Cell Biology Past Paper PDF

GOOD AFTERNOON Learners!  CLASSROOM RULES 1 3 2 Show respect by Be responsible listening to the There should be by completing teacher and to no cross-room the assigned the one...

GOOD AFTERNOON Learners!  CLASSROOM RULES 1 3 2 Show respect by Be responsible listening to the There should be by completing teacher and to no cross-room the assigned the one who is conversations task. talking. during work time.  Find me Instructions: In a 1/4 sheet of paper, identify and list as many words as possible that is in the word search. After compiling your list, be prepared to recite it on the class. F I N D M E S O L U T I O N  ACTIVITY Instructions:  Form 5 groups  Correctly label the following Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells. ACTIVITY Cell Structure and Function Prepared by: Mechelle F. Guzman Learning Objectives K: distinguish eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells according to their distinguishing features; S: identity and label cell organelles in a diagram of both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells accurately; and A: relate how cell organelles work together in real life. CELL Fundamental unit of life  Two Types of Cell Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic cells The cell which has undeveloped nucleus, its genetic material is single circular naked DNA and it lacks double membrane bound cell organelles Eukaryotic Cell A cell that contain a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane- bound organelles. All plants, animals, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes.  ACTIVITY: CELL EXPLORATION  First, from the same group you will work together to research the function of the different structures and organelles of cells from both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and summarize it in the given Manila Paper.  Second, using a Venn Diagrams compare and contrast the two cell types, noting the similarities and differences in their structures.  Present it to the class. You will be given 2 minutes to present. Questions: Q1. What are the major differences of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Q2. Can you identify at least three key features that are present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells? Q3. What is the major function of a nucleus? ORGANELLES MATCH - UP Instructions :  Divide the class into five groups.  Each group will pick an envelope that contains the name of a cell organelle.  As a group, discuss how the organelle you picked is similar to a specific part of an institution, considering its roles and responsibilities. ORGANELLES MATCH - UP Instructions :  You will be identifying the following organelles: Nucleus, Cell Wall, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, and Cell Membrane.  Write a brief explanation (3-5 sentences) on why your assigned organelle is analogous to a particular part of an institution. Be sure to clearly link the function of the organelle to the role it represents in the institution.  Present your explanation to the class. QUIZ TIME!  ASSIGNMENT Instructions :  Research a pre-reviewed research article related to cell structure and functions.  The selected article must focus on one or more of the following structures: Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes  The article can discuss new findings on how these structures interact with each other or contribute to cellular processes such as metabolism, protein synthesis, or cell division.  Write a 2 – 3 paragraph report summarizing your findings. Thank you! Any questions? Good Afternoon Sheine Mae G. Magallanes  Raise your right hand if you want to answer or if you have any concerns. Actively participate during the activities and discussion. Classroom Rules Avoid making unnecessary noices and movements. Respect every person inside the class. Review!  Pick and Match If you had to Based on the choose one snack food that you to quench your had chosen, hungry stomach, where do you which one would think does it you choose and belong to the why? food pyramid?" The Organic Compounds in Living Things Learning Objectives: Today, the students will be able to: a. differentiate the four elements of organic compounds found in living matter; b. illustrate how macromolecules help cells produce and utilize energy through concept map; and c. relate the concept learned about macromolecules in everyday life through short essay.  