Inorg Chem Topic 2 Finals PDF

GROUP VI-B Chromium subgroup ”Cr, Mo, W, U”  Chromite (FeCr204) – Essential trace element Ochre (CrO3) – CHROMIUM Glucose tolerance factor 1. Potassium Dichromate – yellow- orange solution; goo...

GROUP VI-B Chromium subgroup ”Cr, Mo, W, U”  Chromite (FeCr204) – Essential trace element Ochre (CrO3) – CHROMIUM Glucose tolerance factor 1. Potassium Dichromate – yellow- orange solution; good oxidizing agent M O LY B D E N U M 1.Wulfenite (PbMoO4) 2.Powellite (Ca(MO2W)04) Natural 3.Molybdite (Mo03) source:  M O LY B D E N U M Essential trace element Cofactor of flavin-dependent enzymes 1. Molybdenum Blue Test – sensitive for reducing substances GROUP VII-A Halogen Family ”F, Cl, Br, I, At” FLUORINE Most electronegative atom (4); followed by oxygen (3.5) Pale yellow gas having a characteristic odor resembling mixture of 03 and chlorine Moissan (1886); French chemist; isolated Fluorine by ELECTROLYSIS Fluorine compounds are anticariogenic agents (i.e Sodium Monofluorophosphate) Identification test: Glass-etching test CHLORINE Greenish-yellow gas having a characteristic Scheele (1774) unpleasant, suffocating ”DEPHLOGISTICATED odor and an astringent MURIATIC ACID” odor Berthollet (1785) Davy (1810-1811) “OXYGENIZED MURIATIC coined the term ACID” ”CHLORINE”  1. HYDROCHLORIC ACID, NF (Muriatic Acid) - 36.5-38% w/v - Colorless, clear, highly corrosive, highly pungent CHLORINE COMPOUNDS 2. DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID, NF - 9.5-10.5% w/v (AS CHLORIDES) 3. CHLORIDE SALTS OF Na, K, Ca - Electrolyte replenisher - Components of Ringer’s and Lactated Ringer’s Solution  Dark reddish –brown mobile liquid Has a high vapor pressure Balard (1826) – isolated Br from the salts of Montpellier BROMYRITE Poisoning: BROMISM BROMINE Bromine compounds: 1. Potassium bromide, USP (KBr) 2. Sodium bromide, USP (NaBr) Uses: for bipolar and mania disorders  IODINE Grayish-black Caurtois (1811): solid with a isolated iodine by metallic luster Sublimation Poisoning: IODISM and a (H2SO4 + characteristic Seaweed ash) penetrating odor Iodine compounds: Potasium iodide, USP (KI) Sodium iodide, USP (NaI)  A S TAT I N E Corzon, Mackenziem Segre: bombarding of 209Bi with alpha particles (211 At) Synthetic, radioactive and metallic halogen Rarest element PROPERTIES OF GROUP VII-A FLUORINE – capable of only 1 oxidation state (-1) Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine FORMULA OXIDATION NAMING AS TYPE STATE ACIDS Halide X-1 -1 Hydro; icaacid Hypohalite X0-1 +1 -ous acid Halite X02-1 +3 -ous acid Halate X03-1 +5 -ic acid Perhalate XO4-1 +7 -ic acid INTERHALOGENS Type Type Type Type Exist Type XX’: CIF, Type XX’3: CIF3, Type XX’5: BrF5, Type XX’7: IF7 IBr, ICl, ICl3: BrF, BrCl, ICl, Ibr BrF3, ICl3 IF5 exist as solids while others are either volatile liquids or gases PSEUDOHALOG ENS Molecules resembling halogens -CN (cyanide), -(CN)2 (Cyanogen), -N3 (azide) GROUP VII-B Manganese Subgroup ”Mn, Tc, Re”  3rd most abundant transition metal Occurrence: PYROLUSITE MANGANESE (Mn02) Cofactor involved in protein synthesis, phosphorylation, fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis  1. Permanganates– potent oxidizing agent; deep purple color; intense color due to “charge transfer” 2. Manganates – aqueous solutions are colored green 3. Mn (V) – exists as the blue Mn04-3 ion 4. Manganite – occurs naturally as PYROLUSITE; prepared by oxidation of Mn+2 salts MANGANESE 5. Manganic – disproportionate in aqueous solution; Mn3+ (aq.) can be stabilized by COMPOUNDS using acid solutions or complex formation 6. Manganous – most common and most stable; aqueous solutions are colored pink Official compounds: Manganese Chloride, USP Manganese Gluconate, USP Manganese Sulfate, USP