Infection Control (PDF)

Rationale for infection control The logic for routinely practicing infection control is to prevent or at least reduce the spread of disease agents in the office  Principles of infection prevention and control are passed upon four Principles: Take action to s...

Rationale for infection control The logic for routinely practicing infection control is to prevent or at least reduce the spread of disease agents in the office  Principles of infection prevention and control are passed upon four Principles: Take action to stay healthy limit the spread of contaminants avoid contact with infectious make objects safe for use materials  Pathways for cross-contamination Designed to prevent or at least reduce the spread of disease agent from the following Patient to dental Patient to Community to team Patient Patient dental team to Dental office to Dental team to Patient community family including the dental teams families  Mode of disease spread Direct contact Droplet infection. Touching with patient`s Contact with the larger droplets in sprays, spatter or aerosols saliva or blood containing microorganisms from the patient`s mouth through nonintact skin or mucosal surfaces ( eye, nose, mouth ) or inhalation Indirect contact Airborne infection Transfer of microorganisms through contact with contaminated * Contact with the smaller droplet nuclei of a size smaller instruments, * surfaces, * or hands. than 5 µm ( aerosol particles ) containing microorganisms.  Routes of entry of microorganisms into the body 1. Inhalation. Breathing aerosol particles generated from dental procedures. 2. Ingestion swallowing droplets of saliva/blood spattered into the mouth. 3. Mucous membranes Droplets of saliva/blood spattered into the eyes, nose, or mouth.  Routes of entry of microorganisms into the body 4. Breaks in the skin. breaks in the skin with sharps: Entry of microorganisms with contaminated sharps onto skin with : ❖ Cuts ❖ Abrasions ❖ or Punctures There are breaks in the skin without sharps usually around fingernails.  Determinants of an infectious disease After microorganisms enter the body, three basic factors determine whether an infectious disease will develop : 1-Virulence ( pathogenic properties ) 2- Dose ( the number of microorganisms that invade the body ) 3- Body resistance ( body defense mechanism ) 𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑋 𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑒 health or disease = 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 health is favored by : low virulence, low dose , and high resistance Disease is favored by : high virulence, high dose, and low resistance. Virulence cannot be changed easily Immunizations are not available against all diseases. thus we can manage effectively the dose  infection control = management of the dose The Goal Of Infection Control Is To Reduce The Dose Of Microorganisms disease prevention = reducing the dose + increasing the resistance  Infection control recommendations recommendations are made by individuals or groups that have no authority for enforcement. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) their first set of dental recommendations was in 1986, with updates in 1993 and in 2003. the CDC does not have the authority to make laws, but many agencies use CDC recommendations to formulate the laws. - web site : www. Cdc.gov  Infection control recommendations Organization for Safety and Asepsis Procedures ( OSAP ) it is the premier infection control education organization in dentistry. it is a not-for profit professional organization composed of dentists, hygienists, assistants, researchers, manufacturers, consultants, and others interested in infection control. web site : www.osap.org  Infection control recommendations The American Dental Association ( ADA ) makes infection control recommendations through its Councils on Scientific Affairs and Dental Practice.  Infection control regulations regulations are made by groups that do have the authority to enforce compliance, usually under the penalty of fines, or revocation of professional licenses. state and local regulations in many fields : waste management, instrument, sterilization, sterilizer spore testing,..  Occupational Safety and Health Administration( OSHA ) Protect The Workers Of America from hazards. this standard is known as the blood-borne pathogens standard , and it is the most important infection control law in dentistry for protection of health care workers. - it indicates that the employer has the responsibility to protect employees from exposure.