Create INSTRUCTIONS: and Tell Create a concept map that summarizes the key points including its elements, Group 1: monomers, examples, functions and how CARBOHYDRATES they convert energy to be used by the cell on the specific type of macromolecules Group 2: assigned on each group. PROTEINS While doing the concept map, discuss it simultaneously within your group, as the Group 3: teacher will randomly select a NUCLEIC ACID representative of each group to present in the class. Group 4: LIPIDS  Scenario: Instructions: Maria, a 15-year-old high school student, loves drinking soft drinks, often choosing Read and analyze the scenario them over water throughout the day. She comprehensively. starts her mornings with a can of soda and continues sipping on sugary drinks during lunch, after school, and even while studying late at night. Over time, Maria begins to Question: notice that she feels more tired, struggles to concentrate in class, and frequently How might Maria's frequent experiences headaches. Her soccer coach consumption of soft drinks be also comments on her declining energy contributing to her feelings of during practice. Despite knowing that her tiredness and difficulty soda habit might be affecting her health, concentrating in class? Maria finds it hard to resist the instant energy and taste she craves. QUIZ BOWL  MECHANICS QUIZ BOWL 1. This can be done in by group with the same group during create and tell activity. 2. There is only 15 seconds to process the question and choose the best answer. 3. The card that contains the letter of the answer should be raised according to the “go” signal of the moderator. 4. The team with the highest score wins. 5. In the event of a tie, a tiebreaker round may be used.  A) The presence of nitrogen atoms in their structure. 1. Which characteristic B) The ability of monosaccharide of carbohydrates to rapidly undergo hydrolysis. most directly C) Their ability to form complex influences their role three-dimensional structures. as a quick energy source for cells? D) The presence of peptide bonds linking glucose molecules.  A) The presence of nitrogen atoms in their structure. 1. Which characteristic B) The ability of of carbohydrates monosaccharide to rapidly undergo hydrolysis. most directly influences their role C) Their ability to form complex as a quick energy three-dimensional structures. source for cells? D) The presence of peptide bonds linking glucose molecules. A) They are easily transported across cell membranes due to their solubility. 2. Why are B) Their branched structure allows for rapid polysaccharides like mobilization of glucose during energy starch and glycogen demand. particularly effective C) They form dense, insoluble granules that for energy storage in prevent water loss in cells. plants and animals? D) They directly generate ATP without requiring further breakdown. A) They are easily transported across cell membranes due to their solubility. 2. Why are B) Their branched structure allows for polysaccharides like rapid mobilization of glucose during starch and glycogen energy demand. particularly effective C) They form dense, insoluble granules that for energy storage in prevent water loss in cells. plants and animals? D) They directly generate ATP without requiring further breakdown.  A) The identical side chains in all amino acids allow proteins to uniformly interact with substrates. 3. How does the B) The variety of side chains allows proteins to fold unique structure of into specific shapes necessary for different functions, amino acids such as enzymes catalyzing energy-releasing contribute to the reactions. diverse functions C) The rigid structure of amino acids restricts proteins of proteins in cells? to only structural roles. D) The hydrophobic nature of amino acids enables proteins to dissolve easily in water, aiding in energy storage.  A) The identical side chains in all amino acids allow proteins to uniformly interact with substrates. 3. How does the B) The variety of side chains allows proteins to fold unique structure of into specific shapes necessary for different amino acids functions, such as enzymes catalyzing energy- contribute to the releasing reactions. diverse functions C) The rigid structure of amino acids restricts proteins of proteins in cells? to only structural roles. D) The hydrophobic nature of amino acids enables proteins to dissolve easily in water, aiding in energy storage. A) During short-term fasting when glucose is still present. B) When protein catabolism provides the 4. In which scenario primary source of amino acids for building would the cellular structures. breakdown of C) During anaerobic exercise, where oxygen is proteins for energy limited. be most detrimental to a cell? D) During prolonged starvation when other energy sources are depleted. A) During short-term fasting when glucose is still present. B) When protein catabolism provides the 4. In which scenario primary source of amino acids for building would the cellular structures. breakdown of C) During anaerobic exercise, where oxygen is proteins for energy limited. be most detrimental to a cell? D) During prolonged starvation when other energy sources are depleted.  A) The presence of glucose in their backbone. 