Fetal Dystocia in Animals PDF

Fetal dystocia Normal Parturition= Eutocia  Fetal dystocia Fetal Fetal Abnormal monsters over size 3PPPs  Shistosoma reflexus Extreme ventral curvature of the spine. the head is positioned near the sacrum. The abdominal and thoracic walls are...

Fetal dystocia Normal Parturition= Eutocia  Fetal dystocia Fetal Fetal Abnormal monsters over size 3PPPs  Shistosoma reflexus Extreme ventral curvature of the spine. the head is positioned near the sacrum. The abdominal and thoracic walls are not closed, and the viscera are exposed. Limbs of the affected fetus frequently are rigid because of ankylosis of the joints. Shistosoma reflexus These fetuses presented in dorsal or ventral transverse presentation. Delivery by fetotomy or cesarean section. Vaginal Delivery of a Schistosomus Reflexus by Foetotomy  Persomus elimbus Absence of vertebrae and spinal cord caudal to the thoracic region. The monster has a small flattened deformed pelvis and ankylosed or flexed hind limbs. Persomus elimbus  Fetal anasarca Generalized massive edema in the subcutaneous tissue of the fetus. Emphysematous fetus. The abdominal distension and subcutaneous emphysema due to anaerobic bacteria. Note the corneal opacity which occurs between 24 and 48 hours after death.  Fetal oversize Relative big fetus Absolutely big fetus Most common of dystocia in cattle (Feto-pelvic disproportion) Relative big fetus Absolutely big fetus - Fetus is normal in size - Fetus is considerably big (for - Mother pelvis is small, any mother of the same breed) so it is relatively big in - Mother pelvis is normal relation to its mother Fetal gigantism Relative big fetus Absolutely big fetus  Obstetrical operations (Fetal Dystocia) 1.Traction 2. Correction (Mutation) 3. Fetotomy 4. Caesarean section N.B)No dystocia can be relieved without using one or both of the first two techniques The technique of correction repulsion of the fetus, and pulling of its nearer extremity to the birth canal. Fetotomy is very difficult to carry out in this type of dystocia Traction= Forcible pulling of the fetus 1-Normal 3 p.p.ps. 2-Normal sized fetus. 3-Normal bony and soft birth way. 3- Adequate cervical dilatation. 4-Slippery birth way (either with adequate normal or artificial fetal fluids).  Clean Lubricate Dilate Uterine enema pump Compensatory artificial fetal fluids (AFF) (linseed tea, paraffin oil or Vaseline) introduced in the uterus by use of uterine enema pump or a rubber tube with an attached funnel. uterine enema pump Water bag? Water bag? Forelimb or hind limb ? Fore limb or hind limb ? Differentiation between fore limb and hind limb of fetus before traction. 3 points of fixation and traction (two fore limbs and the head) Moderate alternative traction. Protection perineum of dam during pulling Protection perineum of dam during pulling Rotating the calf will allow the hips to line up better with the pelvis of the cow making delivery of the hips easy. Pulling the calf Normal anterior Normal posterior presentation presentation Normal anterior Normal posterior presentation presentation Delivery of fetuses in caudal presentation should be more rapid (more risk) than that of fetuses in cranial presentation In caudal presentation (delay interference):- 1) the umbilical cord ruptures early. 2) the fetus may become hypoxic and die before the head delivered. N.B) Decision should be made early to a cesarean section if the fetus is alive. In caudal presentation the fetus is first rotated into dorsoiliac position so that the widest portion of the fetal hindpart approaches the widest diameter of the pelvis. Rotation can be accomplished by crossing and twisting the hind limbs. Normal 3PPPs Normal parturition Correction = Mutation Repulsion Rotation Version Traction Requirements for correction 1. Cleaning hindquarter warm water and antiseptic 1. Epidural anesthesia Longitudinal section through the caudal vertebrae of the cow 1.Decrease pelvic sensation. 2.Prevent reflex abdominal contraction (straining). 3.Facilitate Intravaginal manipulations. 4.Repulsion is easy. 5.Fetal fluid retained. 6.Defecation is suspended. 7.The dam stands more quietly. 