BDG 21102 Occupational Health - Chemical Management Program - Part 1 PDF

BDG 21102 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CHAPTER 1: CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM – PART 1 By SHAFAWI BIN ISMAIL FELO INDUSTRI Learning Outcomes At the end of this course the students will be able to: 1. Identify the roles and responsibilities of...

BDG 21102 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CHAPTER 1: CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM – PART 1 By SHAFAWI BIN ISMAIL FELO INDUSTRI Learning Outcomes At the end of this course the students will be able to: 1. Identify the roles and responsibilities of employers and employees in maintaining a safe work environment when handling hazardous chemicals. 2. Understand the role and key components of Safety Data Sheets (SDS) in ensuring safe chemical handling and how to use them in compliance with regulations, and 3. Understand the legal requirements and best practices for proper labelling and packaging of hazardous chemicals to ensure safety. Contents 1. Overview of legal and other requirements 2. Chemical Register & Inventory 3. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 4. Labelling of Hazardous Chemicals 5. Packaging Introduction Link: https://youtu.be/Hvt4sJwrMCQ What is Chemicals? A chemical is either an element or a compound of elements existing in the surrounding environment. Chemicals come in different physical properties Introduction Naturally occurring Chemical Supplied chemical Generated chemical during work process Introduction Common Chemicals presence in O&G Naturally occurring: Benzene & its family, Mercury (Hg) Condensate Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) Purchased & used Acids, standards, reagent etc. n-Hexane, solvents Water treatment chemicals Intermediate or generated during activities Welding fumes Carbon monoxide (CO) dust Introduction Chemical’s Routes of Entry 1. Overview of Legal and Other Requirements 1. Overview of Legal and Other Requirements CLASS Regulations (2013) 1. CLASS: Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Labelling, and Safety Data Sheet of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations 2013 under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514). 2. Purpose: Ensure proper classification, labelling, and availability of Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for hazardous chemicals in the workplace. 3. Key Requirements: Classification of Chemicals: Chemicals must be classified based on their physical hazards, health hazards, and environmental hazards using the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)​ Hazard Communication: Employers must communicate the hazards of chemicals through proper labelling and the provision of SDS​ 1. Overview of Legal and Other Requirements CLASS Regulations (2013) 4. Labelling: All containers of hazardous chemicals must have: Pictograms showing hazard symbols. Signal Words like "Danger" or "Warning" to indicate severity. Hazard Statements describing the nature and degree of hazard. Precautionary Statements providing guidance on safe handling​ 5. Safety Data Sheet (SDS): Must be provided for every hazardous chemical used in the workplace. SDS should be up to date and include sections on identification, hazard information, first-aid measures, handling and storage, disposal, etc.​ (16 sections) These regulations ensure that workers are properly informed about chemical hazards and can take necessary precautions for safety. 1. Overview of Legal and Other Requirements USECHH Regulations (2000) 1. USECHH: Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000 under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514)​ 2. Purpose: Protect employees from risks associated with hazardous chemicals at the workplace. 3. Key Requirements: Chemical Register: Employers must maintain a register of all chemicals hazardous to health, including relevant SDS and supplier information​ Risk Assessments: Mandatory risk assessments for chemical exposure, including procedures, hazard identification, and exposure levels​ Permissible Exposure Limits: Employers must ensure that chemical exposure does not exceed ceiling limits and time-weighted averages 1. Overview of Legal and Other Requirements USECHH Regulations 2000 4. Control Measures: Hierarchy of Controls: Eliminate hazardous chemicals, substitute with less hazardous ones, or apply engineering controls like local exhaust ventilation​. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Provide and ensure the use of approved PPE if other control measures are insufficient​. Health Surveillance: Regular health monitoring for workers exposed to certain hazardous chemicals, as specified in the regulations​ 5. Information & Training: Employers must provide workers with information, instructions, and training on handling hazardous chemicals safely​ SDS must be accessible and updated to reflect the latest safety information​ 1. Overview of Legal and Other Requirements Others Requirement; Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards (CIMAH) Regulations 1996 Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) ISO 45001: Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems ISO 14001: Environmental Management Systems 2. Chemical Register and Inventory 2.1 Chemical Register A chemical register is a comprehensive list of all hazardous chemicals used, stored, or produced in a workplace. It serves as a record for tracking hazardous substances and ensures compliance with regulatory requirements such as the Occupational Safety and Health (USECHH) Regulations 2000​. The register helps in identifying potential risks and is essential for ensuring the safety of workers who may be exposed to these chemicals. 