Sustainability Design Principles PDF - GENG1101 Lecture 4

Sustainability Design Principles Dr. RAJEEV RUPARATHNA P. E N G. A s s i sta n t P ro fe s s o r D e p a r t m e nt o f C i v i l a n d E nv i ro n m e n ta l E n g i n e e r i n g GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1...

Sustainability Design Principles Dr. RAJEEV RUPARATHNA P. E N G. A s s i sta n t P ro fe s s o r D e p a r t m e nt o f C i v i l a n d E nv i ro n m e n ta l E n g i n e e r i n g GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 1 Learning Objectives Understand sustainable design principles Understand benefits of adhering to sustainability principles Understand life cycle thinking Understand life cycle assessment GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 2 https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-47570654 https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environmen t/weather/climatechange/pan-canadian- framework.html https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/our-work/sustainable-development GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 3 World Meters http://www.worldometers.info/ / https://www.ourbreathingplanet.com/world-overpopulation/ GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 4 Challenges…… GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 5 ‘In order to change the way we DO things, we need to change the way we VIEW things.’ GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 6  Sustainability Design Principles Use non-toxic, sustainably produced, or recycled materials L'Oréal aims to source 100 % of renewable raw materials from sustainable sources with a commitment to zero deforestation by 2020 LEED offers points for using recycled material Nike flyknit, Adidas Parley Biomimicry - "redesigning industrial systems on biological lines... enabling the constant reuse of materials in continuous closed cycles..." https://inhabitat.com/building-modelled-on-termites-eastgate-centre-in-zimbabwe/ GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 7  Sustainability Design Principles Energy efficient processes  Passive buildings  Telus reduced reliance on conventional energy sources by 80 %  The TELUS Garden uses solar panels to generate 65,000 kWh annually Build longer-lasting and better-functioning products  Design products for reuse and recycling America’s Throwaway Culture ! https://www.passivehousecanada.com/ https://www.keurig.ca/beverages/recyclability/c/recyclable-k-cup-pods https://telusgarden.com/the-building/ GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 8 Sustainability Design Principles Consult sustainable design standards and guides Reduce, reuse, recycle, rethink, refuse, repair Life cycle assessment Energy star Building rating systems Personal ownership of products to provision of services Private automobile to a car sharing service Leasing equipment and facilities, chemical management services Replacing products with information E-papers Casette, CD, DVD vs MP3 and streaming GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 9 Sustainability Design Principles Life cycle thinking Life cycle assessment Use of renewable and locally sourced material https://vancouver.housing.ubc.ca/residences/brock-commons/  Wood construction in BC Aim for ecolabels (https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/Oca-bc.nsf/eng/ca02523.html )  Forest Stewardship Council  Fairtrade  B Corp https://ecowarriorprincess.net/2019/10/450- eco-labels-sustainability-confusing-system- overhaul/ GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 10 Awareness Test https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KB_lTKZm1Ts GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 11 What is Life Cycle Thinking Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) identifies the stages of a product over its entire life cycle, and the potential environmental, social and economic impacts from this life cycle. This includes raw material extraction and energy transformation, through production, packaging, distribution, use, maintenance, and eventually recycling, reuse, recovery or final disposal at the end of life. LCT enables product designers, service providers, government agents and individuals to make choices for the longer term and with consideration for all environmental impacts. (United Nations 2009) 12  Comparing Paper and Plastic Cost per unit Nice appearance Carry handle Energy pre unit Carbon footprint Recyclability Comparing Unit Production Energy Comparing Production Energy of a 10,000 Bag 13  Comparing Paper and Plastic Cost per unit Nice appearance Carry handle Energy pre unit Carbon footprint Recyclability Comparing Unit Production Energy Comparing Production Energy of a 10,000 Bag 14  Comparing Paper and Plastic Cost per unit Nice appearance Carry handle Energy pre unit Carbon footprint Recyclability Comparing Unit Production Energy Comparing Production Energy of a 10,000 Bag 15  Comparing Paper and Plastic Cost per unit Nice appearance Carry handle Energy pre unit Carbon footprint Recyclability Comparing Production Comparing Unit Production Energy Energy of a 10,000 Bag 16  What is Life-cycle Assessment? “Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an objective process to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with a product, process, or activity by identifying and quantifying energy and materials usage and environmental releases, to assess the impact of those… and to evaluate and implement opportunities to effect environmental improvements…” (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2017) A holistic technique To evaluate potential environmental impacts : product, process or activity From cradle-to-grave Considering all relevant mass & energy flows and associated waste and emission impacts 17 Life Cycle Assessment Life Cycle Assessment Climate change & ecosystem damage Resource depletion Land use impacts Human health impacts 18  Why LCA is Needed Develop a systematic evaluation of the environmental consequences associated with a given product. Analyze the environmental trade-offs associated with one or more specific products/processes to help gain stakeholder (state, community, etc.) acceptance for a planned action. Quantify environmental releases to air, water, and land in relation to each life cycle stage and/or major contributing process. Assist in identifying significant shifts in environmental impacts between life cycle stages and environmental media. Assess the human and ecological effects of material consumption and environmental releases to the local community, region, and world. Compare the health and ecological impacts between two or more rival products/processes or identify the impacts of a specific product or process. Identify impacts to one or more specific environmental areas of concern. LEED V4 awards 3 points for whole building LCA!’ ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATIONS 19 ISO 14040 (2006) “Life Cycle Assessment Principles and Framework” Goal and Scope Definition What is the objective of the study? Goal and Scope What is the unit of analysis? Definition What materials, processes, or products are to be considered? Interpretation What are the system boundaries? Inventory Inventory Analysis Analysis Identify and quantify  Energy inflows  Material inflows Impact  Releases Analysis Impact Analysis Relating inventory to impact on world 20 Goals Decision- Learning / Communication making exploration Identifying improvement Product/process design Eco-labeling opportunities Purchasing Identify liability concerns Product declarations Selecting performance Strategic planning indicators Benchmarking Policy-making Research 21 Common LCA Boundary 22 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) “What does it mean” ? In LCIA, the inventory is analyzed for impact on following categories: Depletion of Natural Resources Human Health Ecosystem Impairment of Human Welfare GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 23 Environmental Product Declaration http://www.structurlam.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Structurlam-R-EPD.CrossLamCLT-APA-SLP-2013.pdf GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 24 Benefits of Adhering to Sustainability Principles GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 25  Risk Management  Mars, Unilever, and Nespresso have invested in Rainforest Alliance certification which helps farmers to i. deal with climate volatility, ii. reduce land degradation, and iii. increase resilience to drought and humidity  Rainforest Alliance certified cocoa farms than noncertified: $403 versus $113 USD per hectare.  Coca cola invested $2 billion on water conservation https://hbr.org/2016/10/the-comprehensive-business-case-for-sustainability GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 26  Innovation  3M “Pollution Prevention Pays” program to void pollution through product reformulation, equipment redesign, process modification, and waste recycling.  3M’s Novec fire suppression fluids are the first viable, sustainable alternative to hydrofluorocarbons  Nike Flyknit line reduced waste by 80% compared with regular cut and sew footwear.  P & G used lifecycle assessment and identified 3% of US household energy is used by warm water for washing machine.  They launched line of cold-water detergents that require 50% less energy than warm water washing https://hbr.org/2016/10/the-comprehensive-business-case-for-sustainability GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 27 Improving Financial Performance  Dow (1994) invested nearly $2 billion in improving resource efficiency and achieved $9.8 billion saving from reduced energy and wastewater consumption  GE (2013) had reduced GHG by 32% 2004 baseline and water use by 45% from 2006 baselines and achieved $300 million in savings.  Walmart (2014) achieved 87% fuel efficiency compared to the 2005 baseline. Result 15,000 metric tons of GHG reduction and savings of nearly $11 million.  GE’s Ecomagination division, for example, has generated $200 billion in sales since 2005.  IKEA’s line of sustainable products like LED bulbs and solar panels from its Products for a More Sustainable Life at Home now generate a billion dollars. https://hbr.org/2016/10/the-comprehensive-business-case-for-sustainability GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 28 Source: https://www.scp-centre.org/our-work/handprint/ GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 29 Reduce your footprint! Increase your handprint! It is your responsibility …. GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 30 Dr. Rajeev Ruparathna P.Eng. Assistant Professor , Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering E-mail: [email protected] GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 31 References Andrew Winston (2017) The Top 10 Sustainable Business Stories of 2017, Harvard Business Review, December Covestro AG (2017) Carbon dioxide is revolutionizing plastics production, Available at: https://www.co2- dreams.covestro.com/en Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2013) Sustainable Development Challenges, United Nations, New York , NY Government of Canada (2016) Federal Sustainable Development Strategy 2016-2019, Government of Canada, Ottawa,ON Mcelroy, M.W., Van Engelen, J.M.L.,(2012) Corporate sustainability management, Taylor and Fransis, New York, NY Robert G. Eccles & Ioannis Ioannou & George Serafeim, 2014. "The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance," Management Science, vol 60(11), pages 2835-2857. Toronto Sustainability Speaker Series (2012), Handling Objections, Available at: tsss.ca/wp- content/uploads/2015/.../TSSS-Objection-Discussion-Paper-April-2012.pdf WWF (2016) Planet Report 2016 Risk and resilience in a new era. WWF International, Gland, Switzerland, Available at: http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/lpr_living_planet_report_2016.pdf GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 32 Acknowledgements Dr. Kasun Hewage and Dr. Rehan Sadiq , UBC School of Engineering GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 33 Thank You! GENG1101: ENGINEERING 1 34