Hypoxia, Barometric Pressure PDF

65 15 460 $# 1 Hypoxia - is: typical pathological process pathological reaction pathological state the disease symptom complex $# 1 Hypoxia, a developing when lower partial pressure of oxygen in the inspired air, is called: exogenous hemic the circulatory tissue endogenous $# 1 Exogenous normobaric...

65 15 460 $# 1 Hypoxia - is: typical pathological process pathological reaction pathological state the disease symptom complex $# 1 Hypoxia, a developing when lower partial pressure of oxygen in the inspired air, is called: exogenous hemic the circulatory tissue endogenous $# 1 Exogenous normobaric hypoxia occurs when: staying in unvented premises the climb in the mountains the climb in aircraft diving operations reducing the PCO2 in the air $# 1 Exogenous normobaric hypoxia occurs when: being in a closed room the climb a in the mountains increase in barometric pressure decrease in barometric pressure an increase in pO2 in the air $# 1 A typical changes in the composition of blood when exogenous normobaric hypoxia is: hypoxemia hypocapnia alkalosis hyperlipidemia hyperproteinemia $# 1 Exogenous hypobaric hypoxia observed in: when climbing at high altitude above sea level staying in the mines in the divers defect of ANAESTHETIC equipment when navigating in submarines $# 1 Specify the characteristic change in the composition of the blood when exogenous hypobaric hypoxia: hypocapnia hyperglycemia hypercapnia reduction of blood lactate hyperproteinemia $# 1 For hypobaric form of exogenous hypoxia is characteristic: hypocapnia hyperoxemia high arteriovenous oxygen difference arterialization of the venous blood reducing the oxygen capacity of the blood $# 3 Specify the changes in the blood which are characteristic for exogenous hypobaric hypoxia: hypocapnia hypoxemia gas alkalosis hypercapnia gas acidosis $# 1 The partial arterial oxygen pressure - 70 mm Hg, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood - 58 mmHg is characteristic for: respiratory type of hypoxia exogenous hypobaric type of hypoxia hemic type of hypoxia tissue type of hypoxia circulatory type of hypoxia $# 1 Hypoxia, arising in connection with the development of disturbances in the blood is called: hemic an exogenous circulatory tissue ischemic $# 1 Carbon monoxide poisoning leads to the development of hypoxia: hemic tissue circulatory respiratory exogenous $# 1 Carbon monoxide poisoning leads to formation of: carboxyhemoglobin desoxyhemoglobin methemoglobin carbohemoglobin sulfohemoglobin $# 1 Nitrite poisoning leads to formation of: methemoglobin desoxyhemoglobin carbohemoglobin carboxyhemoglobin oxyhemoglobin $# 4 Specify the reasons of hemic hypoxia: CO poisoning nitrate poisoning chronic blood loss hypovitaminosis B12 emphysema of lungs a decrease in excitability of the respiratory center $# 1 The main mechanism of hemic hypoxia is: reduction in blood oxygen capacity reduction of arterio-venous oxygen difference an increase in arterial oxygen saturation an increase in pCO2 blood violation of blood flow velocity $# 1 Hypoxia, which develops at the pathology of the cardiovascular system, is called: circulatory an exogenous respiratory hemic tissue $# 3 Specify the features that are characteristic for the circulatory type of hypoxia: reducing the flow velocity an increase in arterio-venous oxygen difference acidosis reduction of arterio-venous oxygen difference reduction of the oxygen content in the arterial blood $# 1 Hypoxia, which develops at the local and general circulatory disorders, is called: circulatory mixed hemic vasodilated endogenous $# 2 Specify the reasons of the hypoxia of respiratory type: emphysema of lungs decrease in excitability of the respiratory center CO poisoning nitrate poisoning chronic blood loss hypovitaminosis B12 $# 1 Hypoxia, which develops as result of violations in the utilization of oxygen, is called: tissue exogenous normobaric an exogenous hypobaric circulatory respiratory $# 1 Deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, PP leads to the development of hypoxia: tissue hemic circulatory respiratory exogenous $# 1 Deficiency of thyroid hormones leads to the development of hypoxia: tissue hemic circulatory the respiratory an exogenous $# 1 Cyanide