Skin Washing and Hair Removal PDF

UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD ENFERMERÍA Modalidad de estudio PRESENCIAL Asignatura: INGLES TÉCNICO II Lcdo. Livington Javier Rojas González, Mgs.  Skin Washing and Hair Removal What is an abrasion? An abrasion is a supe...

UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD ENFERMERÍA Modalidad de estudio PRESENCIAL Asignatura: INGLES TÉCNICO II Lcdo. Livington Javier Rojas González, Mgs.  Skin Washing and Hair Removal What is an abrasion? An abrasion is a superficial rub or wearing off of the skin, usually caused by a scrape or a brush burn. Abrasions are usually minor injuries that can be treated at home. The skin may bleed or drain small amounts at the time of the injury or at times over the next few days if rubbed or scratched.  Wound types: Abrasion, laceration, incision, puncture, avulsion, contusion. What is an abrasion? An abrasion is a superficial rub or wearing off of the skin, usually caused by a scrape or a brush burn. Abrasions are usually minor injuries that can be treated at home. The skin may bleed or drain small amounts at the time of the injury or at times over the next few days if rubbed or scratched. What is a laceration? A LACERATION IS A WOUND THAT IS PRODUCED BY THE TEARING OF SOFT BODY TISSUE. THIS TYPE OF WOUND IS OFTEN IRREGULAR AND JAGGED. A LACERATION WOUND IS OFTEN CONTAMINATED WITH BACTERIA AND DEBRIS FROM WHATEVER OBJECT CAUSED THE CUT.  What is an incision in medical terms? An incision is a surgical cut. A doctor uses a scalpel to make an incision in a patient's skin. An incision usually refers to a cut that's made during surgery, like an abdominal incision made by a surgeon during a gall bladder operation.  What is a puncture wound? A puncture is a wound made by a pointed object such as a nail, knife, or sharp tooth. Puncture wounds often appear to be on the surface, but may extend into the deeper tissue layers. Stitches are primarily used if the cut is more that a quarter inch deep, is on the face, or reaches bone.  What is an avulsion wound? An avulsion is a forcible tearing off of skin or another part of the body, such as an ear or a finger. Any time layers of skin have been torn off to expose muscles, tendons and tissue, it is called an avulsion. An amputation, such as getting a limb caught in a piece of heavy machinery, is also considered an avulsion.  What is a contusion wound? A contusion is the medical term for a bruise. When the body absorbs a hit, fall, or bump, blood vessels may burst, leaking blood into the surrounding tissues. As a result, a colored area forms and may be painful to the touch.  How wound infections are caused? When you get a cut, scrape, or any type of wound on your skin, tiny germs can get inside. These germs are like tiny bugs that you can't see without a microscope. Some germs are harmless, but others can make you sick. If these harmful germs get into your wound, they can cause an infection. Germs can get into wounds in different ways. Sometimes, they're already on your skin, and when you get a cut, they can enter the wound. Other times, the germs might come from something dirty that touches your wound, like a dirty object or someone's hands. If the wound isn't cleaned properly, these germs can stay there and start to grow, causing an infection. Infections can make the wound red, swollen, and painful. Sometimes, they can even cause fever or make you feel sick. That's why it's important to clean wounds properly and keep them covered with a bandage to protect them from germs. So, in simple terms, wounds infections are caused by tiny germs getting into a wound and growing there, which can make you sick if not treated properly.  Useful phrases and facts How do you say ________________ in English/Spanish? How do you spell ________________ ? ESP course Cognates False friends www.linguee.com www.wordreference.com  UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD ENFERMERÍA Modalidad de estudio PRESENCIAL Asignatura: INGLES TÉCNICO II Lcdo. Livington Javier Rojas González, Mgs. Skin Washing and Hair Removal Introduction to Surgical Skin Preparation Importance of surgical skin preparation in preventing infections  Skin Washing for Surgical Preparation Skin Washing for Surgical Preparation Definition of surgical skin preparation Importance of reducing bacteria on the skin before surgery Technical vocabulary: antiseptic solution, scrubbing, aseptic technique https://www.healthline.com/health/aseptic- technique  Types of Skin Preparation Full-body bathing Surgical site scrubbing Hand and forearm washing for surgical team members Technical vocabulary: preoperative skin prep, chlorhexidine gluconate, iodophors https://wvs.academy/learn/companion-animals/spay-neuter/preparation-and-principles/patient- preparation/scrubbing/#:~:text=The%20process%20of%20surgical%20scrubbing,surgical%20incision%20has%20been%20created.  