Information Stored in Memory (HCI) - BSIS 3A GROUP 2 PDF

NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC. -COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES INFORMATION STORED IN MEMORY IS ELECTIVE 2: HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION ( HCI ) BSIS 3A - GROUP 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS E 1 Memory 2...

NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC. -COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES INFORMATION STORED IN MEMORY IS ELECTIVE 2: HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION ( HCI ) BSIS 3A - GROUP 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS E 1 Memory 2 Where do memories get stored? 3 Parts of the brain involve in Memory 4 Structures of Human Memory 5 Type and Stages of Memory 6 Nature of Human Memory 7 Process of Human Memory 8 Models of Memory 9 Five theories of forgetting 10 Human Memory in HCI 11 Theories of Memory MEMORY E Defined in psychology as the faculty of the mind that involves of encoding, storing, and retrieving information (Squire, 2009) RECORD OF EXPERIENCE THAT GUIDES FUTURE ACTION An act of remembering some particular event, past experiences and then to reproduce them for use when required in later life. INFORMATIONE Refers simply to sensory input from the environment. COGNITION E Is the processing of the information coming from the environment through our senses. MEMORY It is our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. WHERE DO MEMORIES GET STORED? E Memories are stored in a brain region called the hippocampus. PARTS OF THE BRAIN INVOLVED IN MEMORY E X 1. HIPPOCAMPUS P Located in the brain's temporal lobe, is L where episodic memories are formed I and indexed for later access. C I 2. NEOCORTEX T Commands higher functions such as M sensory perception, motor commands, E spatial reasoning and language. M O 3. AMYGDALA R Y Major processing center for emotions.  I M P 4. BASAL GANGLIA L Primarily involved in motor control, as I PARTS OF THE BRAIN C well as responsible for other roles such INVOLVED IN MEMORY I as motor learning, executive functions T and behaviors, and emotions. M 5. CEREBELLUM E M Responsible for coordinating voluntary O movement, balance, and posture. R Y SENSORY MEMORY 6. PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX Part of the neocortex that sits at the very front of the brain Involves decision making, reasoning, personality expression, maintaining social appropriateness, and other complex cognitive behaviors. HOW DO MEMORIES GET STORED? E They're made of different neurons (nerve cells) that encode memories and responsible for different thoughts or perceptions, drift in and out of action. Brain cells called neurons activate and form connections with one another, creating a neural pattern that represents the memory. STRUCTURES OF HUMAN TYPES & STAGES OF MEMORY MEMORY 1 SENSORY MEMORY Act as buffers for stimuli received through each of the senses. Brief retention storage of sensory information. TYPES OF SENSORY MEMORY Iconic Memory - Stores visual information for 0.5–3 seconds Echoic Memory - Stores hearing auditory information 3-4 seconds. Haptic/Tactile Memory - Stores touch-related information for 1-2 secs.  2 SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM) A temporary storage system that Duration of short-term TYPES & STAGES OF MEMORY processes incoming sensory memory will only last for memory. about 20-30 seconds. Used to store information which is only required fleetingly. STM has a limited capacity which can be accessed rapidly, however, also decays rapidly. George A. Miller stated the 7+/-2 rule where humans can store 5-9 chunks of information. Chunks unit of information that can be single items or groups of items. Example : Instead of remembering the phone number 1234567890 as ten separate digits, you might remember it as (123) 456-7890 CHUNKING OF INFORMATION CAN INCREASE THE SHORT- TERM MEMORY CAPACITY MNEMONIC DEVICES Mnemonic device is a memory aid, intended to assist in the retention and retrieval of information. TYPES OF MNEMONIC DEVICES Visual Mnemonic Devices relies on imagery to relate words or ideas. The more whimsical and creative, the better. Acrostics/Acronyms -Acrostic spells a word using the first letters of each line. -Acronym shortens phrases using initials Example : Acrostic sentences like Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally may be used to remember the mathematical order of operations. Or might be able to simply use the acronym, PEMDAS. Rhyming Mnemonics Puts information in the form of a poem 3 LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM) It is a vast store of knowledge and a Duration can range from weeks, record of prior events. months, years, or even decades. Unlimited capacity, a slow access time and forgetting occurs more slowly or not at all. 2 TYPES OF LONG-TERM MEMORY EXPLICIT MEMORY IMPLICIT MEMORY (DECLARATIVE MEMORY) (PROCEDURAL MEMORY) - Refers to the conscious recall -This type of memory refers to the of information, such as facts, unconscious recall of skills, habits, events, and experiences. and conditioned responses. 