8.Operator task easy and clean and safe effort and time.  Several areas such as the posterior croup, anus, rectum, vulva, vagina and urethra are desensitized at least for 1 h. epidural anesthesia does not inhibit myometrial contractions. It has no effect on the third stage of labour or uterine involution.  The foal is in a ventro-transverse presentation Normal Abnormal presentation 1. (Transverse)  Abnormal presentation 1. (Transverse) ventral or abdominal 2. Vertical presentation Dog-sitting position Abnormal Position (dorsiliac-dorsopubic) Unilateral carpal Unilateral flexion Shoulder flexion Butt presentation (Anterior longitudinal presentation, dorso-sacral position, bilateral shoulder flexion).  Repulsion use of the operator’s hands and arms is recommended to reduce the risk of uterine rupture. Take care during introduction of metal instruments (Kuhn’s Crutch) into the uterus The uterus may be tightly contracted around the fetus, and repulsion should not be performed. Repelling shoulder by Hand Repelling posterior presentation by Hand  Correction Uni-lateral Shoulder flexion 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Correction of fetal malposture Shoulder flexion Correction of malposture Carpal flexion (stage I) Carpal flexion Stage II Foot Nape Posture upward displacement of one or both extended forelimbs above the extended head. serious impaction and carries a great danger of penetration of the vaginal roof by the foot of the foal.  Correction Uni-lateral hip flexion 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal posterior Breech presentation The degree of engagement of the fetus in the maternal pelvis varies. (engaged or in front or below maternal pelvis) The manipulative procedure For bringing the repel the calf’s perineum retained limbs within forwards and upwards reach. Difficult cases of breech casting the cow and placing her in dorsal recumbency with the hindquarters raised to facilitate correction Breech presentation in Foal Lateral deviated head Correction lateral deviation head Correction of lateral deviated head By using eye hooks and ropes By using mandibular snare  Downward deviated head Vertex position Notice that the head (right) of the foal is longer than that of the calf (left) so Mildto downward manipulation the correct posture is moredeviation difficult in foal. head (Vertex posture) Wryneck lateral or upward deviation of the head when the fetus is dead, and congenital rigid curvature of the neck.(out of reach by hand). N.B) The correction facilitated by casting the cow in lateral recumbency on the side opposite to the direction of the neck flexion.  Downward deviated head caused by traction on the limbs before the head had extended. (Head Breast posture) = Nape or Poll presentation ‫العجل نازل او ساقط فى الضره‬  Downward deviated head ‫انحراف الرأس السفل‬ (‫)الرأس نازلة فى الضرة‬ Correction by hand With cuhns crutch (Breast head posture) = Nape or Poll presentation Casting the cow and placing her in dorsal recumbency may greatly facilitate extension of the fetal head.  Rotation Turning the fetus on its longitudinal axis to bring it from dorsoilial or dorsopubic position to dorsosacral position. Cammerers torsion fork N.B) Partial rotation essential for routine vaginal delivery technique to ensure that the fetal hips enter the maternal pelvis on a diagonal. Anterior presentation , Dorso pubic position Rotation using torsion Fork  Version Turning the fetus on its transverse axis into cranial or caudal presentation. Foal in dorso-transverse Position The foal is in a ventro-transverse presentation In Mare physiological rotation of the fetus from the ventral to the dorsal position in the 1st stage of labor. Ventral or abdominal transverse presentation in foal Dog-sitting position Vertical presentation a foaling mare from which the fetal head and forelimbs protrude and traction has been applied without success  Twins Both fetuses present simultaneously and become impacted in the maternal pelvis Epidural anaesthesia. repulsion on the less advanced fetus, the nearer one is brought into the pelvis and delivered by simple traction.