Hair Removal for Surgical Preparation Importance of hair removal in surgical site preparation Common methods: clipping, shaving, depilation Technical vocabulary: electric clipper, disposable razor, depilatory cream Precautions and Considerations Allergies and sensitivities to antiseptic solutions Skin conditions to be aware of Technical vocabulary: dermatitis, hypersensitivity, contraindication  Patient Education Importance of educating patients about surgical skin preparation procedures Technical vocabulary: informed consent, compliance, postoperative care instructions. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430827/#:~:text=Introduction,undergo%20the %20procedure%20or%20intervention.  UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD ENFERMERÍA Modalidad de estudio PRESENCIAL Asignatura: INGLES TÉCNICO II Lcdo. Livington Javier Rojas González, Mgs. Skin Disinfection Introduction to Surgical Skin Preparation Disinfection Skin Disinfection Antiseptic Bacteria Cleanliness  Technical Vocabulary 1 1. Skin: The outer covering of the body, which acts as a protective barrier. 2. Disinfection: The process of cleaning something to destroy or prevent the growth of germs and bacteria. 3. Antiseptic: A substance that prevents the growth of disease-causing microorganisms on the skin. 4. Bacteria: Microscopic organisms that can cause infections and diseases. 5. Germ: A microorganism, especially one that causes disease. 6. Infection: The invasion and multiplication of harmful microorganisms in the body, causing illness. 7. Cleanliness: The state of being clean or free from dirt, germs, and impurities. 8. Wound: An injury to the body, typically involving a break in the skin or other tissues. 9. Sterile: Free from living microorganisms, especially bacteria and viruses. 10.Swab: A small piece of absorbent material, usually cotton, used for cleaning or applying medication. Technical Vocabulary 2 1. Alcohol: A disinfectant commonly used to clean and sterilize surfaces and skin. 2. Topical: Applied to the surface of the skin or a localized area of the body. 3. Hygiene: Practices or conditions that promote health, cleanliness, and the prevention of disease. 4. Scrub: To clean something thoroughly by rubbing hard, especially with a brush and water. 5. Sanitize: To clean or sterilize something to make it free from germs and bacteria. 6. Irritation: A condition of inflammation, soreness, or discomfort of a bodily part caused by friction, infection, or other external factors. 7. Microorganism: A microscopic organism, such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus. 8. Disinfectant: A chemical substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms on surfaces and objects. 9. Gloves: Protective covering for the hand, often made of rubber or plastic, used to prevent contamination or injury. 10.Cotton ball: A small ball of soft cotton used for applying medication or cleansing wounds.  Adverbs of frequency 1.Definition: Adverbs of frequency describe how often something related to skin disinfection happens. 2.Common Adverbs: Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never. 3.Position in Sentence: Adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb or after the verb "to be" in sentences related to skin disinfection. For example: 1. She always washes her hands before disinfecting a wound. 2. He is never careless about cleaning his tools. 4.Frequency Order: Adverbs of frequency can be ordered from the most frequent to the least frequent: 1. Always > usually > often > sometimes > rarely > never. 5.Usage in Questions: Adverbs of frequency can be used in questions to ask about how often skin disinfection tasks are performed: 1. How often do you disinfect surfaces in the laboratory? 2. Do you usually wear gloves when handling disinfectants? 6.Usage in Short Answers: Short answers are formed using the adverb and "do" or "does": 1. Q: Do you cleanse your skin often? 2. A: Yes, I do. / No, I don't.  UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD ENFERMERÍA Modalidad de estudio PRESENCIAL Asignatura: INGLES TÉCNICO II Lcdo. Livington Javier Rojas González, Mgs. Surgical Skin preparation 3 Using incise drapes Sterile Sterile field https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=_aCf0HBVO_g Scalpel Transparent film  Technical Vocabulary 1 1.Incise Drapes: Adhesive surgical drapes used to cover the patient's skin around a surgical site to create a sterile field. 2.Sterile: Free from living microorganisms; aseptic. 3.Adhesive: Having the quality of sticking or adhering to a surface. 4.Surgical Site: The area of the body where a surgical procedure is performed. 5.Incision: A cut made into the body during surgery. 6.Sterile Field: A designated area that is free from microorganisms and used for sterile procedures. 7.Procedure: A series of steps followed in a specific order to achieve a particular result, such as a surgical procedure. 8.Preparation: The process of getting ready or making something ready for use, such as preparing the patient for surgery. 