Human Behavior and Victimology PDF

HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY PRINCESS CARLA NICOLE ABALOS, RCRIM.  HUMAN BEHAVIOR  REFERS TO THE MANNER, THE WAY IN WHICH A HUMAN REACT TO HIS ENVIRONMENT VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY ATTITUDE A PERSON ADOPTS IN ORDER TO FIT SOCIETY’S IDEA OF RIGHT OR WRONG. PARTLY DETERMINED BY HEREDI...

HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY PRINCESS CARLA NICOLE ABALOS, RCRIM.  HUMAN BEHAVIOR  REFERS TO THE MANNER, THE WAY IN WHICH A HUMAN REACT TO HIS ENVIRONMENT VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY ATTITUDE A PERSON ADOPTS IN ORDER TO FIT SOCIETY’S IDEA OF RIGHT OR WRONG. PARTLY DETERMINED BY HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT AND MODIFIED THROUGH  USES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR SENSATION  The feeling or impression created by a given stimulus or cause, that leads to a particular reaction or behavior, in short, the effects e.g. Visual (sight), Olfactory (smell) , Cutaneous (touch) ,Auditory (hearing) ,Gustatory (taste).  USES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR PERCEPTION The person's knowledge of a given stimulus which largely help to determine the actual behavioral response in a given situation. (Knowledge of stimulus) AWARENESS The psychological activity based on interpretation or past experience with a given stimulus or object ATTRIBUTES OF BEHAVIOR DURATION (Period) INTENSITY The magnitude, whether  How long in terms mild, strong and of function of time disintegrated EXTENSITY QUANTITY The size, distance  Whether normal, and location abnormal, misleading or unacceptable PSYCHOLOGY IS THE TOTALITY OR SUM OF ALL ACTIONS, ATTITUDES, THOUGHTS, MENTAL STATES OF A PERSON OR GROUPS OF PERSONS , IT IS THE SCIENCE DEALING WITH THE MIND OF HUMAN BEING INCLUDING ANIMAL BEHAVIOR. PSYCHIATRY CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR IS INTENTIONAL BEHAVIOR THAT VIOLATES A CRIMINAL CODE; INTENTIONAL IN THAT IT DID NOT OCCURS ACCIDENTALLY OR UNDER DURESS. DEVIANT BEHAVIOR A BEHAVIOR THAT DEVIATES FROM THE NORMS AND STANDARDS OF THE SOCIETY. IT IS NOT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR BUT IT HAS THE TENDENCY TO BECOME ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR, IT WILL BECOME CRIMINALS WHEN  CRIMINAL PSYCHIATRY  BRANCH OF PSYCHIATRY THAT DEALS WITH THE EVALUATIONS, PREVENTION AND CURE OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR. CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY A BRANCH OF SOCIOLOGY THAT STUDIES ABOUT THE CRIMINAL AND TO ITS RELATION TO THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OR ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY AS WELL THE CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY A BRANCH OS PSYCHOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCESSES OF THE DETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIOR I. HEREDITY/ BIOLOGICAL FACTORS (NATURE) ARE THOSE THAT EXPLAINED BY HEREDITY, THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A PERSON ACQUIRED FROM BIRTH TRANSFERRED FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER. II. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS  PATHOGENIC FAMILY STRUCTURE I. INADEQUATE FAMILY  CHARACTERIZED BY THE INABILITY TO COPE WITH THE ORDINARY PROBLEMS OF FAMILY LIVING AND LACKS THE RESOURCES, PHYSICAL/ PSYCHOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF FAMILY SATISFACTION. II. ANTI – SOCIAL FAMILY  UNNACEPTABLE VALUES AS A RESULT OF THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTS TO THEIR  PATHOGENIC FAMILY STRUCTURE III.DISCORDANT / DISTURBED FAMILY  CHARACTERIZEDBY NON SATISFACTION OF ONE OR BOTH PARENT FROM THE RELATIONSHIP THAT MAY EXPRESS FEELING FRUSTRATION. IV.DISRUPTED FAMILY  CHARACTERIZEDBY INCOMPLETENESS WHETHER AS A RESULT OF DEATH, DIVORCE,  PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN ADJUSTMENT  MOST OF MANS BEHAVIOR CAN E TRACED TO HIS ATTEMPTS TO SATISFY HIS NEEDS. ALL OF US HAVE CERTAIN FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS THAT WE SEEK TO SATISFY. THESE NEEDS CREATE TENSIONS IN THE HUMAN BODY. WHEN WE ARE ABLE TO SATISFY OUR NEEDS , THE TENSIONDEFINED DISAPPEARS, AS THE ADJUSTMENT HAS BEEN SATISFACTION MADE. OF A CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN 1.CONSCIOUSBEHAVIOR  STATE OF AWARENESS OF THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, PERCEPTION AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE ENVIRONMENT. 