5. Which feature of nucleic acids allows B) The sequence of nitrogenous bases that encode information for protein synthesis. them to play a critical role in the C) The ability to directly convert into ATP during storage and cellular respiration. transmission of D) Their high-energy phosphate bonds that genetic information? drive cellular processes.  A) The presence of glucose in their backbone. 5. Which feature of nucleic acids allows B) The sequence of nitrogenous bases that encode information for protein synthesis. them to play a critical role in the C) The ability to directly convert into ATP during storage and cellular respiration. transmission of D) Their high-energy phosphate bonds that genetic information? drive cellular processes.  A) ATP stores genetic information, while DNA and RNA provide energy for cellular processes. B) ATP serves as a direct source of energy for 6. How does ATP, a cellular work, while DNA and RNA primarily store nucleic acid and transmit genetic information. derivative, function C) ATP acts as a structural component of differently from DNA membranes, unlike DNA and RNA. and RNA in cells? D) ATP is involved in long-term energy storage, while DNA and RNA are used immediately.  A) ATP stores genetic information, while DNA and RNA provide energy for cellular processes. B) ATP serves as a direct source of energy for 6. How does ATP, a cellular work, while DNA and RNA primarily nucleic acid store and transmit genetic information. derivative, function C) ATP acts as a structural component of differently from DNA membranes, unlike DNA and RNA. and RNA in cells? D) ATP is involved in long-term energy storage, while DNA and RNA are used immediately. A) Their ability to form peptide bonds with other lipids. 7. Which property of B) Their hydrophilic nature, which allows lipids makes them them to be stored easily in the cytoplasm. particularly well- suited for long-term C) Their high-energy carbon-hydrogen bonds that release a significant amount of energy storage in ATP when oxidized. cells? D) Their solubility in water, which makes them easily mobilized for energy production. A) Their ability to form peptide bonds with other lipids. 7. Which property of B) Their hydrophilic nature, which allows lipids makes them them to be stored easily in the cytoplasm. particularly well- suited for long-term C) Their high-energy carbon-hydrogen bonds that release a significant amount of energy storage in ATP when oxidized. cells? D) Their solubility in water, which makes them easily mobilized for energy production.  A) Lipid metabolism produces more ATP per molecule, 8. Why might a cell making it more efficient during extended periods of choose to energy demand. metabolize lipids B) Lipid metabolism occurs faster than carbohydrate instead of metabolism. carbohydrates under certain C) Lipid metabolism generates water, which helps the cell maintain hydration. conditions? D) Lipids are easier to transport across cell membranes than carbohydrates.  A) Lipid metabolism produces more ATP per 8. Why might a cell molecule, making it more efficient during extended choose to periods of energy demand. metabolize lipids B) Lipid metabolism occurs faster than carbohydrate instead of metabolism. carbohydrates under certain C) Lipid metabolism generates water, which helps the cell maintain hydration. conditions? D) Lipids are easier to transport across cell membranes than carbohydrates. A) Their rigid structure provides mechanical support, essential for ATP production in mitochondria. 9. How does the B) Their amphipathic nature creates a selective structure of barrier, enabling the establishment of proton phospholipids contribute gradients critical for ATP synthesis. to their function in cellular membranes, and C) Their hydrophilic tails facilitate the rapid what energy-related transport of ATP across the membrane. process depends on this function? D) Their ability to form peptide bonds aids in the storage of energy within the membrane. A) Their rigid structure provides mechanical support, essential for ATP production in mitochondria. 9. How does the B) Their amphipathic nature creates a structure of selective barrier, enabling the establishment phospholipids contribute of proton gradients critical for ATP to their function in synthesis. cellular membranes, and C) Their hydrophilic tails facilitate the rapid what energy-related transport of ATP across the membrane. process depends on this function? D) Their ability to form peptide bonds aids in the storage of energy within the membrane.  A) Carbohydrates are solely responsible for energy storage, 10. Given the while lipids and proteins have structural roles, and nucleic interconnected roles of acids only store genetic information. carbohydrates, proteins, B) Proteins catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates and lipids, and nucleic acids lipids into simpler molecules, which are then used to in cellular energy generate ATP that powers cellular processes including DNA metabolism, which replication and protein synthesis. scenario most C) Lipids are broken down to provide immediate energy, accurately depicts their while carbohydrates are used for long-term storage, and integration? nucleic acids facilitate this storage process. D) Nucleic acids directly participate in the generation of ATP by breaking down carbohydrates, while lipids and proteins serve as secondary energy sources.  