Civil Engineering Orientation Chapters 1, 2, & 3 PDF

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Civil Engineering Orientation is a foundational subject typically introduced early in civil engineering education. It aims to familiarize students with the field of civil engineering, its various sub-disciplines, and the profession's prac...

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Civil Engineering Orientation is a foundational subject typically introduced early in civil engineering education. It aims to familiarize students with the field of civil engineering, its various sub-disciplines, and the profession's practical aspects. Here's a detailed discussion of the key components covered in a civil engineering orientation course: 1. Introduction to Civil Engineering P Y O Overview of Civil Engineering C Definition: Civil engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the design, T construction, and maintenance of infrastructure projects and systems. E N Scope: Includes roads, bridges, buildings, water systems, and other infrastructure. History and Evolution D T U Historical Milestones: Overview of significant historical achievements in civil S engineering, from ancient structures like the Pyramids of Giza to modern marvels like the Burj Khalifa. Evolution of Practices: How civil engineering practices have evolved with advancements in technology and materials. 2. Sub-Disciplines of Civil Engineering Structural Engineering Focus: Design and analysis of structures like bridges, buildings, and towers. Key Concepts: Load distribution, structural integrity, material strength. Geotechnical Engineering Focus: Study of soil and rock mechanics and their interactions with structures. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 1 of 26 Transportation Engineering Focus: Design and management of transportation systems including roads, highways, and airports. Key Concepts: Traffic flow, roadway design, transportation planning. Environmental Engineering management, and pollution control. P Y Focus: Solutions to environmental challenges, including water treatment, waste CO Key Concepts: Water quality, air pollution, sustainable practices. T Water Resources Engineering E N Focus: Management and distribution of water resources. D Key Concepts: Hydrology, hydraulic engineering, flood management. 3. Professional Practice T U S Engineering Ethics and Responsibilities Ethical Standards: Professional conduct, safety, and societal impact. Regulations: Codes of practice and legal requirements. Project Management Planning and Scheduling: Techniques for managing time, cost, and resources in engineering projects. Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating potential risks. Construction Management Site Management: Coordination of construction activities, materials, and labor. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 2 of 26 4. Tools and Technologies Engineering Software Design Software: Introduction to tools like AutoCAD, Revit, and structural analysis programs. Project Management Tools: Software for scheduling and resource management. Laboratory and Field Work P Y O Experiments: Basic tests for materials like concrete and soil. C Field Visits: Observations of real-world engineering projects and construction sites. T N 5. Career Opportunities and Development Career Paths DE U Specializations: Opportunities within various sub-disciplines of civil engineering. S T Employment Sectors: Public sector, private industry, consulting firms, and academia. Professional Development Certifications: Professional Engineer (PE) licensure and other certifications. Continuing Education: Importance of staying current with industry developments and ongoing learning. 6. Current Trends and Future Directions Sustainable Engineering Green Building: Design and construction techniques aimed at reducing environmental impact. Resilient Infrastructure: Designing systems to withstand natural disasters and climate change. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 3 of 26  Smart Cities: Integration of technology into urban infrastructure for efficiency and improved quality of life. Advanced Materials: Development of new materials with enhanced properties. Conclusion Civil Engineering Orientation provides students with a broad understanding of the field, Y encompassing its history, various sub-disciplines, professional practices, and current trends. It prepares students for specialized studies and professional practice by introducing them to the fundamental concepts, tools, and technologies used in the industry. P CIVIL ENGINEERING PROFESSION CO T Civil engineering is a diverse and dynamic profession focused on designing, constructing, and N maintaining infrastructure that supports society. This includes a wide range of projects such as bridges, roads, buildings, water supply systems, and airports. Here are some key aspects of the civil engineering profession: DE U 1. Specializations: Civil engineering encompasses various specializations such as structural engineering, transportation engineering, environmental engineering, T geotechnical engineering, and water resources engineering. 2. S Skills: Civil engineers need strong problem-solving skills, proficiency in mathematics and physics, and knowledge of materials and construction methods. They also require good project management, communication, and teamwork abilities. 3. Education: Typically, a bachelor's degree in civil engineering or a related field is required. Many civil engineers also pursue a master's degree or obtain professional licenses to advance their careers. 