Active Transport Worksheet PDF

Name:_______________________________________________________________ Date: ____________________ Active Transport Worksheet 1. The difference between active and passive transport is that active transport requires _______________...

Name:_______________________________________________________________ Date: ____________________ Active Transport Worksheet 1. The difference between active and passive transport is that active transport requires _______________________, energy while passive transport does not. 2. Define Active Transport: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Molecules move through a transport protein but this time the molecules are moving against the concentration gradeint and energy is used ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________ 3. Do molecules crossing a membrane using active transport go WITH or AGAINST the concentration gradient? ________________________ against 4. Molecules crossing a membrane using active transport go from _____________ low concentration to _____________ high concentration. 5. What type of energy is needed for active transport? _________________ ATP 6. The prefix exo- means “out of” and the prefix endo- means “taking in”. How do these meanings relate to the meaning of exocytosis and endocytosis? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Exocytosis means that large molecules are being taken "out of" the cell, while endocytosis large molecules are being "taken in". ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Define Endocytosis: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Large molecules outside the cell are being taken in. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Draw a picture of endocytosis: Gets pulled in because of cell related causes Cell 8. Define Exocytosis:Large molecules get taken out of the cell ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Draw a picture of exocytosis: Waste excreted in a vesicle Cell 9. Which of the following is a form of active transport? (circle one) facilitated diffusion diffusion endocytosis osmosis 10. What is the difference between active transport and passive transport (diffusion & osmosis)? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Active transport uses energy while passive transport doesn't. Furthermore, active transport moves against the _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ concentration gradient and passive transport moves along with the concentration gradient. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A B 11. What process is shown in Figure A? _____________________________ Endocytosis 12. What process is shown in Figure B? _____________________________ Exocytosis 13. An amoeba engulfs a particle of food. Does this require energy?______________________________ Yes Is this active or passive transport? _______________________ Active Is this endocytosis or exocytosis? ________________________ Endocytosis Is this Phagocytosis or Pinocystosis? _____________________ Phagocytosis 14. An amoeba expels waste. Does this require energy?_______________________ Yes Is this active or passive transport? __________________ Active Is this endocytosis or exocytosis? __________________ Exocytosis 15. Do you think that endocytosis and exocytosis can occur within the same cell? Explain your reasoning. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yes, because a cell inorder to live is required to take in nutrients(endocytosis) and required to excrete waste(exocytosis). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. If the transport proteins that carry amino acids into a cell stopped working, how might the process affect the cell? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then the cell would die as it wouldn't be able to create proteins, as amino acids are required to make proteins and ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ proteins are important to the cell inorder to live. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17. Fill in the T-Chart comparing and contrasting active and passive transport: Active Transport Passive Transport Uses energy Doesn't use energy Against concentration gradient along with the concentration gradient Require carrier proteins Doesn't require carrier proteins Maintains homeostasis Maintains homeostasis Moves substances in and out of the cell Moves substances in and out of the cell  Cellular Transport Review OSMOSIS Label the pictures below​ ( isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic environments) ​_________________ Hypotonic __________________ hypertonic _________________ isotonic __________tonic Hyper means there is a GREATER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __________ Hypo tonic means there is a LOWER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __________tonic Iso means there is the SAME concentration of solute molecules outside the cell as inside. The pressure inside a plant cell caused by water pushing against the cell wall is called ___________________ Osmotic pressure. The SWELLING AND BURSTING of animal cells when water enters is called _________________________. cytolysis This