poisoning leads to the development of hypoxia: tissue hemic the circulatory respiratory the exogenous $# 1 Specify the possible causes of tissue-type hypoxia: hydrocyanic acid poisoning carbon monoxide poisoning $# 4 In the pathogenesis of tissue hypoxia has a value: inactivation of respiratory enzymes violation of the synthesis of respiratory enzymes dissociation of oxidation and phosphorylation mitochondrial damage reduction of tissue oxygen demand $# 1 Circulatory-hemic (mixed) type of hypoxia is typical for: acute blood loss organism dehydration pneumonia hemolytic anemia carbon monoxide poisoning (CO) $# 1 The most sensitive to oxygen deficiency are: nervous system structures bone muscles connective tissue kidneys $# 4 In the pathogenesis of hypoxic cell damage has a value: an increase of the sodium in the cell activation of phospholipase release of lysosomal enzymes accumulation of calcium in mitochondria disruption of the membrane pump systems reduction in the intensity of lipid peroxidation $# 3 Urgent compensatory reactions during hypoxia are: the release of deposited blood tachycardia hyperpnea respiratory muscle hypertrophy activation of erythropoiesis $# 2 Provide the long-term adaptation to hypoxia: hypertrophy of the respiratory muscles activation of erythropoiesis the release of deposited blood tachycardia hyperpnea $# 1 Emergency mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia include: tachycardia enhancing erythropoiesis hypertrophy of neurons of the respiratory center activation of angiogenesis suppression of the adrenal cortex $# 1 Emergency mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia include: ejection of blood from the depot enhancing erythropoiesis hypertrophy of neurons of the respiratory center activation of angiogenesis suppression of the adrenal cortex $# 1 The mechanisms of compensation in acute hypoxia does not include: reduction of blood flow velocity redistribution of blood increasing the ventilation of the lungs tachycardia the release of red blood cells from the depot $# 3 Specify the emergency reactions of adaptation to hypoxia: an increase in alveolar ventilation mobilization of deposited blood enhancement of anaerobic glycolysis reduction of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation increase the number of mitochondria in the cell $# 3 Specify the mechanisms leading to an increase in oxygen capacity blood in moderate repeated hypoxia: increase in the formation of erythropoietin acceleration output of erythrocytes from bone marrow into the blood increase in the number of red blood cells an increase in cardiac output increasing the volume of alveolar ventilation $# 2 What changes in the cell can be considered as compensatory during hypoxia activation of glycolysis mobilization of glycogen lowering activity of Na / K+ and Ca2+ - ATPase activation of phospholipase A2 activation of LPO $# 3 What changes are most likely to occur in humans, long-term residents in the mountains an increase in hematocrit cardiac hypertrophy respiratory muscle hypertrophy hypoventilation inhibition of the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins $# 1 Oxygen-deficient compensatory reactions take place on: at all levels the cellular level organ level the system level the organismal level $# 1 Specify the compensatory response of the organism in response to hypoxia and hypoxemia: output of red blood cells from the depot increased blood pressure decreased blood pressure depositing of red blood cells $# 1 Desaturation develops in the transition: from the high pressure to normal from normal pressure to increased from normal pressure to reduced $# 2 What is characteristic of the phase of decompensation of altitude sickness slow down of oxidation- reduction processes CNS depression strengthening of oxidation- reduction processes euphoria $# 1 Saturation develops in the transition: from the normal pressure to increased from high pressure to normal from normal pressure to reduced $# 2 Specify the possible negative consequences of desaturation: gas embolism accumulation of gas bubbles in the cavities high-altitude tissue emphysema the toxic effect of oxygen $# 2 Specify the compensatory response of the organism in response to hypoxia and