4. Certifications and Licenses: In many regions, civil engineers need to be licensed as Professional Engineers (PE) to sign off on projects and take legal responsibility for their work. 5. Work Environment: Civil engineers often split their time between office work (designing and planning) and fieldwork (overseeing construction and inspecting sites). 6. Impact: The work of civil engineers is crucial to public safety and quality of life, as they build and maintain essential infrastructure that communities depend on. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 4 of 26 The history of civil engineering is a testament to human ingenuity and the evolution of technology and design principles. Here’s a detailed discussion of key milestones in the profession, accompanied by figures and photos: Ancient Civilizations Y 1. Egyptian Pyramids (c. 2580–2560 BC) P Significance: The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza stands as one of the most O remarkable feats of ancient engineering. It demonstrates early advancements in C construction techniques, materials, and project management. T E N D T U S CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 5 of 26  P Y CO T E N D T U S 2. Roman Aqueducts (c. 312 BC) Significance: Roman aqueducts like the Pont du Gard were critical in advancing public health and urban development by transporting water over long distances using gravity. Details: The engineering prowess of the Romans is evident in their use of arches and concrete, which allowed for the construction of durable and extensive water supply systems. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 6 of 26 1. Gothic Cathedrals (12th–16th centuries) Significance: The Gothic architectural style introduced structural innovations like flying Y buttresses and ribbed vaults, enabling the construction of taller and more ornate cathedrals. P O Image: Details: Chartres Cathedral in France is a prime C T example, demonstrating advancements in both N structural design and decorative arts during the Middle Ages. DE Renaissance and Enlightenment T U S 1. Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) Significance: Leonardo’s contributions were foundational in both art and engineering, with designs and sketches that explored mechanical principles and construction techniques. Details: Da Vinci’s innovative designs, such as his ideas for bridges and war machines, reflected an advanced understanding of engineering concepts. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 7 of 26  P Y CO T E N D T U Image:Completed da Vinci bridge, side view Architect S Vebjørn Sand Design Deck arch bridge Selberg Architects Designer Leonardo da Vinci Material Laminated wood; steel- reinforced Engineering design R e i n h e r t S t r u c t u r a l Total length 109 m (358 ft) by Engineers Construction start 1997 Longest span 40 m (130 ft) Construction end 2000 Location Norway Construction cost 13 million Norwegian kroner Design Deck arch bridge Opened 2000 Material Laminated wood; steel- reinforced CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 8 of 26  Significance: An influential figure in the development of canal systems in the UK, Brindley’s work greatly impacted transportation and industry during the Industrial Revolution. Details: The Bridgewater Canal, one of Brindley’s major projects, facilitated the Y movement of goods and raw materials, marking a significant advancement in P civil engineering infrastructure. 19th Century CO T 1. Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859) construction and design. E N Significance: Brunel’s work in railway and marine engineering set new standards for D U Details: Brunel’s innovations include the Great Western Railway and the Great Eastern T ship, showcasing his expertise in designing large-scale, complex projects. S 2. John Smeaton (1724–1792) Significance: Often called the “father of civil engineering,” Smeaton made significant contributions to hydraulic engineering and lighthouse design. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 9 of 26  P Y CO T E N D T U S Image retrieved from https://www.case.international/know-first-engineer-world-built-lighthouse/ 20th Century to Present 1. Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959) Significance: Wright’s architectural designs integrated structures with their natural surroundings, emphasizing harmony and innovative design. Details: His projects, like Fallingwater, exemplify a holistic approach to architecture and engineering, blending functionality with aesthetics. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 10 of 26  Significance: Calatrava’s work is known for its futuristic and sculptural quality, incorporating advanced materials and structural techniques. Details: Projects such as the Turning Torso and the Milau Viaduct highlight Calatrava’s innovative approach to modern engineering and design. P Y CO T E N D T U S Summary The history of civil engineering reflects an evolution from ancient monumental constructions to sophisticated modern infrastructure. Each era has contributed uniquely to the development of engineering principles and practices, from the Great Pyramid of Giza to contemporary engineering marvels by figures like Santiago Calatrava. The images and figures provided illustrate key moments and achievements that have shaped the field. For further exploration, visiting historical engineering sites or archives can offer additional insights into the profession’s development. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 11 of 26 Role of Civil Engineering in Society Civil engineering plays a pivotal role in shaping modern society by designing, constructing, and maintaining the infrastructure that supports everyday life and drives economic growth. Here are key aspects of this influence: Y 1. Infrastructure Development Transportation Systems: P ◦ ▪ CO Example: The California High-Speed Rail project is designed to connect major cities across California with high-speed trains, improving travel T efficiency and reducing traffic N congestion. This project highlights the integration of DE advanced technology and civil engineering to enhance U transportation networks. ▪ T Impact: Enhances connectivity, S reduces travel time, and supports economic development. ◦ Buildings: ▪ Example: The Edge in Amsterdam is considered one of the greenest office buildings in the world, incorporating sustainable design features and smart technologies. This project demonstrates the integration of environmental considerations into building design. ▪ Impact: Promotes energy efficiency and reduces the building's carbon footprint. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 12 of 26  ▪ Example: Singapore’s NEWater program is a highly advanced water recycling initiative that treats and reuses wastewater to ensure a sustainable water supply. This program showcases innovative solutions to water scarcity. Y ▪ Impact: Ensures a reliable water supply and promotes P sustainability. 2. Public Safety and Resilience CO T ◦ Disaster Resilience: ▪ E N Example: The Tokyo Skytree is designed to withstand severe earthquakes due to its D advanced seismic engineering. Tokyo U Skytree’s design incorporates base isolation T and damping systems to enhance its earthquake resistance. ▪ S Impact: Ensures structural integrity and safety in earthquake-prone regions. ◦ Urban Planning: ▪ Example: The Hudson Yards project in New York City is a large- scale urban redevelopment that includes residential, commercial, and public spaces. It emphasizes smart growth and sustainable design. ▪ Impact: Enhances urban living quality and integrates modern infrastructure with green spaces. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 13 of 26  ◦ Job Creation: ▪ Example: The High-Speed 2 (HS2) Rail Project in the UK is expected to create thousands of jobs and stimulate economic growth through Y its construction and operation phases. P O ▪ Impact: Provides employment C opportunities and boosts local economies. T N ◦ Economic Development: ▪ DE Example: The Panama Canal Expansion has increased the U capacity of one of the world’s most T important shipping routes, enhancing global trade efficiency. ▪ S Impact: Facilitates international trade and supports economic growth. 4. Environmental Considerations ◦ Sustainable Design: ▪ Example: The Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest) in Milan integrates green spaces into high-rise residential buildings to improve air quality and provide urban greenery. ▪ Impact: Enhances urban sustainability and livability. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 14 of 26 Civil engineering interacts with multiple professions to create comprehensive solutions to complex challenges. Here’s how civil engineering collaborates with other fields: 1. Architecture ◦ Design Integration: ▪ Example: The Louvre Pyramid in Paris showcases the collaboration between P Y O architect I. M. Pei and civil engineers. C The glass pyramid’s structural integrity and aesthetic design required close T coordination. ▪ E N Impact: Harmonizes architectural vision with structural feasibility. D U 2. Environmental Science ◦ ▪ T Environmental Impact Assessment: S Example: The London Thames Barrier is a flood defense system that works with environmental scientists to manage the impact of rising sea levels and protect the city from flooding. ▪ Impact: Mitigates flood risks and protects urban areas from environmental hazards. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 15 of 26  ◦ Integrated Planning: ▪ Example: Songdo International Business District in South Korea is a planned smart city incorporating advanced infrastructure and urban Y design principles for a sustainable future. P O ▪ Impact: Demonstrates the integration of C urban planning with infrastructure development. T 4. Geotechnical Engineering ◦ Soil and Rock Mechanics: E N D ▪ Example: The Millennium Tower in San Francisco U utilized geotechnical engineering to address T challenges related to the building's foundation and soil stability. ▪ S Impact: Ensures the stability of tall structures in challenging soil conditions. 5. Project Management ◦ Coordination and Oversight: ▪ Example: The Crossrail Project (Elizabeth Line) in London required meticulous project management to coordinate between various teams and stakeholders to deliver one of Europe’s largest infrastructure projects on time. ▪ Impact: Ensures timely and efficient completion of complex infrastructure projects. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 16 of 26  P Y O 6. Construction Management ◦ On-Site Supervision: C T N ▪ Example: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao required careful construction management to bring E Frank Gehry's unique design to life, D involving coordination of materials, U labor, and construction techniques. ▪ S T Impact: Successfully manages the execution of innovative and complex architectural designs. Summary Civil engineering profoundly impacts society by improving infrastructure, enhancing safety, and fostering economic growth. Its collaboration with other professions, such as architecture, environmental science, and urban planning, ensures the successful integration of design, functionality, and sustainability in various projects. By understanding these connections and recent examples, students can appreciate the multifaceted nature of civil engineering and its critical role in shaping our world. