Human Organ Systems Review 2023 - PDF

Hierarchy of Organization Learning Goals: To understand the biological organization of cell specialization from smallest to largest: The Cell --> Tissues --> Organs --> Organ Systems To be able to list the four major categories of tissue types and a main overall function of 11 organ syst...

Hierarchy of Organization Learning Goals: To understand the biological organization of cell specialization from smallest to largest: The Cell --> Tissues --> Organs --> Organ Systems To be able to list the four major categories of tissue types and a main overall function of 11 organ systems.  Hierarchy Cells are the smallest unit of life. Ones that are similar in shape and function work together as tissues. Different types of tissues that work together to accomplish a common goal, form organs. A group of organs that have related functions is called an organ system. Different organ systems can work together in an organism. Complete the flowchart on your note  Cells ▪ Cells are the smallest units of life ▪ Cells with similar shape and function work together to form tissues  Tissues A group of cells that works together to perform a specialized task The human body has 4 primary forms of tissues:  Types of Tissues - Epithelial A covering that protects organs, lines body cavities, and covers the surface of the body Found in different areas such as body coverings, body linings, and glandular tissue Functions: ○ Protection ○ Absorption ○ Filtration ○ Secretion  Types of Tissues - Connective Provides support and holds various parts of the body together Involved in protecting, supporting and binding other tissues Examples: ○ bone ○ adipose (fat) ○ blood ○ cartilage Connects body parts  Types of Tissues - Muscle Contains sheets or bundles of muscle cells that contract to produce movement ○ skeletal muscle - can be controlled voluntarily for movement ○ cardiac muscle - found in the heart, involuntary movement to pump blood ○ smooth muscle - sounds hollow organs for involuntary movement to move substance (ie. intestines) Types of Tissues - Muscle  Types of Tissues - Nervous Provides communication between all body structures Composed of neurons and nerve support cells Need more Clarification or want to extend your learning?  Organs ▪ Different types of tissues working together to accomplish a common goal, are known as organs ▪ Examples: i) Liver ii) Kidney iii) Heart iv) Pancreas  Organs Systems Groups of organs with related functions and structures working together are known as organ systems  Organism Groups of organs with related functions and structures working together are known as organ systems Human Organ Systems Watch: The 11 Human Organ Systems Digestive System Major Organs: esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas Digestive System Digestive System Major Function: Physical & Chemical break down of food for energy Circulatory System Major Organs: heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) Circulatory System Circulatory System Major Function: Transportation of nutrients, gases and wastes, defense against infection. Respiratory System Major Organs: Lungs, Trachea, Blood vessels Respiratory System Respiratory System Major Function: Gas exchange (oxygen & carbon dioxide) Reproductive System Major Organs: testes,vas deferens, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, glands Reproductive System Reproductive System Major Function: Production of new offspring Excretory System Major Organs: kidneys, bladder, urethra, ureter, liver Excretory System Excretory System Major Function: Removes waste products from blood Musculoskeletal System Major Organs: Muscles, Bones, Cartilage Musculoskeletal System Musculoskeletal System Major Function: Movement of body and body parts - skeleton: provides a frame to support and protect organs Endocrine System Major Organs: pancreas, pituitary gland, adrenal glands Endocrine System Endocrine System Major Function: Coordination and regulation of body activities Nervous System Major Organs: Brain, spinal cord, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, peripheral nerves Nervous System  Nervous System Major Function: Responds to environment, controls body activities Lymphatic System Major Organs: Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils Lymphatic System Lymphatic System Major Function: helps fight off infections and maintains fluid balance Integumentary System Major Organs: Skin Internal membranes Integumentary System  Integumentary System Main Function: Protection from external environment Temperature regulation Elimination of waste through pores