Hypertension PDF - Causes, Symptoms & Treatment (Arabic).

Hyper blood pressure “hypertension”  Blood Circulation Red blood filled with O2 is pumped from the heart through the arteries to all parts of the body, bringing O2 and food to all tissues of the body. The blood also takes waste from the tissues and returns through the vei...

Hyper blood pressure “hypertension”  Blood Circulation Red blood filled with O2 is pumped from the heart through the arteries to all parts of the body, bringing O2 and food to all tissues of the body. The blood also takes waste from the tissues and returns through the veins to the right atrium Blood Circulation ‫ االذين‬and from there to the right ventricle ‫البطين‬ to be pumped to the lung through the left and right pulmonary arteries ‫ الشريان الرئوي‬to be purified from CO2 and some other gases and saturated with O2 to return the blood through the pulmonary veins ‫ االوردة الرئوية‬o the left atrium and from there to the left ventricle of the heart Where it is pumped back through the aorta and from there to all parts of the body and so on.  Definition of blood pressure Blood pressure is measured by determining: the amount of blood the heart is pumping out and the amount of blood flowing ‫ تدفق‬into the arteries. Blood pressure varies throughout the day in the body naturally. (Depending on emotions and types of salty food, coffee, smoking...) The more blood the heart pumps, the more narrow the arteries, and the higher the blood pressure in the body. Blood pressure: is the amount of pressure the heart generates while pumping blood out of the heart through the arteries 120 (Systolic blood pressure ‫)االنقباضي‬ Blood pressure = -------------------------------------- 80 (Diastolic blood pressure ‫)االنبساطي‬ The amount of pressure (blood pressure) in the arteries when the heart is at rest (that is, while the heart is at rest between each beat). An individual is considered to have high blood pressure if: the systolic pressure is 130 mmHg or more, or the diastolic pressure is more than 90 mmHg or higher, both together. Diastolic Systolic 80= ‫اقل من او‬ 120 = ‫اقل من او‬ Normal 80 ‫اكبر قليال من‬ 129-120 Pre-hypertension 89 – 80 139-130 Stage 1 90 ‫اكثر من‬ 140 ‫اكثر من‬ Stage 2  Symptoms It is called the silent killer because a large percentage of those who suffer from high blood pressure can not realize that they have high blood pressure for several years because there are no visible symptoms of the disease, and suddenly they develop angina pectoris ‫ الذبحة الصدرية‬, hypertrophic heart failure, or fatal heart attack ‫السكتة القلبية‬. ❖ Constant headache ❖ Rapid heart rate ❖ Chest pain ❖ Nose bleeding- ❖ Weakness or dizziness ❖ Constant ringing in the ears ‫طنين االذن‬- ❖ Blurring in the eye ‫ زغللة في العين‬- ❖ Raising body's temperature  ❑ Kidney diseases (in the event of low blood pressure inside the kidneys as a result of the lack of blood flowing Causes volume, the kidneys secrete Renin hormone, which affects the constriction of blood vessels‫)انقباض االوعية الدموية‬ ❑ Diabetes – genetics ❑ obesity, ❑ Smoking ❑ Vascular dysfunction ‫ اورام‬/‫قد تكون خلقية‬. ❑ Taking drugs, alcohol, or cortisone ❑ Mental state (anxiety, stress, fear) ❑ Excessive intake of salt, low potassium ❑ Excessive consumption of fatty foods ❑ Untreated high blood pressure increases the burden placed on the heart (causing heart Complications enlargement) and on the arteries (causing an increase in fat and cholesterol in the arteries and their deposition). ❑ Brain: an explosion‫ انفجار‬in the small arteries, which in turn leads to a brain hemorrhage. ❑ Eyes: bleeding in the eye due to a rupture ‫ تمزق‬in the arteries that supply the eye, which will lead to gradual loss of vision and then blindness.  Complications ❑ Blood vessels: Atherosclerosis occurs due to the deposition of fat on the walls of these vessels, which leads to the gradual narrowing of these vessels, which will lead to poor blood flow within these vessels to the heart, brain, and others, and the injury of these organs to clots and bleeding. ❑ Kidneys: Weakness or narrowing of the blood vessels, which will lead to poor blood flow to the kidneys, and a decrease in the amount of blood to the kidneys leads to a decrease in kidney function, and a general decline in kidney function, which will lead to kidney failure. Treatment ❑ In addition to the drug treatment to reduce high blood pressure, which is decided by the attending physician, there are a number of necessary and important lifestyle changes, often related to nutrition, to prevent high blood pressure. ❑ These changes are to : reduce the intake of table salt and increase the intake of potassium and calcium while limiting the increase in body weight and obesity and increasing physical activity. 