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 17 of 26 In the construction of a building, civil engineers interact with a range of other professionals, each of whom plays a crucial role in ensuring the project is completed successfully. Here’s a detailed overview of these professions, their responsibilities, and examples: In the construction of a building, civil engineers in the Philippines collaborate with various professionals to ensure successful project completion. Here’s a detailed overview of these professions, their responsibilities, and local examples: 1. Architect P Y O Responsibilities and Functions: C Design: Develop the architectural design of the building, focusing on aesthetics, T functionality, and spatial planning. E N Planning: Ensure the design complies with local zoning laws and building codes. D Coordination: Work with civil engineers and other consultants to integrate architectural U and structural elements. Local Examples: S T Leandro V. Locsin: Renowned for his design of the Cultural Center of the Philippines and other notable projects. William Coscolluela & Associates: Known for various high-profile residential and commercial buildings in Metro Manila. 2. Structural Engineer Responsibilities and Functions: Analysis and Design: Design and analyze the structural components of buildings to ensure safety and stability. Load Calculation: Determine the load-bearing requirements of structures and design appropriate support systems. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 18 of 26  Systra Philippines: Provided structural engineering services for projects like the Manila Skyway Stage 3. Palafox Associates: Known for its structural engineering work on projects such as the SM Aura Premier in Taguig. 3. Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) Engineer Y Responsibilities and Functions: P Mechanical Systems: Design HVAC systems for temperature and air quality control. CO Electrical Systems: Plan and implement electrical systems, including lighting and power distribution. T N Plumbing Systems: Design plumbing systems for water supply and drainage. Local Examples: DE U Aurecon Philippines: Provided MEP engineering services for the Greenbelt 5 complex. S T Tegra Engineering: Known for its work on MEP systems for the SM City Bacoor shopping mall. 4. Geotechnical Engineer Responsibilities and Functions: Soil Testing: Conduct soil tests to assess ground conditions and support requirements for foundations. Foundation Design: Design foundations based on soil properties and structural loads. Local Examples: Philippine Geotechnical Services, Inc.: Conducted geotechnical investigations for various infrastructure projects in the Philippines. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 19 of 26 5. Construction Manager Responsibilities and Functions: Project Oversight: Manage the construction process, including scheduling, budgeting, and coordination among trades. Y Site Management: Supervise on-site construction activities to ensure they align with plans and specifications. P O Local Examples: C DMCI Homes: A major construction firm that manages residential and commercial T construction projects across the country. E N Megawide Construction Corporation: Known for managing large-scale projects such as the Mactan-Cebu International Airport. D U 6. Surveyor S Responsibilities and Functions: T Land Surveying: Establish property boundaries and site topography through precise measurements. Construction Surveying: Provide layout and measurement services for construction activities to ensure accuracy. Local Examples: Surveying and Mapping Corp.: Provides land surveying services for various development projects in the Philippines. Geodetic Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.: Offers surveying and mapping services, including cadastral and engineering surveys. 7. Urban Planner CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 20 of 26  Land Use Planning: Develop plans for land use, including zoning and development regulations. Regulatory Compliance: Ensure projects adhere to local planning and zoning laws. Local Examples: National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA): Involved in national and Y regional planning, including urban development strategies. P Ayala Land: Engages in urban planning for its mixed-use developments such as the O Ayala Triangle Gardens. 8. Interior Designer C T N Responsibilities and Functions: finishes. DE Interior Layout: Design the interior spaces of buildings, including furniture, fixtures, and T U Aesthetics and Functionality: Ensure that the design meets the client's needs and S enhances the building's functionality. Local Examples: B+W Design: Specializes in interior design for residential, commercial, and hospitality projects in the Philippines. Studio H Designs: Known for its work on luxury residential and commercial interiors. 9. Environmental Engineer Responsibilities and Functions: Sustainability: Implement sustainable practices and ensure compliance with environmental regulations. Waste and Water Management: Design systems for waste management and water conservation. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 21 of 26  Envirotech Engineering, Inc.: Provides environmental engineering services, including waste management and water treatment solutions. Sustainable Energy Solutions Philippines: Works on projects related to renewable energy and sustainable building practices. 10. Cost Estimator Y Responsibilities and Functions: P Cost Analysis: Prepare detailed cost estimates for construction materials, labor, and O other expenses. C Budget Management: Assist in managing the project budget and ensuring financial T resources are used effectively. Local Examples: E N D GHD Philippines: Offers cost estimation and management services for various U construction projects. S T Asian Development Bank (ADB): Provides funding and financial management for infrastructure projects in the region, including cost estimation support. These interactions highlight the collaborative nature of building construction projects in the Philippines, demonstrating the importance of each professional's role in achieving successful project outcomes. Importance of Civil Engineering and Its Role in Society Civil engineering is pivotal in shaping the infrastructure that underpins modern society. Its significance spans various domains, from ensuring public safety and enhancing quality of life to driving economic growth and sustainability. Here’s a detailed exploration of the importance of civil engineering, with examples from the Philippines and other countries. 