2. Chemical Register and Inventory 2.1 Chemical Register Key Components of a Chemical Register: 1. List of Hazardous Chemicals: A full list of all hazardous chemicals present in the workplace, including those used in processes or stored for future use. 2. Chemical Identification: Chemical name, CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) number, and product identifier. Classification of the chemical (e.g., toxic, corrosive, flammable, etc.). 3. Quantities: The average quantity of each chemical stored or used over a specific period (monthly or yearly). 4. Location and Usage: Specific areas or processes where the chemical is used, stored, or handled. This helps in tracking potential exposure points within the facility. 2. Chemical Register and Inventory 2.1 Chemical Register Key Components of a Chemical Register: 5. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Availability: Indication of whether a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is available for the chemical. An SDS provides essential safety information on handling, storage, first-aid, and emergency procedures​. 6. Supplier Information: Name, address, and contact details of the chemical supplier or manufacturer. This helps in tracing chemical origins and obtaining updated information when necessary. 7. Date of Last Review/Update: Chemical registers must be regularly updated, often every six months or as chemicals are introduced, discontinued, or modified​. ATTACHMENT: CHEMICAL REGISTER FORMAT ATTACHMENT: CHEMICAL REGISTER FORMAT 2. Chemical Register and Inventory 2.2 Chemical Inventory A chemical inventory provides a detailed record of hazardous chemicals stored or used, focusing on chemicals that are produced, imported, or handled in large quantities (e.g., more than 1 metric ton per year)​. It typically focuses on the procurement and distribution of chemicals and is required for compliance with regulatory agencies such as the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) in Malaysia. 2. Chemical Register and Inventory 2.2 Chemical Inventory A chemical inventory provides a detailed record of hazardous chemicals stored or used, focusing on chemicals that are produced, imported, or handled in large quantities (e.g., more than 1 metric ton per year)​. It typically focuses on the procurement and distribution of chemicals and is required for compliance with regulatory agencies such as the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) in Malaysia. 2. Chemical Register and Inventory Key Components of a Chemical Inventory: 1. Product Identifier: Name or number used to identify a hazardous chemical in its specific context i.e. product code or chemical name. 2. Composition and Ingredients: Details of chemical composition, including information about any hazardous ingredients and their concentrations. 3. Hazard Classification: Classification based on physical, health, and environmental hazards, as per Globally Harmonized System (GHS) or national standards like CLASS 2013​. 4. Total Quantity: The total amount of each hazardous chemical imported, produced, or used in the workplace over a specific period (e.g., per year). 5. Regulatory Compliance: Compliance with national safety regulations, including thresholds for reporting chemicals (e.g., 1 metric tonne/year for Malaysian operations​). 6. Supplier Information: Detailed information about the chemical supplier or manufacturer, similar to the chemical register, but with a focus on ensuring supply chain transparency. 3. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Link: https://youtu.be/8queMM7VVfw A safety data sheet (SDS) is the primary source of chemical information needed to enable the safe handling, storage and emergency response of hazardous chemicals used at work. SDSs language shall be in both English and the local country national language. The Safety Data Sheets shall be kept and maintained, by an assigned custodian, within a Chemical Register. A copy of the SDS shall be kept nearby where the chemical is stored or frequently used. All SDSs shall be reviewed: 1. When there is a change in the formulation, hazard classification, physical form or property of hazardous chemical, effecting its risk of exposure to workers. 2. When new information on a particular hazardous chemical substance or ingredient becomes available. 3. every 5 years. 3. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 4. Labelling of Hazardous Chemicals 4. Labelling of Hazardous Chemicals Hazard Pictograms & Chemical Label Format 4. Labelling of Hazardous Chemicals Re-labelling Where a hazardous chemical is transferred to a secondary container, other than the originally supplied container: 1. If transfer is permanent (beyond the same work shift), the secondary container shall be labelled same as the original container label. 