2 Main Categories of Explicit Memory: 1. Episodic Memory - represents our memory of event and experiences 2. Semantic Memory - structured record of facts, concepts and skills that derived from episodic memory.  NATURE OF MEMORY The essential characteristics of memory are: Input (Encoding) - The process of creating or taking in new information to create a new memory Storage - The process of holding or storing information for later retrieval. Output (Retrieval) - The process of retrieving the stored memory. PROCESSES OF HUMAN MEMORY Memory is a complex process which involves learning, retention, recall and recognition. The process of memorization can be organized as follows; 1. ENCODING/ REGISTRATION This is the first step in memory formation. -It refers to a process to translate the sensory information into a coded form that can be easily stored and reproduced when the need arises. Every bit of information is transformed to engrams and codes for the storage. One can memorize anything using any methods. 2. CONSOLIDATION After encoding, the brain strengthens the memory trace through a process called consolidation, where short-term memories are transformed into more stable long-term memories. PROCESSES OF HUMAN MEMORY 3. STORAGE / RETENTION Once consolidated, memories are stored in various brain regions, depending on their type. This involves long-lasting changes in the strength of synaptic connections, forming what’s called a neural network. It is the power of retention. These are the encoded message. 4. RETRIEVAL Is the process of accessing stored memories when needed. When a memory is retrieved, the brain reactivates the neural pattern that was formed during encoding and consolidated during storage. MODELS OF MEMORY ATKINSON-SHIFFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY These stages were first proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968). In order for a memory to go into storage it has to pass through three distinct stages: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and finally Long- Term Memory.  WHY DO WE FORGET? FIVE THEORIES OF FORGETTING 1. DECAY THEORY -Memory degrades with time, especially if it is not actively used. 2. INTERFERENCE THEORY - One memory competes/interferes with another a. Retroactive Interference (New information overlaps old) b. Proactive Interference (Old information overlaps new) FIVE THEORIES OF FORGETTING FIVE THEORIES OF FORGETTING 3. MOTIVATED FORGETTING - People actively or subconsciously forget unpleasant or bad memories, most likely a coping mechanism 4. ENCODING FAILURE - The information was never inserted or encoded properly into long-term memory in the first place FIVE THEORIES OF FORGETTING 5. RETRIEVAL FAILURE - The memory or information exists but lack the necessary triggers or cues to recall memory. The “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon, where you know you know something but cannot bring it up.  HUMAN MEMORY IN HCI (HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION) HUMAN MEMORY is a pyschological process that enables users to encode, store, and retrieve information when interacting with computer systems and digital interfaces. In the context of HCI, understanding how memory functions Helps designers create interfaces that align with users’ cognitive abilities, enhancing user experience and usability.  THEORIES OF MEMORY E MEMORY TRACE THEORY - According to this theory everything which we encounter or experience is recorded in the form of memory traces. THEORIES OF GENERAL MEMORIES FUNCTION -This theory is a simple theory agreed on by most psychologists. Three distinct processes of memory have been identified.  THEORIES OF MEMORY E INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY This theory was developed by This information recognized Richard Athinson and Richard in the sensory register Shiffrin. According to this maybe passed to short term theory, memory starts with memory. ( 20-30sec ) Some sensory input from environment of the information reaching ( vision, hearing, taste, touch short term memory is and smell) This input is held for processed by being a very brief time for few rehearsed. seconds.  REFERENCES E https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hci-fundamentals-part-2-human-memory- and-thinking/237036172#1 https://www.uobabylon.edu.iq/eprints/publication_3_2776_911.pdf Your paragrhttps://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/memory-249808991/249808991? fbclid=IwY2xjawFntIpleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHY1matZArpmEwhYMnQ_wimHNxLGkTqo5- YCgNoz69FmH4ULX5CZywXwFiA_aem_PNoCZiNmZyBhWXM0LkuurAaph text https://www.slideserve.com/nassor/information-processing-and-memory- powerpoint-ppt-presentation? fbclid=IwY2xjawFnwRBleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHY1matZArpmEwhYMnQ_wimHNxLGkTqo5 -YCgNoz69FmH4ULX5CZywXwFiA_aem_PNoCZiNmZyBhWXM0LkuurA https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/human-memory-46657752/46657752#7 BSIS 3A - GROUP 2 TEAM MEMBERS E Seriemar Arroyo John Christian Benavidez Pamela Mae Cado Hazel Jesalva Member Member Member Leader