INF AM CT1 Prep.pdf

INF AM CT1 Prep Cloud Computing Characteristics – know all the major characteristics: On-demand self-service: Users can provision resources like server time or storage automatically, without human intervention. Broad Network Access: Services are accessible over the network via standard mechanisms...

INF AM CT1 Prep Cloud Computing Characteristics – know all the major characteristics: On-demand self-service: Users can provision resources like server time or storage automatically, without human intervention. Broad Network Access: Services are accessible over the network via standard mechanisms, allowing usage from various (mobile) devices. Resource Pooling: Cloud providers pool computing resources to serve multiple customers, using a multi-tenant model, with di erent physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned based on demand. Rapid Elasticity: Resources can be scaled up or down quickly and e ciently based on user demand, o ering the illusion of infinite resources. Measured Service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability. Resource usage is monitored, controlled and reported for transparency and billing purposes. Virtualization: Cloud computing heavily uses virtualization technology to abstract and pool physical computing resources and distribute them to users as needed. Scalability and Flexibility: The system can scale to accommodate larger workloads or more users, often with minimal e ort from the user. Cost E ciency: Cloud services follow a pay-as-you-go model, allowing users to pay only for the resources they consume, reducing the need for large upfront investments in IT infrastructure. Reliability and Redundancy: Cloud platforms typically o er high availability and redundancy, ensuring minimal downtime and data loss. Cloud Services Considerations: Security: - Data protection (encryption and secure storage). - Compliance with regulations (GDPR, POPIA). - Access control (authentication/authorization). - Data sovereignty (location of stored data). Cost Management: - Transparent pricing and pay-as-you-go. - Scalability to manage costs. - Budgeting tools for tracking expenses. Service Level Agreements (SLAs): - Uptime and performance guarantees. - Support levels (response times, availability). - Compensation for downtime. Compliance and Legal: - Meeting regulatory standards. - Data retention and deletion policies. - Auditability of Services. Data Backup & Recovery: - Automated backups and disaster recovery plans. - Recovery time objectives (RTO). Scalability and Flexibility: - Resource elasticity (scale up/down). - Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud support. - Avoiding vendor lock-in. Performance: - Low latency and high reliability. - E cient resource allocation. Interoperability and Integration: - Compatibility with existing systems. - API support for easy integration. - Cross-platform accessibility. Vendor Reputation and Stability: - Provider’s market position and customer reviews. - Financial stability and long-term viability. Data Transfer and Bandwidth: - Data migration ease and bandwidth costs. - Performance impact of data transfers. Vendor Support and Ecosystem: - Levels of support (24/7 availability). - Strong developer and partner ecosystem.  Deployment types + characteristics: Private Cloud: - Cloud infrastructure dedicated to a single organization, either on-premises or hosted by a third-party provider. Public Cloud: - Cloud services provided over the internet by third-party providers (AWS, MC Azure, Google Cloud). Hybrid Cloud: - Combination of private and public clouds, with data and applications shared between them. Community Cloud: - Cloud infrastructure shared by several organizations with common concerns (e.g. security, compliance, jurisdiction). Key Di erences: Characteristic Private Cloud Public Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud Ownership Single Third-party Mixed (Private + Shared by several organization provider Public) organizations Control Full Control Limited control Flexible control Shared control Security High (exclusive Moderate (shared High for sensitive High, depending infrastructure) infrastructure) data on setup Customization Highly Limited Combines Customizable for Customizable customization customization community needs options Cost High (dedicated Low (pay-per-use, Balanced between Moderate (costs infrastructure) shared) private/public spread) Scalability Limited by Highly scalable Scalable through Moderate organization’s public cloud scalability resources Reasons Cloud Computing is Essential: Cost E ciency - Reduces upfront infrastructure costs by leveraging a pay-as-you-go model. - Lowers operational expense, as organizations do not need to maintain physical hardware. Scalability - Allows for rapid scaling of resources to accommodate changing business needs. - Supports variable workloads, enabling organizations to handle peak demands e ciently. Flexibility and Accessibility - Provides access to applications and data from anywhere with internet connectivity. - Facilitates remote work and collaboration among teams, enhancing productivity. Disaster Recovery - O ers robust backup and recovery solutions, ensuring data integrity. - Enhances business continuity by minimizing downtime during outages or disasters. Automatic Updates and Maintenance - Cloud providers manage system updates, security patches, and maintenance tasks. - Ensures that users have access to the latest features and security enhancements. Collaboration and Sharing - Supports real-time collaboration on documents and projects across teams. - Simplifies file sharing and communication among users, regardless of location. Security - Incorporates advanced security measures, including encryption and access controls. - Centralized security management by cloud providers enhances data protection. Environmental Benefits - Optimizes energy use in data centres, promoting energy e ciency. - Reduces the need for physical hardware, contributing to lower electronic waste. Competitiveness - Provides access to cutting-edge technologies and innovations. - Accelerates development cycles, allowing for quicker product launches. Innovation - Lowers barriers to experimentation, enabling businesses to try new ideas with minimal risk. - Facilitates global reach, allowing companies to expand their services internationally. Business Drivers for Cloud Computing: Cost Reduction: Lower capital and operational expense with pay-as-you-go model. Agility and Speed: Faster deployment of applications and rapid innovation. Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down based on demand. Focus on Core Business: Simplifies IT management, allowing focus on strategic initiatives. Improved Collaboration: Enhances accessibility and real-time communication among teams. Enhanced Security and Compliance: Utilizes robust security measures and helps meet compliance requirements. Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery: Ensures data redundancy and quick recovery from disruptions. Global Reach: Facilitates operations in multiple geographic locations. Innovation and Competitive Advantage: Access to emerging technologies and fosters experimentation. Customer Experience Improvement: Enhances service delivery and enables personalized experiences.  SOAP & REST: SOAP – Simple Object Access Protocol Definition: - SOAP is a protocol used for exchanging structured information in web services, relying on XML for message format. It uses various protocols (HTTP, SMTP) for message transmission. How it Functions: - Message Structure: SOAP messages are XML-based and consist of an envelope (header and body). - Transport Protocols: Typically uses HTTP or SMTP for message transport. - WS-Standards: Supports various standards (WS-Security, WS- ReliabileMessaging) for security, transactions, etc. - Statefulness: Can maintain state across multiple calls, useful for complex operations. REST – Representational State Transfer Definition: - REST is an architectural style for designing networked applications, using standard HTTP methods for communication and typically exchanging data in JSON or XML format. How it Functions: - Resource-Oriented: Everything is treated as a resource, identified by URLs. - HTTP Methods: Utilizes standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to perform operations on resources. - Stateless: Each request from the client contains all the information needed to process the request, ensuring that no client context is stored on the server. - Data Formats: Commonly uses JSON or XML for data representation, with JSON being more lightweight. Feature SOAP REST Protocol Protocol-based Architectural style Message Format XML-Based Typically, JSON or XML Transport Can use multiple protocols Primarily uses HTTP Statefulness Can be stateful Stateless Complexity More complex due to standards Simpler, more straightforward Error Handling Built-in error handling via faults Uses standard HTTP status codes Security Built-in WS-Security Relies on HTTP security (HTTPS) Performance Generally slower due to XML parsing Generally faster, especially with JSON Summary: SOAP is a protocol with strict standards, suited for complex enterprise-level services that require security and reliability. REST is an architectural style that is simpler and more flexible, ideal for web services with a focus scalability and performance. Day 4 Summary – Basic understanding: Web Services: - Software apps that communicate over a network using HTTP. - Types: SOAP (complex, XM:-based) and REST (simple, uses HTTP). Cloud Deployment Models: - Private Cloud: Dedicated to one organization, high control. - Public Cloud: Internet-based, shared resources, cost-e ective. - Hybrid Cloud: Mix of private and public. - Community Cloud: Shared by organizations with similar needs. Cloud Characteristics: - On Demand Self-Service: Users can automatically provision resources. - Broad Network Access: Accessible from anywhere. - Resource Pooling: Shared resources among users. - Rapid Elasticity: Scales with demand. - Measured Service: Pay for what you use. Cloud Security: - Encryption: Data security in transit and at rest. - Access Control: Managing who can access what. - Compliance: Meeting legal and regulatory standards. SOAP vs REST: - SOAP: Protocol, XML-based, for secure, complex services. - REST: Architectural style, simpler, uses standard HTTP and often JSON. APIs and Integration: - API: Defines how software components interact. - Integration: Ensuring di erent systems work together, often via APIs. Backup and Disaster Recovery: - Backup: Regular data copies. - Disaster Recovery: Plans to ensure recovery after failures.