Hydrotherapy Lecture 1 PDF

HYDROTHERAPY
PST 309 AKINTAYO NIYI DAVID  OBJECTIVES At the end of this class every student should be able to give: 1. A brief history of Hydrotherapy 2. Define Hydrotherapy 3. Define the properties of water and its importance in patient management ...

HYDROTHERAPY
PST 309 AKINTAYO NIYI DAVID  OBJECTIVES At the end of this class every student should be able to give: 1. A brief history of Hydrotherapy 2. Define Hydrotherapy 3. Define the properties of water and its importance in patient management  CLASS ACTIVITY 1. Define Hydrotherapy 2. List the physical properties of water 3. Explain 4 4. State Archimedes's principle  INTRODUCTION The word "hydrotherapy" was derived from the Greek word hydor, meaning water, and from therapeia, meaning to heal. Hydrotherapy can be administered in many forms, including pools, tanks, baths, and packs Hydrotherapy is also known as aquatic exercise therapy. Hydrotherapy is the external or internal application of water (at different temperatures) for the treatment of physical and psychological dysfunction.  The term (Hydrotherapy)encompasses a broad range of approaches and therapeutic methods. it uses the physical properties of water, such as temperature, buoyancy, cohesion and hydrostatic pressure, for therapeutic purposes. This helps to stimulate blood circulation and treat the different symptoms of some diseases  HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HYDROTHERAPY Hydrotherapy has been in use since the Biblical times Hydrotherapy dates back to (460-375 BC) Hippocrates used hot and cold-water immersion The Greeks developed bathing centers, which included hot and coldwater immersion. By 330 AD, the Romans developed the baths for treating injuries and healing diseases at various water temperatures.  By the1700's and early 1800's, baths were not accept The modern technique used for Hydrotherapy came about because of Vincent Preissnitz who created the "Graefenberg cure” in the 1800’s. He used this cure to help treat almost every ailment that he saw. In the 1930s the teachings of Hydrotherapy was introduced in medical school. 1992 two physical therapists founded a section of the American Physical Therapy Association known as Aquatic Physical Therapy  WATER PROPERTIES Hydrotherapy involves the use of water Water has the inherent following forces which play a role in the effects produced on the body from hydrotherapy: 1. Buoyancy and Gravity 2. Hydrostatic Pressure 3. Cohesion 4. Viscosity 5. Turbulence 6. Temperature  GRAVITY AND BOUYANCY Buoyancy is the force opposing gravity in water According to Archimedes' Principle, “when an object is immersed in a fluid, either completely or partially, there is an upward force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced” this is called buoyancy. When an object is placed in water, it has two opposing forces acting on it: gravity and buoyancy. Gravity is a natural force that pulls objects toward. These two forces are the major factors that contribute to why hydrotherapy is a great way to exercise and to rehabilitate an injury.  HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Hydrostatic pressure allows tension to be evenly distributed over all surfaces of the body. Hydrostatic pressure is directly proportional to the depth and density of the water. This pressure is dependent on the depth of the submerged part and the density of the liquid Therefore, motion is performed more easily near the surface of the water than at greater depths.  TURBULENCE Turbulence is an irregular movement of water molecules. As a person moves throughout the water, the water is also moving It can be created by a person moving in the water or by an underwater jet from a hosepipe connected to a whirlpool. The jet propels water around a painful area or on the tissues directly.  TEMPERATURE Temperature plays a key role in hydrotherapy. The water temperature in a hydrotherapy pool is maintained around 35.5 C and 36.5°C Temperature in conjunction with gravity, buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, and turbulence helps to relieve the body of certain symptoms.  GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF TEMPERATURE – RANGES Very cold 34° – 55°F 1° – 13°C Cold 55° – 65°F 13° – 18°C Cool 65° – 80°F 18° – 27°C Tepid 80° – 92°F 27° – 33.5°C Neutral 92° – 96°F 33.5° – 35.5°C Warm 96 °– 98°F 35.5° – 36.5°C Hot 98° – 104°F 36.5° – 40°C Very hot 104° – 115°F 40 °– 46°C 
COHESION

Water molecules are cohesive; they have the tendency to attract each other. This results in an increase in viscosity of the medium, as compared to that of air, and an increase in resistance to range of motion. 
VISCOSITY




Viscosity is internal friction, the property of liquids that resist relative motion within it. The greater the speed of the liquid, the higher it’s viscosity. Resistance to motion is also dependent on the shape of the body. The more streamlined the body or object, the less force is required to move it through the water. The larger or more spread out the object moving through water, the greater the resistance to motion. viscosity and pressure will play a role in turbulence  REFRACTION The light passing from air into the water will be distorted by the denser water. This means it is difficult to evaluate movement of a limb and its correct position in the water.