happens when a cell is placed in a _________tonic hypo solution. Placing plant cells in a HYPOTONIC solution causes the osmotic pressure to _______________. increase increase decrease The SHRINKING of plant cells when water leaves so the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall is called __________________________. plasmolysis It happens when a plant cell is placed into hyper __________tonic solution. When water leaves a plant cell, the osmotic pressure will ___________________. decrease i​ ncrease decrease 1  The shrinking of ANIMAL cells that are placed in a HYPERTONIC solution is called ______________________. plasmolysis Cells stay the same size when placed in an iso ________tonic solution because the amount of water leaving the cell is the same and the amount of water entering. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * MULTIPLE CHOICE​: Circle the answer(s) that best completes the sentence. The substance that dissolves to make a solution is called the ___________________ solute A. diffuser B. solvent C. solute D. concentrate During diffusion molecules tend to move _____________________ down the concentration gradient A. up the concentration gradient B. down the concentration gradient C. from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration D. in a direction that doesn’t depend on concentration When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system, the system has reached equilibrium __________________. A. maximum concentration B. homeostasis C. osmotic pressure D. equilibrium The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ________________. osmosis A. active transport B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. phagocytosis Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis are all kinds of _______________ active transport. A. active B. passive Glucose enters cells most rapidly by facilitated _________________ diffusion A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. ion channels D. phagocytosis 2 Energy for active transport comes from a cell’s ___________________. mitochondria A. Golgi complex B. nucleus C. mitochondria D. lysosomes ________________ Active transport requires energy from ATP to move substances across membranes. A. Passive B. Active A cell must expend energy to transport substances using ________________. Endocytosis A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. ion channels D. osmosis E. endocytosis White blood cells engulf, digest, and destroy invading bacteria using __________________. phagocytosis A. Facilitated diffusion B. pinocytosis C. phagocytosis D. osmosis The carrier proteins that help in facilitated diffusion are integral _______________ proteins. A. peripheral B. integral All of the following are kinds of passive transport EXCEPT ________________________ phagocytosis A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. phagocytosis E. ion channels pinocytosis Endocytosis that brings in small dissolved molecules (solutes) and fluids is called ___________________. A. pinocytosis B. phagocytosis C. facilitated diffusion D. osmosis Golgi bodies use ____________________ phagocytosis to transport molecules out of cells. A. ion channels B. phagocytosis C. pinocytosis D. exocytosis 3 The pressure exerted by water moving during osmosis is called __________________ osmotic pressure. A. tonic B. diffusion C. selectively permeable D. osmotic Placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution will cause water to ______________________. into the cell A. move into the cell B. move out of the cell When molecules move DOWN the concentration gradient it means they are moving from ______________ B A. an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration B. an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes using diffusion _____________________ A. endocytosis B. ion channels C. diffusion D. facilitated diffusion * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Complete the transport terms. 1. Active transport requires ​_E_​ __ __ __ __ __ to move molecules across membranes. nergy 2. ​_A_​ __ TP __ is the molecule that provides the energy for active transport. 3. Golgi bodies use ​_E_​ xocytosis __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to release molecules outside the cell. 4. ​_D_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __moves oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a high concentration to iffusion a low concentration across membranes. 5. The cell organelles that burns glucose and provides ATP for active transport are the _M_​ __ itochondria __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __, 6. Water moves across membranes by ​_O_​ __ __ __ __ __ __. smosis 7. A small membrane sac used to transport substances during exocytosis & endocytosis = ​_V_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ acuole 8. Kind of endocytosis that takes in small dissolved molecules (solutes) or fluids = ​_P_​ inocytosis __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 9. ​_P_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ transport does NOT REQUIRE energy. assive 10. During ​_F_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ diffusion carrier proteins grab glucose molecules, change acilitated shape, and flip to the other side of the membrane, like a revolving door. 11. A ​_C_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ protein is an integral membrane protein that helps move molecules across a hannel cell membrane. 