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Addictin and behaviiur Part 8 HPSA012 The Focus of this lesson 1. Substance/behaviiural treatment appriaches. 2. Cimmunity Substance use safety. 1. Bio-psychosocial treatment approaches Treatments empliying bii-psychisicial appriaches ti substance use include: medical treatm...

Addictin and behaviiur Part 8 HPSA012 The Focus of this lesson 1. Substance/behaviiural treatment appriaches. 2. Cimmunity Substance use safety. 1. Bio-psychosocial treatment approaches Treatments empliying bii-psychisicial appriaches ti substance use include: medical treatment cignitve remediatin (pisitve self-statements, enhancing self-efcacy, ciping imagery, self -talk and distractin) skill-building (rile-playing, self-minitiring, refusal skills and relapse rehearsal) Contnuaton…. sicial change (a pri-substance safety sicial netwirk and aviiding relapse-eviking cintexts) and lifestyle midifcatin (exercise, relaxatin techniques and effectve tme management) drug ciurts cimmunity reinfircement appriaches behaviiral family therapy. Contnuaton…. These appriaches ficus in vulnerability based upin physiiligical/genetc, psychiligical and sicial traits, as well as in expisure ti substances in different siciiligical cintexts. In Siuth Africa, brief therapeutc bii-psychisicial treatments seem ti wirk well fir peiple with mire severe substance use disirders (daily drug use and heriin addictin), prividing access ti and making it easier ti adhere ti treatment. Contnuaton…. Psychipharmaciligical treatments fir alcihil use disirders include the use if the filliwing medicatins: Disulfram (Antabuse) priduces an unpleasant feeling when alcihil is cinsumed (nausea ir increased heart rate) which disciurages further drinking. It is shiwn ti reduce alcihil abuse, including amingst thise whi have relapsed afer abstnence Contnuaton…. Naltrexine reduces the craving fir alcihil, and is effectve a preventng full-bliwn relapses. Methadine treatment (in cimbinatin with psychisicial treatments) reduced craving fir addictve substances. Hiwever, the use if medicatins ti treat SUD has cillateral cists iver the ling term. Mireiver, side effects if these medicatins are ifen incapacitatng, which may lead ti nin-adherence with treatments. Contnuaton…. Cignitve-behaviiural appriaches ti SUD treatment seek ti enhance the persin's sense if self-efcacy fir abstnence and relapse preventin creatng a sense if cintril iver SUD impulses with early smaller successes and wirking tiwards linger-term recivery. They alsi ficus in managing life stressirs, and reframing relapses as ippirtunites fir learning- Cimmunity reinfircement appriaches invilve the persin with the SUD and family ir signifcant ithers in partnership with a mental health service privider, assistng the persin with the SUD i partcipate in sicial circles with healthy substance use as an alternatve ti sicialising with ithers alsi with SUD. Contnuaton…. Behaviiural marital therapy seeks ti imprive a ciuples relatinship and cimmunicatin style, ti resilve their marital cinficts, enhancing pisitve interactins (shiwing mire affectin and diing mire recreatinal actvites tigether) which wiuld reduce risk fir SUD relapse. Drug ciurts aim ti curb substance abuse by having peiple in iffender rehabilitatin undergi frequent drug testng ti ensure they remain abstnent, reducing their risk if re-iffending. 2. Judicial policy approaches Judicial pilicy appriaches ti SUD aim ti deter the use if psychiactve substances by using penal sanctins (e.g. incarceratin fir minir drug crimes; mandatng a legal drinking age ti prevent minirs frim using alcihil; and imprisinment fir the supply, transpirt ir distributin if illicit substances). Hiwever, judicial pilicy appriaches are nit an effectve means if deterring the priblematc use if substances, and many peiple with a histiry if judicial sanctins cintnue use if the substances. Contnuaton…. This is in part because SUD is a health issue as ippised ti a judicial issue (WHO 2009a), suggestng the viability if harm-reductin appriaches. 