1- Reducing weight (especially in the case of obesity in the abdominal area , obesity increase the body’s resistance to insulin / affecting the kidneys, leading to an increase in the re- absorption of Na and an increase in its level) 2- Exercising (improving the level of lipoproteins + Activates blood circulation) 3- Stop smoking (Nicotine: increases the proportion of noradrenaline in the blood, which is a clutch of arteries ‫قابض‬ ‫ للشرايين‬and harmful to the integrity of the mucous membrane layer lining the blood vessels. 4- Sodium: (2000-3000 mg in case of simple pressure) (1000- 2000 mg in case of moderate pressure) (less than 1000 mg in case of severe pressure) Some types of medicines contain Na, cough medicine and aspirin, while (spinach - dark leafy vegetables) has a small percentage of Na The amount of Na is directly proportional ‫ تتناسب طرديا‬to the volume of extracellular fluid and to blood pressure 5- Adding lemon or vinegar improves the taste of food and reduces salt 100 grams of table salt NaCl contains 39.3 grams of sodium Na taken from table salt × 0.393 = grams × 1000 = --------- mg Na 6- Increasing the intake of potassium-rich foods (dilator of small blood vessels ‫ موسع لالوعية الدموية‬, increasing the loss of water and sodium from the body and inhibiting the effect of Renin hormone) (roasted potatoes - grapefruit - oranges - bananas - fruits and vegetables - milk) 7- Calcium intake: so that it does not exceed the needs Eat: garlic - Orange juice - pear - apple - cold soaked hibiscus ‫كركديه منقوع‬- green tea - doum - marjoram ‫البردقوش‬ Eat fish twice week because it contains Omega3 fatty acid. Which reduces blood pressure and arteriosclerosis Away from nervousness Reducing the intake of contraceptive pills Reducing the intake of alcohol and caffeine Increasing the amount of fluids Completely avoiding foods rich in salt Prohibited foods: 1- Meat or fish (preserved – smoked) – sausage – beef burger – meat soup – turkey cheese – cheddar – salted butter 2- preserved fruits and vegetables 3- tomato sauce 4- pickles – spices – mustard – ketchup 5- chips Salted - olives - salted nuts 6- table salt 7- animal fats  RDA Total calories : you have to reduce weight Carb. 55-60% from total calories (including fiber and vegetables) Protein: 10- 15 % Fats : 25% (vegetable oils ) Most food is boiled or grilled, steamed. Diuretics: 1. works on the kidneys to help the body reduce the level of sodium and water to reduce the volume of blood in the vessels. 2. Helps calm blood vessels by preventing the formation of some natural chemicals that narrow blood vessels. Natural substances that benefit the heart and blood circulation: ❑ Oils: oil (fish, cod liver, flax, olive.) ❑ Herbs: garlic, green tea, grape seed extract, turmeric, parsley, soybean because they contain lecithin, fenugreek, olive leaf extract, grape Fruits ❑ All kinds of vitamins, especially the vitamin B group ❑ Antioxidants: Vitamin E, C. ❑ minerals : magnesium, selenium, chromium, zinc, ❑ bioflavonoids, and eating fiber on a regular basis. Important points about the blood pressure measurement process : Before starting to measure blood pressure, the patient must relax for 5 minutes, the patient’s hand must be free of clothes that almost obstruct the measurement process The patient should avoid talking when measuring blood pressure Care must be taken that the patient's hand is stationary and immobile When placing the device in the hand, care must be taken to place the device at the level of the heart. It is better to measure blood pressure twice a day at the same time in the morning and evening for patients with blood pressure. The measurement results should be written on a special note in order to inform the doctor about those results. The place where the blood pressure will be taken must be quiet. The room temperature must be appropriate