Physics Past Paper PDF

## ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS - Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. - Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qu...

## ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS - Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. - Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattles current. - AC generator and transformer. ## ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES - Need for displacement current. - Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only). Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. - Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses. ## OPTICS - Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. - Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker's formula. - Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens and a mirror. - Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. - Scattering of light- blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. - Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses. - Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers. - Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens' principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts. - Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' principle. - Interference, Young's double hole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. - Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. - Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. - Polarization, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids. ## DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION - Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation- particle nature of light. - Matter waves- wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained). ## ATOMS AND NUCLEI - Alpha- particle scattering experiments; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. - Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. - Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties, decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion. ## ELECTRONIC DEVICES - Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and semiconductors; semiconductor diode- I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. - Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. - Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). - Transistor as a switch.