A) Carbohydrates are solely responsible for energy storage, 10. Given the while lipids and proteins have structural roles, and nucleic interconnected roles of acids only store genetic information. carbohydrates, proteins, B) Proteins catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates lipids, and nucleic acids and lipids into simpler molecules, which are then used to in cellular energy generate ATP that powers cellular processes including metabolism, which DNA replication and protein synthesis. scenario most C) Lipids are broken down to provide immediate energy, accurately depicts their while carbohydrates are used for long-term storage, and integration? nucleic acids facilitate this storage process. D) Nucleic acids directly participate in the generation of ATP by breaking down carbohydrates, while lipids and proteins serve as secondary energy sources.  Questions: Assignment: 1. How do the different categories of carbohydrates (sugars, starches, and fibers) differ in their chemical Read the article about structure and physiological roles in the body? “Carbohydrates” by Joanne Slavin and Justin Carlson, and let them answer the following guide questions. 2. What is the significance of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) and the adequate intake (AI) values set by the Institute of Medicine for carbohydrates and dietary fiber, and how do these Link of the article: recommendations impact dietary choices? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti cles/PMC4224210/ 3. In what ways do recent research findings challenge common misconceptions about the relationship between carbohydrate intake, weight management, and chronic disease risk?  Submission Details: Format: The answer should be written in the big Assignment: notebook. Read the article about Due Date: Next meeting “Carbohydrates” by Joanne Slavin and Justin Carlson, and let them answer the following guide questions. Rubrics Link of the article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti cles/PMC4224210/ Thank You!  HELLO STUDENTS Classroom Rules: L - Listen E - Engage in Learning A - Actively Participate R - Respect others N - No Shouting, raise your hand to answer  Let’s have Pun! Instructions: Guess the Gibberish words/phrases to identify the correct word. Pro face Prophase Sight Oh Key Knee Sis Cytokinesis My Toe Siss Mitosis Sell They Vision Cell Division Tell Low Face Telophase CELL DIVISION Objectives a. differentiate mitosis and meiosis; b. arrange the puzzle pieces that related to the phases of mitosis and meiosis; c. relate the importance of cell division by expressing how it contributes to real-life through oral discussion.  Puzzle pieces  Divide the class into five groups.  Arrange the pieces of paper in the correct order of the stages for both mitosis and meiosis, and level each phases accordingly.  Use glue or scotch tape to paste the pictures in manila paper.  Once completed, present your output to the class, explaining the sequence and significance of each stage in the cell Instructions: Read and analyze the scenario comprehensively. Copy and answer in your Big blue notebook. Scenario: A young lizard was playing near a bush when a predator attacked. In defense, the lizard's tail detached, allowing it to escape. Over the next few weeks, the lizard’s tail begins to regenerate, slowly growing back to its original size. Questions: 1. How does cell division, specifically mitosis, play a role in the regeneration of the lizard's tail after it was cut off? 2.If the lizard's tail regeneration involves mitosis, how might the rate of cell division be regulated to ensure the tail grows back to the correct size and shape, and what could happen if this regulation fails? Comparing Mitosis and Miosis Directions: Determine whether the following < characteristics apply to Mitosis, Meiosis, or both by putting a check in the appropriate column. Write your answer in your Big blue notebook.  Characteristics Mitosis Meiosis Two division Four daughter cells produced Associated with asexual reproduction Associated with sexual reproduction One division Two daughter cells produced Involves duplication of chromosomes Chromosomes number is maintained Chromosomes number is halved Daughter cells are identical to parent cells Daughter cells are not identical to parent cells Produced gametes Process occurs in body cells Process occurs in reproductive organs  Ambagan Quiz Mechanics  Students will be group into five groups, same groups in your puzzle pieces group activity.  