2.OVERT  OPEN TO PUBLIC OBSERVATION 3.COVERT  UNSEENOBJECTS SUCH AS THOUGHTS, FEELINGS OR RESPONSES WHICH ARE NOT  CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN 4.RATIONAL BEHAVIOR  PERTAININGTO REASON, INFLUENCED OR GUIDED BY REASON RATHER THAN EMOTION. IRRATIONAL- ILLOGICAL 5.VOLUNTARY  INTENTIONAL INVOLUNTARY- DOING SOMETHING AGAINST YOUR WILL, ACTION MADE WITHOUT INTENT OR CARRIED OUT DESPITE AN ATTEMPT TO  LEVELS OF BEHAVIOR I. THE VEGETATIVE  RESPONSIBLE FOR NURTURING AND REPRODUCTION , MOSTLY FOUND IN LEVELS OF BEHAVIOR II.THE ANIMAL  MOVEMENT AND SENSATION,MOSTLY THE USE OF SENSES AND SEX DRIVES. III.THE RATIONAL/ PSYCHE/ HUMAN  VALUESAND MORALS , REASONS AND THE WILL ( PURPOSE AND FREEDOM)  WHAT IS NORMAL BEHAVIOR?  (ADAPTIVE OR ADJUSTED BEHAVIOR) IS THE STANDARD BEHAVIOR. THE TOTALLY ACCEPTED BEHAVIOR BECAUSE THEY FOLLOW THE STANDARD NORM OF THE SOCIETY.  CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMALPERSON EFFICIENT PERCEPTION OF REALITY SELF- KNOWLEDGE ABILTY TO EXERCISE VOLUNTARY CONTROL OVER HIS BEHAVIOR SELF-ESTEEM AND ACCEPTANCE PRODUCTIVITY ABILITY TO FORM AFFECTIONATE RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHERS WHAT IS ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR?  (MALADAPTIVE/ MALADJUSTED BEHAVIOR) GROUP OF BEHAVIORS THAT ARE DEVIANT FROM SOCIAL EXPECTATION BECAUSE THEY GO AGAINST THE NORMS OR “A.B” IS A LATIN INITIALS WHICH MEANS “AWAY FROM” AS A BEHAVIOR WHICH IS AWAY FROM DEVIATING FROM THE NORMAL BEHAVIOR  GUIDELINES FOR JUDGING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR APPROPRIATENESS (assessment of not only the behavior itself but also the situation in which it is happening). FLEXIBILITY (Normal behavior tends to be flexible as a sign of healthy behavior).  GUIDELINES FOR JUDGING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IMPULSIVITY (Normal behavior is more likely to be a result of a consideration of its consequences, with important decisions being given careful thought before implementation) Abnormal behavior, being uncontrolled or partially controlled needs and drives, tends to impulsive.  INDICATIONS OF AN ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR 1.Deviation from statistical norm - many population facts are measured such as height, weight and intelligence and some do not adhere to statistical norm. A person who is extremely intelligent would be classified as abnormal.  INDICATIONS OF AN ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR 2.Deviation from social norms - behavior that deviates from that standard is considered to be abnormal behavior. But those standards can change with time and vary from one society to another.  INDICATIONS OF AN ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR 3. Maladaptiveness Of Behavior this third criterion is how the behavior affects the well-being of the individual and /or social group. Examples: A man who attempts suicide; An alcoholic who drinks so heavily that he or she cannot keep  DESCRIPTION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR 1.Human behavior is motivated motivation - driving force behind all action of an organism 2.Human behavior has multiple causes. - Influenced by culture  DESCRIPTION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR 3. Every person is different yet the same. Individual is a unique person, 4.People play an integral part in creating their experience 5. Human lives are continuous process of change. DESCRIPTION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR 6. Human behavior can be adaptive and maladaptive  Human are social beings Any person depend upon each other for survival People need interaction  THEORETICAL APPROACHES ABOUT THE FACTORS THAT CAUSE, MAINTAIN, ALTER BEHAVIOR, AND MENTAL PROCESS: 1. Psychodynamic Approach - Is based on the belief that childhood experiences greatly influence the development of late personality traits and psychological problems. It also stresses the influence of unconscious fears, desires and motivations on thoughts and behavior. 