IE321-Cloud_computing (1).pdf

Fundamentals of 9/25/2024 Computer SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT Systems IE321 CLOUD COMPUTING ENG. WALA BALAMASH 1 How many users and objects?...

Fundamentals of 9/25/2024 Computer SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT Systems IE321 CLOUD COMPUTING ENG. WALA BALAMASH 1 How many users and objects? not with us numbers Facebook has 2 billion monthly users Google is serving > 3.5 billion queries/day on more than 130 trillion pages > 5 billion videos/day watched on YouTube 300 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube every minute! Modern applications use massive data: In 2008, Google processed 20 petabytes per day Dropbox has > 500 petabytes of user data How much computation? Es No single computer can process that much data numbers not ▪ Need many computers! with vs How many computers do modern services need? § Facebook is thought to have more than 60,000 servers § Microsoft has > 1 million servers in 2008 § Google is thought to have more than 1 million servers. Scaling up Pc Server Cluster What if one computer is not enough? ▪ Buy a bigger (server-class) computer What if the biggest computer is not enough? ▪ Buy many computers Clusters Characteristics of a cluster: – Many similar machines, close interconnection (same room?) – Usually owned and used by a single organization Power and cooling Clusters need lots of power – Example: 140 Watts per server – Most of this power is converted into heat Large clusters need massive cooling Scaling up Pc Server Cluster Data Center What if your cluster is too big (hot, power hungry) to fit into your office building? – Build a separate building for the cluster – Building can have lots of cooling and power – Result: Data center  What does a data center look like? Cooling plant Data centers (size of a football field) Google data center in The Dalles, Oregon What’s in a data center? Hundreds or thousands of clusters What’s in a data center? Massive networking What’s in a data center? Emergency power supplies What’s in a data center? Massive cooling Energy matters! Data centres consume a lot of energy – Makes sense to build them near sources of cheap electricity – Most of this is converted into heat →Cooling is a big issue! Scaling up Pc Server Cluster Data Center Network of data centers What if even a data center is not big enough? – Build additional data centers Global distribution Data centres are often globally distributed – Example above: Google data centre locations Why? – Cheaper resources – Protection against failures  Problems with building your own data centre: Problem #1: Expensive Need to invest many $$$ in hardware Even a small cluster can easily cost $100,000 Microsoft recently invested $499 million in a single data centre Need expertise Planning and setting up a large cluster need experties Cluster may require special software, etc. Need maintenance Someone needs to replace faulty hardware, install software upgrades, maintain user accounts,... Problem #2: Difficult to scale Scaling up is difficult Need to order new machines, install them, integrate with existing cluster - can take months! Large scaling factors may require major redesign, e.g., new storage system, new building. Scaling down is difficult What to do with extra hardware? Many fixed costs, such as construction What is the Solutions-(rent spaces over the Internet) Cloud Computing Why?? Cheaper to run one big data centre than many small ones High utilization! No investment in data centre; pay-as-you-go model Thousands of computers available on demand; add more within seconds What is cloud computing?  What is cloud computing? cloud computing is a way to store and process information on the internet, rather than on a personal computer. Just like we can access our photos and documents from any device with an internet connection, cloud computing stores and manages data and applications on remote servers that are connected to the internet. Key Components: Data Centers: Compare data centers to warehouses where data is stored. These centers have powerful computers, like the engines of a train, that process and store data. Servers: Explain that servers are the individual parts within the data center, like drawers in a cabinet. Each server stores data and runs programs. Internet Connection: Emphasize the importance of the internet, which allows us to access data and applications from anywhere. Benefits of cloud computing? Accessibility: Explain that with cloud computing, you can access your data and programs from anywhere with an internet connection. Scalability: Describe how cloud services can easily grow or shrink to meet your needs. It's like having a room that can magically expand or contract depending on how many things you want to store. Cost-Efficiency: Compare it to paying for only the space you use, rather than buying and maintaining your own storage or servers. Examples of cloud computing applications: Email: services like Gmail store your emails in the cloud, so you can access them from any device. File Storage: Google Drive or Dropbox, where you can save and share files in the cloud. Streaming: Netflix or Spotify, where movies and music are stored in the cloud and played on your device. Social Media: Facebook and Instagram store and share photos and videos in the cloud.  Everything as a Service What kind of service does the cloud provide? Does it offer an entire application, or just resources? If resources, what kind / level of abstraction? Three types commonly distinguished: Software as a service (SaaS) started Platform as a service (PaaS) > - Programmers that just advanced users Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) > - For Software as a Service (SaaS) What it is: SaaS is like renting software applications that run in the cloud. Instead of buying and installing software on your computer, you access and use it over the internet. Example: Microsoft 365. You don't install Microsoft Word on your computer; you use it online through a web browser.  Platform as a Service (PaaS) PaaS (Platform as a Service): What it is: PaaS is like renting a platform that includes tools and services for developing, testing, and deploying applications, so you can focus on coding and not worry about hardware and operating systems. Example: Google App Engine. These platforms provide a ready-to-use environment for developers to build web applications without managing servers or infrastructure. -> memorize  Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) What it is: IaaS is like renting the basic building blocks of computing infrastructure. It provides hardware resources like servers, storage, and networking that you can use to build and manage your own IT environment. Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Microsoft Azure. You can rent virtual servers from these providers to run your own applications and software  Types of Cloud " Private Cloud: Owned and used by a single organization, offering maximum control and privacy. Example: like a bank that sets up its own data center with servers and storage to host all its applications and data. This is a private cloud because it's exclusively for that bank's use. Public Cloud: Owned and operated by a cloud provider, open to the public, and shared among many users or organizations. Example: When you use Gmail or store files in Google Drive, you're using Google's public cloud. Community Cloud: Shared among a specific group of organizations with common interests or requirements, providing a balance between control and sharing. Example: Consider a group of healthcare organizations in a region that come together to create a community cloud for sharing patient data and medical records securely. This community cloud is only accessible to those healthcare organizations Thank you Any Questions?