9.Disposable: Designed to be used once and then thrown away. 10.Barrier: Something that prevents passage or access, such as a surgical drape acting as a barrier to microorganisms.  Technical Vocabulary 2 1.Antimicrobial: Having the ability to inhibit or kill microorganisms. 2.Transparent: Allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. 3.Tape: Adhesive material used to secure or fasten items, such as securing the edges of surgical drapes. 4.Skin Preparation: The process of cleaning and sterilizing the skin before a surgical procedure. 5.Sterilization: The process of killing or removing all microorganisms and their spores from an object or surface. 6.Scalpel: A small, sharp knife used for making incisions during surgery. 7.Absorbent: Having the ability to soak up liquids, such as an absorbent pad placed under the surgical drape. 8.Pouch: A small bag or pocket used for holding items, such as a pouch within the incise drape for collecting fluids. 9.Hypoallergenic: Designed to cause fewer allergic reactions, suitable for individuals with sensitive skin. 10.Transparent Film: Thin, see-through material used to cover and protect wounds or surgical sites. Using incise drapes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmD6ephiN2I  UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD ENFERMERÍA Modalidad de estudio PRESENCIAL Asignatura: INGLES TÉCNICO II Lcdo. Livington Javier Rojas González, Mgs. UNIDAD II: Essential checks and basic needs of postoperative care Post operative care generalities UNIDAD II: Essential checks and basic needs of postoperative care Pain medication UNIDAD II: Essential checks and basic needs of postoperative care Hydration UNIDAD II: Essential checks and basic needs of postoperative care Anesthesia  Technical Vocabulary 1 1.Surgery: The medical procedure performed to treat a condition. 2.Anesthesia: The medicine used to make a patient unconscious during surgery. 3.Incision: The cut made in the body during surgery. 4.Wound: The injury or opening in the skin from surgery. 5.Dressing: The bandage or covering applied to a wound. 6.Pain medication: Medicine given to reduce pain after surgery. 7.Recovery: The period of time after surgery when the body heals. 8.Rest: The act of relaxing and not exerting oneself after surgery. 9.Hydration: Drinking enough fluids to stay healthy and aid in recovery. 10.Nutrition: Eating healthy foods to help the body heal after surgery.  Technical Vocabulary 2 1.Mobility: The ability to move around after surgery. 2.Physical therapy: Exercises and treatments to help regain strength and mobility. 3.Monitoring: Keeping track of vital signs and symptoms after surgery. 4.Complications: Problems that may arise after surgery, such as infection or bleeding. 5.Follow-up appointments: Visits to the doctor after surgery to check progress. 6.Medication schedule: The plan for taking prescribed medicines after surgery. 7.Activity restrictions: Guidelines for what activities to avoid after surgery. 8.Support system: Family and friends who help during the recovery process. 9.Communication: Sharing information with healthcare providers about how you're feeling. 10.Self-care: Taking care of oneself at home after surgery, including wound care and medication management.  UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD ENFERMERÍA Modalidad de estudio PRESENCIAL Asignatura: INGLES TÉCNICO II Lcdo. Livington Javier Rojas González, Mgs. Phases of Post Operative Care Respiratory therapy Intravenous (IV) Fluids Recovery room Ambulation Technical Vocabulary 1 1.Anesthesia: The use of medications to block pain and sensations during surgery or medical procedures. 2.Incision: A surgical cut made in the body during an operation. 3.Recovery Room: A specialized area in a hospital where patients are monitored closely as they wake up from anesthesia immediately after surgery. 4.Vital Signs: Measurements of essential bodily functions, including temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. 5.Pain Management: Strategies and treatments employed to alleviate post-operative pain and discomfort. 6.Nausea: A feeling of queasiness or discomfort in the stomach that may be experienced after surgery, often accompanied by a sensation of needing to vomit. 7.Intravenous (IV) Fluids: Fluids administered directly into a vein to maintain hydration and deliver medications following surgery. Technical Vocabulary 2 1.Wound Care: The process of cleaning and dressing surgical incisions to promote healing and prevent infection. 2.Ambulation: The act of walking or moving around, which may be encouraged as part of post- operative care to prevent complications such as blood clots. 3.Respiratory Therapy: Techniques and treatments aimed at maintaining or improving lung function, which may include deep breathing exercises and the use of incentive spirometry. 4.Anti-Emetic: Medications used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting. 5.Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA): A method of pain management that allows patients to self- administer controlled doses of pain medication through an intravenous or epidural catheter. 6.Mobility: The ability to move freely and independently, which may be temporarily limited after surgery and gradually regained during the recovery process. 7.Oxygen Therapy: The administration of oxygen to patients who may require additional oxygen support following surgery, often delivered through nasal prongs or a face mask. Technical Vocabulary 3 1.Sutures/Stitches: Medical threads or materials used to close surgical incisions and promote wound healing. 2.Constipation: Difficulty passing stools or infrequent bowel movements, which may occur as a side effect of anesthesia or pain medications after surgery. 3.Urinary Catheter: A thin tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine, often used temporarily during surgery and removed in the post-operative period. 4.Infection Control: Measures taken to prevent and minimize the risk of infections in surgical wounds, including proper hand hygiene, sterile techniques, and antibiotic therapy when necessary. 5.Analgesics: Medications used to relieve pain, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or stronger opioid medications, depending on the severity of pain. 6.Post-Operative Instructions: Guidelines provided to patients after surgery, including information on wound care, medication management, activity restrictions, and signs of potential complications requiring medical attention. Present Perfect 1 Unfinished events 1.Anesthesia: Patients have been administered medications to block pain and sensations during surgery or medical procedures. 2.Incision: Surgical cuts have been made in the body during an operation. 3.Recovery Room: Patients have been closely monitored as they wake up from anesthesia immediately after surgery. 4.Vital Signs: Essential bodily functions, including temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, have been measured and monitored. 5.Pain Management: Strategies and treatments have been employed to alleviate post-operative pain and discomfort. 6.Nausea: Some patients have experienced feelings of queasiness or discomfort in the stomach after surgery, often accompanied by a sensation of needing to vomit. Present Perfect 2 Unfinished events 1.Patients have been administered pain medication to manage post-operative discomfort. 1. Verb in Present Perfect Tense: have been administered 2. Explanation: The present perfect tense is used here to describe the ongoing action of administering pain medication to patients. It indicates that this process started in the past and is continuing into the present, emphasizing the ongoing nature of the action. 2.Wounds have been cleaned and dressed to prevent infection. 1. Verb in Present Perfect Tense: have been cleaned, have been dressed 2. Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe the actions of cleaning and dressing wounds. These actions are ongoing or incomplete because they are part of the continuing process of post-operative wound care. The emphasis is on the ongoing nature of these actions rather than their completion. Present Perfect 2 Unfinished events 2 1.Some patients have experienced nausea after surgery. 1. Verb in Present Perfect Tense: have experienced 2. Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe the ongoing experience of nausea by some patients. This tense suggests that the experience of nausea started at some point in the past and is continuing into the present. It indicates that the action is unfinished or ongoing. 2.Intravenous fluids have been administered to maintain hydration. 1. Verb in Present Perfect Tense: have been administered 2. Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe the ongoing action of administering intravenous fluids. This tense indicates that the process of administering fluids started in the past and is continuing into the present, emphasizing the ongoing nature of the action.  UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS Y DE LA SALUD ENFERMERÍA Modalidad de estudio PRESENCIAL Asignatura: INGLES TÉCNICO II Lcdo. Livington Javier Rojas González, Mgs. Phase 2 and 3 of postoperative care Recovery room Mobility exercise Technical Vocabulary 1 1.Recovery Room: A special area in the hospital where patients are taken immediately after surgery to be closely monitored as they wake up from anesthesia. 2.Vital Signs: Measurements of important bodily functions, including temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate, which indicate the patient's overall health status. 3.Pain Management: Techniques and medications used to alleviate discomfort and pain experienced by patients after surgery. 4.Wound Care: The process of cleaning and dressing surgical incisions or wounds to prevent infection and promote healing. 5.Mobility Exercises: Gentle movements and exercises performed to help patients regain strength and mobility after surgery. 