HUMAN-REPRODUCTION-REVIEWER.docx

**HUMAN REPRODUCTION REVIEWER** Male Reproductive System Testis - primary male reproductive organ Scrotum - regulate the temperature of the testes or maintain optimal temperature for sperm production Epididymis - stores and matures sperm Testosterone - hormone primarily responsible for the deve...

**HUMAN REPRODUCTION REVIEWER** Male Reproductive System Testis - primary male reproductive organ Scrotum - regulate the temperature of the testes or maintain optimal temperature for sperm production Epididymis - stores and matures sperm Testosterone - hormone primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics Seminal vesicles - responsible for the production of seminal fluid [Vas deferens](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22763-vas-deferens) - is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity Ejaculatory ducts - move through your prostate, where they collect fluid to add to semen Urethra is the tube that carries pee from your bladder outside of your body Prostate adds additional fluid to ejaculate, which helps nourish sperm Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands - they create a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acids that may remain from your pee. **What are common tests to check the health of the male reproductive system?** A healthcare provider may order the following tests to check the health of the male reproductive system: - [Physical examination](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17366-physical-examination). - [Blood test](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/24508-blood-tests). - [Urine test](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17893-urinalysis). - [Ultrasound](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4995-ultrasound). - [X-ray](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/21818-x-ray). - [Computed tomography (CT) scan](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4808-ct-computed-tomography-scan). - [Magnetic resonance imaging](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4876-magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri) (MRI). - [Biopsy](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/15458-biopsy-overview). - [Digital rectal exam](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/24212-digital-rectal-exam). - [Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24615-psa-test). **Additional Information:** \- During a medical examination, a doctor palpates the prostate gland to assess for prostate enlargement or abnormalities \- If a male has a blockage in the vas deferens, he is unable to ejaculate sperm \- If a male experiences low sperm count, he has high levels of estrogen. If a male experiences high sperm count, he has high levels of testosterone. \- As males age, it will decrease their testosterone levels Female Reproductive System Ovary - Primary female reproductive organ responsible for producing eggs. Vagina - Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the external genitalia. Menstruation - Term for the monthly shedding of the uterine lining Fallopian Tube - Structure that serves as the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system. Endometrium - Inner lining of the uterus that thickens during the menstrual cycle and is shed during Menstruation, if fertilization does not occur. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is released by the pituitary gland and triggers ovulation Progesterone - prepares the uterus for pregnancy Estrogen - Hormone primarily responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle. Endometriosis - Structure responsible for producing progesterone after ovulation. Corpus Luteum - Condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Pap smear - Procedure used to collect cells from the cervix for cancer screening. Hysterectomy- Term for the surgical procedure that involves the removal of the uterus Female Hormonal Imbalance occurs when hormones rise above or drop below normal levels in the bloodstream. Hormones are chemicals produced by glands in the endocrine system that tell your cells, tissues, and organs what to do. Hormones help regulate many important functions in the body: - Mood - Body temperature - Metabolism - Heart rate - Sleep - Reproductive cycles - Growth - Stress  Significant hormonal imbalances may lead to serious endocrine conditions that typically require medical attention. Five common endocrine conditions caused by hormonal imbalances include: Diabetes Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism Adrenal insufficiency Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOC) Hypogonadism **Care** **How can you take care of the reproductive system?** - Eat a balanced diet that is high in fiber and low in fat. - Drink plenty of [water](https://www.ck12.org/c/biology/water/). - Get regular [exercise](https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-life-science-2.0/section/11.11/primary/lesson/muscles-and-exercise-ms-ls/). - Maintain a healthy weight. - Get enough sleep. - Avoid using tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs. - Manage stress in healthy ways.