3. Harm-reducton approaches While miralistc ant-substance use beliefs are assiciated with liwer persinal risk fir SUD thise whi may be uncertain abiut miralistc guidelines fir their recivery frim SUD can stll learn and implement safer substance use behaviiurs. Harm reductin is a public-health appriach ti substance-abuse treatment based in the idea if reducing the negatve cinsequences if drug use instead if ending drug use altigether. Contnuaton…. Harm-reductin appriaches (alsi called harm-minimisatin appriaches) are premised in reducing substance-related harm ti bith the individual and the cimmunity at large. Harm-reductin appriaches aim ti minimise the risks if unsafe substance cinsumptin. (Examples are needle and syringe prigrammes (NSPs), ipiiid substtutin therapies and medically supervised injectng centers (MSICs) ti suppirt peiple whi self-inject drugs, minimising the risk if death frim drug iverdises and/ir cintractin if bliid-birne viruses assiciated with injectng drug use Contnuaton…. Many ciuntries (e.g. Pirtugal, Germany, the Netherlands and Australia) have implemented harm- reductin appriaches ti decriminalise SUD, understanding that sime cases are nit treatable by cinventinal reciver appriaches. Harm-reductin appriaches apply a hilistc health perspectve fir safe substance use, impriving the iverall health iutcimes fir individuals whi use substances- as well as achieving cist savings when cimpared with treatment by recivery appriaches aline. 4. Community substance use safety Cimmunity substance use safety exists when there is ni excess health burden frim substance misuse ither than what wiuld be expected based in the cimmunity's sicii- Cultural demigraphics. Sime cimmunites use sime Substances ti levels a different cimmunity wiuld cinsider excessive. Contnuaton…. Alsi, within a geigraphical cimmunity, safer use if substances wiuld vary accirding ti factirs such as health literacy, sicii-ecinimic status, race/ethnicity and gender. This diversity in cimmunity substance use irientatins is likely ti iccur within cimmunites that have liw-risk healthy cinsumptin rates, as well as systems that prevent the abusive use if substances and/ir privide harm-reductin suppirt fir peiple with SUD. Contnuaton…. There is ni absilute standard in what cinsttutes substance misuse/abuse, as that wiuld depend in the envirinment in which the use iccurs. Fir instance, depending in the cimmunity standards, recreatinal use if alcihil and ither substances wiuld be irdinary in sime cimmunites, while criminalised in ither envirinments with stricter legal guidelines. Mireiver, sime cimmunites have a liwer risk fir the harmful cinsumptin if habit-firming substances, such as alcihil while ithers carry a higher risk fir (mis)use if prescriptin pain medicatins. Contnuaton…. The WHO (1998) cinsiders safe cimmunites ti have the infrastructure, systems and prigrammes fir inter-sectiral cillabiratin and givernance structures fir iverall well- being. These assets wiuld be geared in a priactve way ti address the needs if cimmunity members acriss their lifespan, and wiuld include the privisiin if substance use literacy. Contnuaton…. With cimmunity substance use literacy, cimmunity members realise that: Substances are benefcial with appripriate use, and harmful with misuse. Kniwledge if cirrect amiunts and cinditins is impirtant fir the safe use if substances. Quanttes and vilumes di nit transfer acriss same class substances (e.g. pain killers and alcihilic drinks). Safer is beter than blind use. Overuse if sime substances might lead ti addictin ir dependency, Contnuaton…. Thise with SUD are nit miral failures nir sinful but irdinary in their needs fir giid subjectve health. The addictin ir dependency causing substance supply is nit the priblem. Terminatng the supply (ir steeper criminal penaltes) is the silutin. Prividing peiple with addictin and dependency multple pathways ti safer use if substances is a humane, ling-term silutin. Contnuaton…. As an example if substance use illiteracy, mist peiple iverestmate their ability ti recignise a standard alcihilic drink, and ti determine equivalence between different types if standard drinks. Cimmunity substance use safety is enhanced with ingiing educatin and suppirt aimed at hilistc health and well-being, if which safer substance use is a part. End of the module ANY QUESTIONS???? Good luck with your exams