12. A cell placed in an ​_I_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ solution neither swells or shrinks because the sotonic concentration of molecules outside the cell is the same as inside. 13. A solution in which there is a HIGHER concentration of molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside = ​_H_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. ypertonic 14. A CONCENTRATION ​_G_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ forms whenever there is a difference in radient concentration between one place and another. 4 15.Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and Na​+​-K​+​ pumps are all kinds of ​_A_​ ctive __ __ __ __ __ transport because they use energy to move substances across membranes. 16. A solution in which the concentration of molecules outside the cell is LOWER than inside = ​_H_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. ypotonic 17. A ​_S_​ odium __ __ __ __ __-​_P_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ​_P_​ __ otassium ump__ __ uses ATP to move three Na​+ ​ions out of a cell while it moves two K​+​ ions in. 18. Pinocytosis & phagocytosis are both kinds of ​_E_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. ndocytosis 19. When molecules move from high to low along a concentration gradient we say they are moving “​_D_​ own__ __ __” the gradient. 20. ​_O_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ pressure is caused by water inside a plant cell pushing against the cell wall. smotic 21. The shrinking of a plant cell membrane away from the cell wall when placed in a hypertonic solution is called ​_P_​ __ lasmolysis __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 22. White blood cells use ​_P_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to engulf and destroy bacteria that hagocytosis the glycoproteins recognize as “not self”. 23. The swelling and bursting of animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution is called _C_​ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. ytolysis 24. Proteins (like carrier proteins) that stick INTO the cell membrane either part way or all the way through are called ​_I_​ ntegral__ __ __ __ __ __ __ proteins. 25. Ca​ , H​ , Na​ , and K​ move across membranes by going through passageways called ++​ +​ +​ + ​ ​_I_​ __ on __ ​_C_​ hannels __ __ __ __ __ __ __. LOOK AT THE DIAGRAMS. The black dots represent solute molecules dissolved in water In which beaker is the concentration of solute the greater? A or B A B * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * If the solute (dots) in this diagram is unable to pass through the dividing membrane, what will happen? A. the water level will rise on the right side of the tube B. the water level will rise on the left side of the tube C. the water level will stay equal on the two sides 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * What does it use to COMPARE/CONTRAST Active (ATP) help: Example of the kinds of transport or Membrane proteins? substance(s) that Passive Vesicles? use this kind of (KINETIC Needs no help transport in cells ENERGY) (phospholipids)? Passive Oxygen DIFFUSION phospholipids Transport proteins FACILITATED Passive Amino acids DIFFUSION Aquaporins OSMOSIS Passive Water FACILITATED DIFFUSION Passive ion channels Sodium (ION CHANNELS) SODIUM-POTASSIUM Transport proteins Potassium (NA+ -K​+​) PUMP Active (ANIMALS) ENDOCYTOSIS Vesicles Bacteria Active (PHAGOCYTOSIS) Proteins ENDOCYTOSIS Active Aquaporins (PINOCYTOSIS) Hormones EXOCYTOSIS Active Vesicles RECEPTOR-MEDIATED Cholestrol Active Receptors, vesicles ENDOCYTOSIS 6 7  Diffusion and Osmosis Worksheet 1. How are the molecules moving in the examples below? Write OSMOSIS or DIFFUSION. a. The student sitting next to you just came from gym class and forgot to shower and you can tell. Diffusion b. After sitting in the bathtub for hours, your fingers start to look like prunes. Osmosis c. The girl sitting two rows ahead of you put on too much perfume this morning. Diffusion d. One way to get rid of slugs in your garden is to sprinkle salt on them, so they shrivel up. Osmosis e. Yum! Something smells good. The neighbors are cooking on the grill! Diffusion f. Gargling with salt water when you have a sore throat causes your swollen throat cells to shrink and feel better. Osmosis g. Oxygen molecules move from the air sacs in the lungs across the cell membranes into the blood Diffusion 2. Use arrows to indicate the direction of diffusion in each case below: A) B) 3. For each of the situations below use an arrow to indicate the net movement of sugar into or out of the cell. (Assume that the sugar molecules can pass through the cell membrane in each case.) 1% sugar 3% sugar 1% sugar 5% sugar 1% sugar 1% sugar 4. Diffusion always causes particles to move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. 