or chronic disease Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis Diagnosis: identification of louse Treatment and prevention: various ectoparasiticides MCLs  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Ischnocera Trichodectes canis Felicola subrostratus Bovicola bovis Bovicola ovis Bovicola caprae Bovicola equi Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis Common name: Biting louse of sheep Hosts: Sheep Identification: Typical Ischnoceran louse Life cycle: Typical louse  Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis Site(s) of infestation: Wool over whole body Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Most pathogenic of all sheep lice Highly active Lose body condition Damage to fleece Attractant for blow flies Ked and Louse infestation Photo: Thomas Nolan Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis Diagnosis: Louse identification Treatment and prevention: Several remedies effective  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Ischnocera Trichodectes canis Felicola subrostratus Bovicola bovis Bovicola ovis Bovicola caprae Bovicola equi amount transit are host All of these guys specific so try to other arrivals Bovicola (Damalinia) caprae Common name: Red louse Hosts: Goats All others similar to Bovicola ovis  Equid Lice Bovicola (Damalinia) equi Haematopinus asini Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Ischnocera Avian lice Ischnocera – Avian lice Common name: Biting, chewing lice Hosts(s): Domestic and wild fowl Identification: >40 species; typical Ischnoceran Site of infestation: Note common name e.g., wing louse, fluff louse Ischnocera – Avian lice UC Davis, 2004 Ischnocera – Avian lice Ischnocera – Avian lice Wing louse: Lipeurus on chickens (University of Guelph) Ischnocera – Avian lice Menacanthus stramineus Chicken body louse Ischnocera – Avian lice Ischnocera – Avian lice Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Lice digest keratin, bite feathers Effects of pediculosis similar among host species Sleeplessness, inappetence, scratching, feather plucking Secondary effects may be more serious than the immediate damage of lice Ischnocera – Avian lice Diagnosis: Identification of louse