2. Humanistic Approach Emphasizes that each individual has great freedom in directing his/her future, a large capacity for personal growth , a considerable amount of intrinsic worth and enormous potential for self-fulfillment. 3. Behavioral Approach - Studies how organism learn new behavior or modify existing ones, depending on whether events in their environment reward of punish these behavior. 4.. Cognitive Approach - Examines how we process, store, and use information, and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember believe and feel. 5. Biological Approach -Focuses on how genes, hormones & nervous system interact with the environment to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions at coping techniques  The Needs According to Maslow: 1. BIOGENIC NEEDS needs of the body which exist for the maintenance of health and protection of the body against physical injuries. These include the need for food, air, water, rest, sex, avoidance of pain. 2. PSYCHOGENIC OR SOCIOGENIC NEEDS refers to the need for love and affection, for security, for growth and achievement, and recognition from another human beings.  HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS 1. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS Needs such as air, food, water, shelter, rest, sleep, activity and temperature maintenance are crucial for survival. 2. SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS The need for safety has both physical and psychological aspects. The person needs to feel safe both in the physical environment and in relationship.  HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS 3. LOVE AND BELONGING NEEDS The third level needs includes giving and receiving affection, attaining a place in group, and maintaining the feeling of belonging. 4. SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS The individual needs both self-esteem (ex. Feelings of independence, competence, and self-respect) and esteem from others (ex. Recognition, respect, and appreciation)  HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS 5. SELF-ACTUALIZATION: When the need for self-esteem is satisfied, the individual strives for self-actualization, the innate need to develop one's maximum potential and realize one's abilities and qualities. NOTE: Human needs cannot always be satisfied. Obstacles and difficulties sometimes stand in the way between the individual and his goal. These obstacles may lie in the individual himself.  PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY (SIGMUND FREUD) This theory explained that human behavior is motivated by an inner force called the human mind. Crime is caused by either weak conscience or overbearing conscience. Freud's theory describes a conflict between a person's instinctual needs for gratification. This theory proposes that conflicts among unconscious motivating factors affect behavior  Column1 An individual’s behavior is Ego presumed to be Super Ego due to the three aspects of his Id personality super ego ego 3rd Qtr ID  Instinctual drive Destructive Refers to things such as aggression, destruction and death THE EGO  Is the one that relates to the world or reality to satisfy the demands of the ID. It uses problem solving based on how it judges reality. It controls the demands of & mediates between the ID and the superego.  Begins in the first 6 or 8 months of life and fairly well developed at age 2 or 3 years  Serves to control and guide actions of an individual  THE SUPEREGO  Is our conscience, a residue of internalized values &moral training of early childhood. It rewards the moral behavior and punishes actions that are not acceptable by creating guilt.  Develops around the age of 3-4 or 4-5 and fairly well developed at age 10 years  TYPES OF PERSONALITY CONFLICTS OR ANXIETY 1. REALISTIC ANXIETY - this refers to the feeling of fear towards certain external object, situation, or action, that the society generally regard as a threat or dangerous to the concerned person. It is what a person feels when a criminal points the muzzle of his firearm towards him. 2. MORAL ANXIETY - this is a type of anxiety produced by the tensions between the ego and the superego. In certain times, the id provokes the ego to resort in unacceptable behaviors causing the superego to regulate the former.  