6.Deep Breathing Exercises: Techniques used to expand the lungs and improve respiratory function, which can help prevent complications such as pneumonia after surgery. Technical Vocabulary 2 1.Coughing Techniques: Methods to encourage patients to cough effectively, which helps clear the airways and prevent respiratory problems postoperatively. 2.Incentive Spirometry: A device used to encourage deep breathing by providing visual feedback to patients on how well they are expanding their lungs. 3.Fluid Intake: Monitoring and encouraging patients to drink adequate fluids to prevent dehydration and promote healing. 4.Nutrition: Providing balanced meals and supplements to support the body's healing process and prevent malnutrition. 5.Ambulation: Assisting patients in walking or moving around, which helps prevent blood clots and muscle weakness after surgery. 6.Medication Administration: Dispensing and monitoring the use of medications prescribed for pain relief, infection prevention, and other postoperative needs. Technical Vocabulary 3 1.Dressing Changes: Removing and replacing surgical dressings to assess the wound, prevent infection, and promote healing. 2.Patient Education: Providing information to patients and their families about their condition, medications, and self-care practices to ensure a smooth recovery process. 3.Discharge Planning: Preparing patients for discharge from the hospital by arranging follow-up appointments, providing instructions for home care, and addressing any concerns or questions they may have. 4.Complication Monitoring: Observing patients for signs of complications such as infection, bleeding, or adverse reactions to medications, and taking appropriate action if necessary. 5.Emotional Support: Offering reassurance, empathy, and encouragement to patients as they recover from surgery and cope with any physical or emotional challenges. 6.Family Involvement: Engaging family members in the patient's care and providing support and education to help them participate effectively in the recovery process. Technical Vocabulary 4 1.Patient Comfort: Ensuring that patients are comfortable by providing pain relief, adjusting their positioning, and addressing any other needs or concerns they may have. 2.Team Collaboration: Working closely with other healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, therapists, and social workers, to coordinate and optimize the patient's care throughout the postoperative period. Present Perfect 1 Unfinished events 1.Anesthesia: Patients have been administered medications to block pain and sensations during surgery or medical procedures. 2.Incision: Surgical cuts have been made in the body during an operation. 3.Recovery Room: Patients have been closely monitored as they wake up from anesthesia immediately after surgery. 4.Vital Signs: Essential bodily functions, including temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, have been measured and monitored. 5.Pain Management: Strategies and treatments have been employed to alleviate post-operative pain and discomfort. 6.Nausea: Some patients have experienced feelings of queasiness or discomfort in the stomach after surgery, often accompanied by a sensation of needing to vomit. Present Perfect 2 Unfinished events 1.Patients have been administered pain medication to manage post-operative discomfort. 1. Verb in Present Perfect Tense: have been administered 2. Explanation: The present perfect tense is used here to describe the ongoing action of administering pain medication to patients. It indicates that this process started in the past and is continuing into the present, emphasizing the ongoing nature of the action. 2.Wounds have been cleaned and dressed to prevent infection. 1. Verb in Present Perfect Tense: have been cleaned, have been dressed 2. Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe the actions of cleaning and dressing wounds. These actions are ongoing or incomplete because they are part of the continuing process of post-operative wound care. The emphasis is on the ongoing nature of these actions rather than their completion. Present Perfect 2 Unfinished events 2 1.Some patients have experienced nausea after surgery. 1. Verb in Present Perfect Tense: have experienced 2. Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe the ongoing experience of nausea by some patients. This tense suggests that the experience of nausea started at some point in the past and is continuing into the present. It indicates that the action is unfinished or ongoing. 2.Intravenous fluids have been administered to maintain hydration. 1. Verb in Present Perfect Tense: have been administered 2. Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe the ongoing action of administering intravenous fluids. This tense indicates that the process of administering fluids started in the past and is continuing into the present, emphasizing the ongoing nature of the action.