Ceramics and Composites PDF

**[Ceramics]** Greek word " **[Keramos]** "meaning potter's clay and "**[Keramikos]**" meaning clay products. **[Traditional]** -- whiteware, tiles, brick and sewer pipe. **[Industrial]** -- ( engieering, high-tech, or fine) turbine, automotive and aerospace components. **[Raw Materials ]** **[...

**[Ceramics]** Greek word " **[Keramos]** "meaning potter's clay and "**[Keramikos]**" meaning clay products. **[Traditional]** -- whiteware, tiles, brick and sewer pipe. **[Industrial]** -- ( engieering, high-tech, or fine) turbine, automotive and aerospace components. **[Raw Materials ]** **[Oldest]** -- clay ( fine-grained, sheet-like structure)\ **[Kaolinite]** -- Kaoling, a hill in china. **[Alumina]** -- aluminum oxide\ **[Zirconia]** -- zirconium oxide Other Ceramics **[Carbines]** -- cutting tools\ **[Nitrides]** -- Cubic Boron\ **[Sialon]** -- Dirived from Si, Al, O~2~, N~2\ ~**[Cermets]** -- black or hot-pressed cermics\ **[Silicates-]** Products reaction of Si with oxides. **[Brittleness]** -- strength and hardness level. **[Glass]** -- an amorphous solid with the structure of liquid. **[Supercooled]** -- cooled at a rate too high to allow crystals to form non-crystalline. **[Fabrication]** -- manufctured into useful articles by first heating the material to produce a molten or viscous state. **[Glass ceramics]** -- predominantly crystalline in structure and have properties that are more disirable than those of glasses. **[Graphite]** -- crystalline form of carbon having a layered structure with basal planes. **[Diamond]** -- form of carbon with a coveylently bounded structure. **[Composite]** -- a combination of two or more chemically distinct. **[4000 B.C]** -- straw + clay = bricks for building.\ **[1800s]** -- steel rods + concrete = reinforced concrete. **[Reinforced Plastics]** -- Known as polymer-matrix composites. **[Hybrid]** -- more than one type **[Fibers]** - High specific strength **[Plastic matrix]** - Less strong and less stiff. **[E-type]** - a calcium aluminoborosilicate glass the type most commonly used; (**E**= initial electrical application) **[S-type]** - a magnesia aluminosilicate glass, offering higher strength and stiffness, but at a higher cost; (**S** = strength) **[E-CR-type]** - a high-performance glass fiber, offering higher resistance to elevated temperatures and acid corrosion than does the E glass; (**E** = electrical/chemical resistance). **[Carbon fibers]** -- more expensive than glass fibers. **[Graphite Fibers]** - Enhance the electrical and thermal conductivity of reinforced plastic components **[Ceramic Fibers]** - Have low elongation, low thermal conductivity, and good chemical resistance **[Polymer Fibers]** - May be made of nylon, rayon, acrylics, or aramids **[Polymer Fibers]** - Spectra (a trade name) An ultra-high molecular weight and high molecular-chain orientation **[Melt spinning]** - involves extruding a liquid polymer through small holes in a die **[Dry spinning]** - the polymer is dissolved in a liquid solution to form a partially oriented liquid-crystal form **[Short]** (discontinuous) or **[Long]** (continuous). **[Matrix materials]** - aluminum, aluminum-lithium alloy **[Fiber materials]** - graphite, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide **[Laminar Composites]** - Processes designed to form a high-quality bond between distinct layers of different materials.