5. Does a cell use energy when molecules diffuse in or out of the cell? ____ Why? No, because diffusion doesn't require any energy since the molecules naturally have kinetic energy. Match each term on the left with the best descriptor on the right. Use each only once. Descriptor a) Moves of particles like oxygen 6. Concentration B into cells 7. Diffusion A b) Amount of a substance in a 8. Equal amount of water inside a cell as outside E certain place 9. More water outside a cell than inside B c) Moves water into and out of 10. Osmosis C cells 11. More solute outside a cell than inside F d) Allows some substances 12. Selectively permeable membrane D through e) f) g) 13. You have just bought a tropical fish for your freshwater (no salt) aquarium. Unfortunately, you do not realize it is a saltwater fish, which is isotonic to salty water environments. Using your knowledge of osmosis, explain why this fish will not survive in your aquarium. The fish can only survive in hypertonic solutions as it prefers more solute inside the cell rather than outside. However, the freshwater aquarium is isotonic which isn't the environment that the tropical fish is adapted to. This means there won't be a net movement of water in the organism's cells which prevents it from amintaining their normal function. 14. Complete the table by writing whether solutes and water move INSIDE or OUTSIDE the cell. Hints: With diffusion, solutes move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. With Osmosis, wherever more salt is, water follows! Or, water also goes from an area of high amount of water to an area of low amount of water. DIFFUSION OSMOSIS Does the SOLUTE Does WATER move intracellular extracellular move INSIDE or OUTSIDE fluid fluid INSIDE or OUTSIDE the cell? (inside the cell) (outside of cell) the cell? Inside Outside 5% salt 10% salt Inside & outside Inside&outside 10% salt 10% salt Outside Inside 3% glucose 1% glucose Outside Inside 2% protein 1% protein Inside & outside Inside & outside 9% salt 9% salt Inside Outside 13% water 25% water  Cell Membrane PowerPoint Questions Membrane Structure 1. Cell membranes of unicellular organisms are ____________ flexible so the organism can move. 2. What is meant by homeostasis? Balanced internal condition of cells 3. Homeostasis is also called __________________. equilibrium 4. How does the plasma membrane help maintain homeostasis? It controls what enters and leaves the cell 5. Give 7 functions of the plasma membrane. a. Protective barrier b. Regulate transport in and out of the cell(Semi-permeable) c. Allow cell recognition d. Provide anchoring sites for filaments of cytoskeleton. e. Provides binding sites for enzymes f. Interlocking surfaces bind cells together(Junctions) g. Contains the cytoplasm(fluid in cell) 6. What is meant by the term selectively permeable? Ability to differentiate between different types of molecules, only 7. What are cell junctions? When cell membrane's of different allowing some molecdules cells interlock surfaces binding cells through while blocking others. cytoplasm 8. Fluid inside the cell is called _________________. 9. Label the plasma membrane (phospholipids, cholesterol, peripheral proteins, integral proteins, cytoskeleton, glcocalyx...) Carbohydrate chain Integral proteins Phospholipid Glycoproteins Cholestrol Peripheral proteins 10. A ________________ Phospholipid bilayer makes up most of the cell membrane. 11. Are phospholipids heads polar or nonpolar? the tails? Heads: Polar, Tails: Nonpolar 12. How many fatty acid chains are in a phospholipid? 2 fatty acid chains 13. Describe the heads of a phospholipid. Polar and is made up of glycerol and a phosphate group 14. The __________ fluid _____________ mosaic ___________ model describes the appearance of the cell membrane. 15. Why is the cell membrane said to act like a fluid? Because individual phospholipids and proteins move side to side within the layer, like it is a liquid. 16. What causes the mosaic pattern of the cell membrane when viewed from above? The scattered protein molecules 17. The phospholipid ____________ bilayer of the cell membrane allows ____________ nonpolar molecules to pass through easily, but _________________ polar do NOT. 18. Materials soluble in __________ lipids can pass easily through the cell membrane. 19. Because the cell membrane is ___________________, semipermeable only ___________ small molecules and larger _______________ molecules nonpolar can move through easily. 20. List 3 substances that pass easily through the cell membrane. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water 21. _________, Ions _____________ hydrophillic molecules larger than water, and large __________ protein molecules do NOT move easily through the phospholipids of the cell membrane. Types of Membrane Transport 22. Simple ____________ Diffusion requires NO energy to move things across the cell membrane. 23. With simple diffusion, molecules move from an area of ________ high concentration to an area of ______ low concentration. 24.Why is diffusion considered a passive process? No energy is used 25. With diffusion, molecules move by their own natural __________ kinetic energy or energy of motion. 