1. Infrastructure Development CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 22 of 26  Foundation of Society: Civil engineering is responsible for the design, construction, and maintenance of essential infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings. This infrastructure supports daily life, commerce, and social interaction. Economic Impact: Well-developed infrastructure facilitates economic activities by improving transportation, communication, and accessibility. Examples: Philippines: P Y O Skyway Stage 3: This elevated highway in Metro Manila alleviates traffic congestion, C connecting the North and South Luzon Expressways and reducing travel time. T SM Mall of Asia: A landmark retail and entertainment complex that demonstrates N advanced civil engineering in urban development. International: DE T U Burj Khalifa, UAE: The tallest building in the world, showcasing cutting-edge structural S engineering and materials science. Golden Gate Bridge, USA: An iconic suspension bridge that exemplifies innovative design and engineering for its time. 2. Public Safety and Resilience Importance: Disaster Preparedness: Civil engineers design structures to withstand natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes, thus protecting lives and property. Safety Standards: Implementing safety standards and regulations ensures the durability and reliability of infrastructure. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 23 of 26 Philippines: Taal Volcano Evacuation Centers: Civil engineers designed these centers to provide shelter and safety for residents displaced by volcanic eruptions. NDRRMC Flood Control Projects: Implemented various flood control measures to protect vulnerable communities from flooding. Y International: P Tokyo Skytree, Japan: Designed to withstand earthquakes, this broadcasting and O observation tower exemplifies earthquake-resistant engineering. C New Orleans Levees, USA: Enhanced levee systems to prevent flooding, crucial after T the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. 3. Sustainable Development E N D Importance: T U Environmental Impact: Civil engineers develop sustainable practices to minimize S environmental impact, including green buildings and renewable energy systems. Resource Management: Efficiently managing resources such as water and energy to ensure long-term sustainability. Examples: Philippines: Davao City Waste-to-Energy Facility: Converts waste into energy, contributing to sustainable waste management. Bonifacio Global City (BGC): A modern urban development with green building certifications and sustainable infrastructure. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 24 of 26  The Eden Project, UK: An ecological park featuring geodesic domes that house a variety of plant species, designed with sustainable principles. The High Line, USA: An elevated park in New York City built on a former rail line, promoting green space and urban renewal. 4. Economic Growth Y Importance: P Job Creation: Infrastructure projects create numerous jobs, stimulating economic growth O and development. C Enhanced Connectivity: Improved transportation networks facilitate trade and mobility, T boosting economic activities. Examples: E N D Philippines: T U Mactan-Cebu International Airport Expansion: Enhances connectivity and supports S tourism and trade in the Visayas region. North-South Commuter Railway Project: A major infrastructure project aimed at improving transportation in Metro Manila and its surrounding areas. International: Panama Canal Expansion, Panama: Enhances global trade by accommodating larger ships and boosting the region's economic impact. Chengdu Tianfu International Airport, China: One of the largest airport projects in the world, designed to accommodate increasing passenger and cargo traffic. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 25 of 26 Importance: Enhanced Living Standards: Civil engineering contributes to the creation of functional and aesthetically pleasing urban environments. Public Services: Develops infrastructure that supports essential services like water supply, sanitation, and transportation. Y Examples: Philippines: P CO Ayala Triangle Gardens, Makati: A well-designed urban park that enhances the quality of life for residents and workers in the central business district. T N Estancia Mall, Pasig: A mixed-use development that integrates retail, residential, and E office spaces, enhancing urban living. D International: T U Marina Bay Sands, Singapore: An integrated resort with a unique design that enhances S the cityscape and provides world-class amenities. Sydney Opera House, Australia: An iconic building that contributes to Sydney’s cultural and economic vitality. Civil engineering is a cornerstone of modern society, influencing everything from daily convenience to global trade and environmental sustainability. The field’s ability to address complex challenges and enhance the human experience underscores its indispensable role in shaping our world. CE 101-CIVIL ENGINEERING OREINTATION PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY RIZALYN C. ILUMIN, MSME, MSCE URDANETA CAMPUS (1st Sem, AY 2024-2025) Instructor Page 26 of 26