hypoxemia: tachycardia tachypnea bradycardia bradypnea $# 2 What is characteristic of the phase of decompensation of altitude sickness alkalosis hypocapnia gas acidosis hypercapnia $# 1 Specify that characterizes the preagonal period: consciousness is kept or confused; reduction of reflex activity there is no consciousness; increase of reflex activity $# 1 Specify that characterizes the preagonal period: the blood pressure is reduced; prevails aerobic glycolysis blood pressure is high; convulsive breathing with auxiliary muscles; prevails anaerobic glycolysis $# 1 Specify that characterizes the agonal period: all of the above consciousness is absent sharp decline the conditioned reflex activity in the background prevalence of unconditioned reflex blood pressure rises after a previous decrease during the terminal pause convulsive breathing with auxiliary muscles predominates anaerobic glycolysis $# 1 Specify the changes characteristic of clinical death: all are correct consciousness is absent ocular reflexes are absent blood pressure is zero breath is not defined $# 1 What increases the duration of the period of clinical death a long period of dying; dying in hypothermia; dying in the neonatal period a short period of dying; dying in the conditions of hyperthermia; dying in adulthood $# 1 What reduces the duration of the period of clinical death a short period of dying; dying in the conditions of hyperthermia; dying in adulthood a long period of dying; dying in hypothermia; dying in the neonatal period $# 1 What is the role of cardiac massage in resuscitation all are correct terminates ventricular fibrillation contributes to the maintenance of blood circulation contributes to the restoration of cardiac activity $# 1 What is the role of intra-arterial pumping of blood in resuscitation there is stimulation of the receptors of the heart and coronary vessels, which contributes to the restoration of its activities; leads to the restoration of coronary blood flow terminates ventricular fibrillation of the heart; promotes better blood filling of the left ventricle $# 1 Which method of artificial respiration is the most efficient hardware breath a method of Sylvester breath "mouth to mouth" or "mouth-to-nose" $# 1 What changes are most likely to occur in humans, long-term residents in the mountains erythrocytosis the decrease in the activity of the respiratory enzymes hypotrophy of the heart hypoventilation of lung $# 4 Specify the terminal states: preagonic agonal clinical death terminal pause latent prodromal biological death $# 1 When barotrauma of the lung occurs at the instantaneous pressure increase expressed in the lung with gradually increasing the pressure in the lungs $# 1 Specify the cause of death in the mountainous and high-altitude illness: primary respiratory failure due to paralysis of the respiratory center primary cardiac arrest $# 1 THE MAIN PATHOGENIC MECHANISM OF DECOMPRESSION DAMAGING increasing the solubility of tissue nitrogen a decrease in the solubility of tissue nitrogen lowering the partial pressure of O2 blood a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the blood a decrease in the partial pressure of CO2 in the blood $# 1 THE CAUSE OF RESPIRATORY STOP IN MOUNTAIN SICKNESS IS hypocapnia hypercapnia respiratory acidosis metabolic alkalosis hyperoxia $# 1 LEADING DAMAGING MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HYPERBARIA saturation desaturation tissue hypoxia hyperoxia respiratory alkalosis $# 1 BY WHAT KIND of EFFECT REALIZED THE TOXIC EFFECT OF NITROGEN IN THE CONDITIONS OF HYPERBARIA membrane-damaging effect inactivation of respiratory enzymes (proteotoxic effect) hydrophilic increasing the affinity of Hb for O2 increasing the affinity of Hb for CO2 $# 1 WHICH OF THE EFFECTS OF HYPERBARIA IS LEADING IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS neurotoxic cardiotoxic hepatotoxic immunosuppressive hematotoxic $# 1 WHAT CHANGE IN THE BODY IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE STAGE OF COMPENSATION OF ACUTE MOUNTAIN (ALTITUDE) DISEASE hyperventilation of the lungs decrease in heart rate a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood a decrease in the production of erythropoietins by the kidneys lowering blood pressure $