26. Explain what happens to a drop of food coloring put into a beaker of water. Diffusion begins and then the dye is evenly distributed in the water 27. When solutes diffuse through a membrane, they move from __________ high to _________ low concentration. 28. __________ Osmosis is the diffusion of _________ water across a cell membrane. 29. If water potential is HIGH, solute concentration is __________. low 30. If water potential is LOW, solute concentration is ___________. high 31. Water moves from _________ high water potential to ________ low water potential. 32. Water diffuses through the pores called _____________ Aquaporins of the cell membrane. 33. Sketch a picture of a cell in an isotonic environment & show the direction of water movement? Cell water movement 34. What is meant by NO NET movement? water molecules move in and out of the cell at equal rates. 35. Sketch a picture of a cell in an Hypotonic environment & show the direction of water movement? Cell Water movement 36. Sketch a picture of a cell in an hypertonic environment & show the direction of water movement? Water movement Cell 37. Complete the following table: Direction of Osmosis What Environmental Net Movement of happens Condition water to cell Hypotonic in the cell cytolysis Hypertonic out the cell plasmolysis Isotonic in and out the cell No net movement of h2o 38. _____________ plasmolysis occurs whenever water moves out of a cell & the cell shrinks in size. 39. _____________ cytolysis occurs whenever water moves into the cells causing them to swell and burst. 40. Explain what happens to a red blood cell placed in: a. distilled water Cytolysis b. a concentrated salt solution Plasmolysis 41. Complete the following drawings.  hypotonic hypertonic Isotonic hypertonic Isotonic hypotonic 42. Plants prefer ________________ hypotonic environments, while animal cells do best in _____________ isotonic environments. 43. Describe these 3 types of movement across cell membranes. a. simple diffusion Materials move down their concentration gradient through the phospholipid bilayer b. facilitated diffusion he passage of materials is aided both by a concentration gradient and by a transport protein c. active transport Molecules again move through a transport protein but now energy must be experienced to move them against their concentration gradient. 44. Passive transport does _______ not require additional energy & moves materials from ________ high to _________ low concentration. 45. Give 2 examples of passive transport in cells. Simple and Facilitated diffusion 46. Simple ___________ diffusion is a type of __________ passive transport because energy is NOT required. 47. Facilitated diffusion uses _____________ transport proteins to help move materials from high _________ to __________ low concentrations. 48. Name 2 materials that move into or out of cells by facilitated diffusion. Glucose or amino acids 49. name 2 types of transport proteins found in cell membranes. Channel proteins and carrier proteins 50. Describe channel proteins. are embedded in the cell membrane & have a pore for materials to cross 51. How do carrier proteins help move materials across a cell membrane? an change shape to move material from one side of the membrane to the other 52. Channel proteins have an opening or ___________ pore through which molecules can passively move by _____________ facilitated diffusion. 53. Do all carrier proteins extend across the cell membrane? No 54. Explain how these carrier proteins move materials across the membrane. They bond and drag molecules through the lipid bilayer and release them on the opposite side 55. Some carrier proteins can change shape ________ to move materials across the cell membrane. 56. __________ Active transport requires additional energy to move materials. 57. Active transport uses cellular energy known as _________. ATP 58. Active transport moves materials AGAINST the concentration gradient or from _________ low to ___________ high concentration. 59. The _______________ Sodium potassium(Na+-K+) pump is an example of active transport. 60. The sodium-potassium pump moves _______ 3 sodium ions out for every ______ 2 potassium ions moved into the cell creating voltage across the cell called the ____________ membrane potential. 61. Moving very large particles out of the cell is called _____________. Exocytosis 62. In exocytosis, wastes are moved out of the cell in ___________ vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane. 63. __________ Endocytosis involves moving large particles into the cell. 64. taking in large liquid droplets is called ____________ pinocytosis or "cell drinking". 65. __________ Receptor-mediated ____________ endocytosis involves protein ____________ receptors recognizing hormones to help move them into the cell. 66. How does cholesterol get into a cell? Some integral proteins have receptors on their surface to recognize and take in hormones and cholestrol. 67. "Cell eating" is known as ______________. Phagocytosis 68. White blood cells engulfing bacteria is an example of _____________. Phagocytosis 69. _____________ Endocytosis is the opposite of exocytosis.