2. If contents are used within the same work shift or within a testing chemical laboratory, the secondary container shall be labelled, at minimum, with the chemical or trade name of the original container label. 3. If used immediately, the secondary container need not be labelled. 5. Packaging Proper packaging of chemicals is essential for several critical reasons, primarily focusing on safety, compliance, and environmental protection. The packaging ensures that hazardous chemicals are handled, transported, and stored in a manner that minimizes the risk of exposure, accidents, or environmental contamination. 5. Packaging The main reasons why chemical containers shall packed properly; 1. Prevents Leaks, Spills, and Contamination 2. Protects Workers and Handlers 3. Ensures Regulatory Compliance 4. Prevents Chemical Reactions and Cross-Contamination 5. Facilitates Safe Transportation 6. Minimizes Environmental Impact 7. Supports Emergency Response Proper packaging is a fundamental aspect of chemical management, ensuring safety during handling, transportation, and storage. It plays a crucial role in protecting human health, preventing environmental contamination, and ensuring compliance with legal standards. Ensuring that hazardous chemicals are packaged appropriately reduces the likelihood of accidents, injuries, and environmental damage. Terima kasih  BDG 21102 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CHAPTER 2: CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM – PART 2 By SHAFAWI BIN ISMAIL FELO INDUSTRI Learning Outcomes At the end of this course the students will be able to: 1. Gain knowledge of the risk assessment process for hazardous chemicals in the workplace. 2. Understand the methods and tools used for monitoring employee exposure to hazardous chemicals, and 3. Comprehend the importance of health surveillance programs and medical removal protection for workers exposed to chemicals. Contents 1. Risk Assessment 2. Exposure Monitoring Method of Monitoring Exposure Limits Data Analysis & Exposure Monitoring Report 3. Health Surveillance Medical removal Protection 1. Risk Assessment Risk of exposure to chemicals hazardous to health are assessed and managed via a Health Risk Assessment in efforts to prevent adverse ill-health effects of employees. Employees should not carry out work which may expose them to any chemicals hazardous to health unless an assessment of health risk has been carried out. A Health Risk Assessment (HRA) shall be carried out in accordance to Health Risk Assessment requirements and local country regulations. Health Effect - Benzene Health Effect - Lead - 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.1 Introduction to Exposure Monitoring a) What is Exposure Monitoring? Exposure Monitoring refers to the process of measuring or estimating the concentration of hazardous chemicals in the workplace environment to assess worker exposure. It is a key component of chemical management programs and helps ensure compliance with exposure limits. b) Why is it Important? Protects workers from harmful chemical exposure. Ensures compliance with regulations like USECHH 2000. Aids in assessing the effectiveness of control measures in place. 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.2 Methods of Exposure Monitoring a) Air Sampling: Measures the concentration of hazardous chemicals in the air. Methods include personal air sampling (worker-specific exposure) and area air sampling (general workplace air quality). 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.2 Methods of Exposure Monitoring (cont.) b) Biological Monitoring: Assesses the levels of chemicals or their metabolites in biological samples such as blood, urine, or breath. Useful for chemicals absorbed through the skin or ingested. 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.2 Methods of Exposure Monitoring (cont.) c) Direct-Reading Instruments: Real-time monitoring devices that provide immediate feedback on chemical concentrations in the environment. Examples: Gas detectors, dust meters, or photoionization detectors. 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.3 Factors to Consider in Exposure Monitoring 1) Exposure Duration: The length of time workers are exposed to a chemical. Monitoring should cover all shifts and work processes. 2) Exposure Routes: Focus on inhalation, dermal absorption, and ingestion routes depending on the chemical's properties. 3) Frequency of Monitoring: Regular monitoring is required in high-risk areas or when new chemicals are introduced. Periodic monitoring ensures continued safety and compliance with regulatory requirements​. 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.4 Exposure Limits and Guidelines a) Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs): OELs are regulatory limits on the concentration of hazardous chemicals in workplace air. Examples include: Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL): Regulatory limits set by OSHA. Threshold Limit Values (TLVs): Established by ACGIH, often more stringent. b) Types of Exposure Limits: Time-Weighted Average (TWA): Average exposure over an 8-hour workday. Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL): Maximum exposure allowed over a 15-minute period. Ceiling Limit: The concentration that must not be exceeded at any time. c) USECHH Regulations: Sets out permissible limits for hazardous chemicals in Malaysian workplaces​ 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.5 Exposure Limits Application i. Chemical-Specific Limits: Each hazardous chemical has specific exposure limits, based on its toxicity and potential health effects. ii. Managing Exposure: Control measures must ensure that exposure remains below these regulatory limits. If limits are exceeded, immediate action is required (e.g., improving ventilation, providing PPE). iii. Exposure Monitoring Reporting: Data collected from monitoring activities should be documented in Exposure Monitoring Reports, which detail compliance with exposure limits and outline corrective actions if necessary. 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.6 Data Analysis in Exposure Monitoring a) Analyzing Exposure Data: Data collected from monitoring (air samples, biological monitoring) is compared to regulatory limits (e.g., TLVs, PELs). b) Tools for Data Analysis: Statistical Analysis: Evaluate whether the results are within acceptable ranges or if further action is needed. Trend Analysis: Identify patterns of high exposure over time, which could indicate process inefficiencies or equipment failure. c) Documenting Findings: The results of the analysis should be clearly documented in a Monitoring Report, specifying areas of concern and recommendations for improving workplace safety​ 2. Exposure Monitoring 2.7 Exposure Monitoring Report & Action Plan ❑ Creating an Exposure Monitoring Report: Includes information on the methods used, chemicals monitored, results obtained, and comparison to regulatory limits. Should be reviewed regularly and updated whenever new chemicals are introduced or processes change. ❑ Action Plan (RAP): Based on the analysis, an action plan is developed to address areas where exposure exceeds permissible limits. This plan may include improvements to engineering controls (ventilation), process changes, enhanced PPE, and worker training. ❑ Continuous Monitoring: Regular reviews and updates ensure ongoing compliance and protection of worker health. Reports should be shared with all relevant stakeholders, including workers, management, and safety personnel. 3. Health Surveillance Link: https://youtu.be/mW5paQQFyn8 3.1 Introduction to Health Surveillance a) What is Health Surveillance? means any examination and investigations which may be necessary to detect exposure levels and early biological effects and responses, and includes biological monitoring, biological effect monitoring, medical surveillance, enquiries about symptoms of occupational poisoning or occupational disease and review of records and occupational history (USECHH 2000). aims to detect, at an early stage, workers absorbance of chemicals hazardous to health, and stop further exposures by removal of worker from the hazard when necessary. b) Objective: Identify adverse health effects early and implement preventive measures. Ensure compliance with legal requirements for managing worker health and safety​ 3. Health Surveillance 3.2 Purpose and Scope of Health Surveillance 1) Why is Health Surveillance Important? Helps in the early detection of occupational illnesses, reducing long-term health impacts. Provides data to evaluate workplace exposure controls and improve safety measures​. 2) Who Requires Health Surveillance? Workers regularly exposed to chemicals hazardous to health, such as carcinogens, toxins, or respiratory sensitizers. Employees identified during the Risk Assessment process as having potential exposure above regulatory limits​. 3. Health Surveillance 3.3 Key Components of Health Surveillance i. Health Monitoring Programs: Pre-employment Screening: Ensures workers are fit for roles that involve exposure to hazardous substances. Periodic Medical Examinations: Regular health checks to monitor the effects of chemical exposure on workers. Biological Monitoring: Analysis of biological samples (e.g., blood, urine) to detect chemical levels in the body​. ii. Record Keeping: Employers are required to keep detailed records of surveillance results for at least 30 years to track trends and assess long-term impacts​ 3. Health Surveillance 3.4 Medical Removal Protection 1) What is Medical Removal Protection? A process that involves removing workers from exposure to hazardous chemicals if medical surveillance shows adverse health effects​.(.. shall not permit a pregnant employee or breastfeeding employee to be engaged in,…USECHH 2000) 2) Key Elements: Temporary or Permanent Removal: Workers may be temporarily removed from hazardous work environments for medical reasons. In severe cases, permanent reassignment may be necessary​. Protection of Worker Rights: Workers removed for medical reasons must retain their pay, benefits, and job security during the removal period​. 