Brainstorming, teamwork and unity is the key.  10 minutes allotted time will be given.  1 item per student’s turn.  SCORE OF ONE, SCORE OF ALL (per group)  Assignment:  Read the article entitled "The Impact of Mitotic Errors on Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis“ Author: Michelle S. Levine and Andrew J. Holland Instructions: Read the article thoroughly, focusing on the causes of mitotic errors and their contribution to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer development.  Write your insight about the research article and it should be 1 paragraph only that compose of 3-5 sentence just paying close attention to the mechanisms discussed and their implications for cancer research and treatment.  Answer the following question 3-5 sentence only. Write it on A4 paper.  Assignment: Questions: 1.How do mitotic errors contribute to the initiation and progression of tumors at the cellular level? 2. What strategies could be used to prevent mitotic errors in cancer cells without disrupting normal cell division? 3. Evaluate the potential risks and benefits of targeting mitotic errors as a therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. Thank You  GOOD AFTERNOON CLASS!  Mateo 11:28 Lumapit kayo sa akin, kayong lahat na nahihirapan at lubhang nabibigatan sa inyong pasanin, at kayo'y bibigyan ko ng kapahingahan. CLASSROOM RULES Be ready to listen and to learn. Be respectful treat others the way you want to be treated. Be responsible make good choices.  REVIEW What are the 4 Macromolecules that our body needed? What are the elements that are common in the 4 Macromolecules?  "PINOY HENYO" Instruction: One representative from the group asks different questions to his/her groupmates to be able to guess the correct word. The groupmates should answer, "OO," or "HINDI" or "PWEDE" only to the questions. The group that gives the correct word in a minimal time would be the winning group. The category is related to cell and molecular biology and numbers. You only have 1 minute to guess the 2 words. “The Cell Cycle”  At the end of 60-minute session, the students will be able to: a.) Explain a diagram of a cycle. b.) Describe the interphase and its three sub-stages. c.) Recognize the importance of cell cycle in our daily living.  Think-Pair-Share Think: Reflect on what a "cycle" is and think of a life cycle example, like that of a frog. Pair: Choose your partner and discuss your ideas with a partner, sharing your thoughts and examples. Share: Be ready to share your ideas with the class. Two volunteers will present their examples. Write your name in a ¼ sheet of paper with your chosen life cycle.  JIGSAW ACTIVITY You will be divided into 10 groups. In 5 minutes, your task is to research your assigned phase/topic, focusing on the key processes and importance of that stage. You can use notebook or paper to put all the important information. Discuss within your group to ensure everyone has a clear understanding. Prepare a concise explanation that can be easily understood by others. After 5 minutes, two members from each group will be reassigned to different groups. One member will remain in the original group to present your topic to the others in just 1 minute.  JIGSAW ACTIVITY The reassigned members should take notes on the importance of each stage presented. After 1 minute of discussion, the two members will rotate to the next group. After all presentations, return to your original group. In 5 minutes, discuss and compile the information you gathered on the entire cell cycle onto a manila paper. You can also make a diagram. You will have 1 minute to present your final output to the class. Assigned Topics: Group 1: Interphase (G0 phase) Group 2: Interphase (G1 phase) Group 3: Interphase (S phase) Group 4: Interphase (G2 phase) Group 5: Mitosis (Prophase) Group 6: Mitosis (Metaphase) Group 7: Mitosis (Anaphase) Group 8: Mitosis (Telophase) Group 9: Cytokinesis Group 10: Checkpoints in the Cell Cycle RUBRICS FOR JIGSAW  Guide Questions How many phases are in the cell cycle as shown in the diagram? What is the purpose of Gap 2 in the cells growth? Based on the diagram, explain briefly why does a cell cycle follow a certain phase?  CELL CYCLE Cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. Two Stages of Cell Cycle 1. Interphase 2. Mitotic phase or Cell Division  Application Why do you think the cell cycle is important for our bodies? How could understanding the cell cycle help in treating illnesses?  QUIZ TIME! Get 1 half crosswise and answer the following. Describe the given word and explain its process. 1. G1 (first gap) 2. S (synthesis of new DNA ) 3. G2 phases (second gap) RUBRICS FOR WRITING SHORT ESSAY  Agreement There will be no written assignment today. Instead, please take some time to study Cell Division on your own. Focus on grasping the key concepts, particularly the differences between mitosis and meiosis and why they matter.