3. Health Surveillance 3.5 Regulatory Requirements and Employer Responsibilities a) Legal Obligations: USECHH 2000 requires employers to conduct health surveillance and provide medical removal protection if workers are exposed to certain chemicals beyond permissible levels​. b) Employer Responsibilities: Provide Health Surveillance: Employers must ensure regular health checks for workers handling hazardous chemicals. Implement Medical Removal: If workers show symptoms of chemical exposure, employers must remove them from further exposure and provide medical treatment​. c) Worker Awareness: Employees should be informed of the surveillance process and their rights regarding medical removal protection​. Terima kasih  BDG 21102 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CHAPTER 3: CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM – PART 3 By SHAFAWI BIN ISMAIL FELO INDUSTRI Learning Outcomes At the end of this course the students will be able to: 1. Learn the Hierarchy of Controls for minimizing chemical exposure risks, including Elimination, Substitution, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, and PPE. 2. Understand the appropriate selection, usage, and maintenance of PPE to ensure protection against chemical hazards, and 3. Gain knowledge of Hazardous Waste Management procedures, ensuring compliance with regulations for the safe disposal of chemical waste and preventing environmental contamination. Contents 1. Controls and Recovery Measures Hierarchy of Controls Engineering Control - Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) Personal Protective Equipment Recovery Measures 2. Storage - Temporary/Outdoor Storage & Compatibility 3. Hazardous Waste Management 1. Control & Recovery Measures - Elimination Technical - Substitution Control & Recovery Measures - Isolation - Engineering Control - Administration - PPE Shift manning Job rescheduling Medical Removal Organizational Warning Sign Training Document Emergency Response Measures/Plan in place in case of Preparedness existing controls fail 1. Control & Recovery Measures 1.1 Hierarchy of Controls Where existing controls are reviewed and assessed, or where new controls are being considered, evaluation will consist of going through the hierarchy of controls, which comprises of the following: i. elimination of the hazard ii. substitution of the hazard iii. isolation/enclosure of hazards iv. engineering controls v. administrative a. safe systems of work b. procedures and guidelines c. training d. personal hygiene & housekeeping vi. personal protective equipment 1. Control & Recovery Measures 1.2 Engineering Control Engineering controls includes adjustment of plant or process parameters to reduce the generation or physical form of hazardous chemicals emitted, aimed at reducing workers exposure. Engineering control include equipment that force ventilation e.g. local exhaust ventilation (LEV). a. Local Exhaust Ventilation Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is commonly used to control airborne emission of chemicals close to the point of release e.g. fume hoods, suctions hoods, spray booths etc. Local Exhaust Ventilation 1. Control & Recovery Measures 1.2 Engineering Control (others) i. Totally enclosed process and handling systems. Examples of equipment used to contain products are mechanical seals, Dopak sampling systems; ii. Plant or processes which minimize generation of, or suppress or contain, the hazardous dust, fume, etc. and which limit the area of contamination in the event of spills and leaks. Examples are temperature controllers, pressure valves, bunding and enclosed draining systems; iii. Enclosure with local exhaust ventilation, examples are fume cupboards, tipping cabinets, with filters or scrubbers; iv. General ventilation. 1. Control & Recovery Measures 1.3 Personal Protective Equipment Link: https://youtu.be/24RJBf2nrtc When it is not feasible to control the risks by other levels of control hierarchy, PPE (either on its own or in combination with other controls), may be used as a control option to minimize personal exposure. Where PPE has been identified within a HRA as a means to control exposure to chemicals hazardous to health, employer shall effectively communicate this requirement to designated wearers as well as establish and implement a PPE Program covering the issuance, maintenance, inspection and training on the use of PPE. For hazardous chemicals, the following categories of PPE apply: i. Eye Protection ii. Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) iii. Chemical Protective Gloves iv. Chemical Protective Clothing v. Foot Protection 1. Control & Recovery Measures 1.3 Personal Protective Equipment – Legal Requirement Hand protection Eye & Face protection Additional precautionary Last defence defence used protection Refer USECHH Basic PPE together with other control measures Respiratory Protection Body Protection USECHH 2000, Regulation 16 (3); The approved PPE provided to employees pursuant to sub- regulation (1) shall: (a) be suitable to the type of work in which they are employed; (b) Fit to the employees; (c) Not adversely affect the health or medical condition of the employees; and (d) Be in sufficient supply and readily available to employees who require it. 1. Control & Recovery Measures 1.3 Personal Protective Equipment - Maintenance Do not share PPE unless there is an exemption by management Inspect PPEs periodically on certain items Do not use contaminated or Clean your PPE after each use damaged PPE Store your PPE’s in your Change your PPE as per the respective lockers or provided manufacturer recommendation space 1. Control & Recovery Measures 1.3 Personal Protective Equipment – Air Purifying & Supply Air Respirator Air Purifying Respirators (APR) CANNOT be used: 1. If oxygen-deficient atmosphere