TYPES OF PERSONALITY CONFLICTS OR ANXIETY 3. NEUROTIC ANXIETY - this is produced by the conflict between the id and the ego. This is felt when the impulses of the id overwhelms the ego. Frustration displacement, losing your temper, and drinking alcohol, are few examples of neurotic anxiety. DEFENSE MECHANISM  A mental process initiated, typically unconsciously. To avoid conscious conflict or anxiety.  DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEFENSE MECHANISM 1.Repression Unconscious mechanism in which the ego pushes disturbing or threatening thoughts out of consciousness. Involves intentional forgetting. 2. Rationalization - a defense mechanism where the ego excuses an inappropriate behavior though a gesture (often an explanation) that is more acceptable than the real and unconscious motive.  DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEFENSE MECHANISM 3. Introjection an ego defense mechanism where the individual imitates the characteristics of another to gain acceptance 4. Isolation or Intellectualization  this refers to the ego defense mechanism which eliminates the feeling or emotion associated with a threatening event, object, or person. The strategy is to become emotionless to pursue normal psychological function.  DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEFENSE MECHANISM 5. Reaction Formation  this is often called "believing the opposite". A primitive version of sublimation, this ego defense mechanism changes the anxiety-provoking or unacceptable impulses into acceptable ones. However, unlike sublimation, reaction formation, reverses the individual's conscious experience making him aware of the opposite feeling.  DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEFENSE MECHANISM 6. Denial  the ego blocks upsetting or overwhelming experiences from awareness, causing the individual to refuse to acknowledge or believe what is happening. 7. Projection the ego's attempt to solve discomfort by attributing the individual's unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and motives to another person.  DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEFENSE MECHANISM 8. Displacement  a mechanism by which the individual can satisfy an impulse by acting on a substitute object or person in a socially unacceptable way (e.g., releasing frustration directed toward your boss on your spouse instead). 9. Regression  a defense mechanism in which the individual moves backward in development in order to cope with stress (e.g., an overwhelmed adult acting like a child).  DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEFENSE MECHANISM 10. Sublimation similar to displacement, this defense mechanism involves satisfying an impulse by acting on a substitute, but in a socially acceptable way (e.g., channeling energy into work or a constructive hobby).  Fixation  refers to either inadequate or excessive pleasure, or to the conflicts during the stages of psychosexual development in which the target of the sexual energy remains attached to an object associated with lower level of maturity.  it is the state of being confined or being stuck in a certain stage.  Reasons for being "fixated" (stuck) in a Stage Inadequate fulfillment of the development needs in a certain stage which causes frustration. Excessive fulfillment of development needs which causes indulgence.  FREUD'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Oral -0-18 months The infants pleasure is believed to center around gratification from using his mouth for sucking and satisfying hunger. Feeling and activities are focused on &expressed by the mouth and are orally dominated. Weaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly Anal- 18 mos. - 3 years - Begins w/ the attainment of neuromuscular control of the anal sphincter. - Toilet training is the crucial issue for the toddler. Fixation can lead to anal retentive or expulsive behaviors in adulthood.  FREUD'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Oedipus Complex a term used to describe to a boy's feeling of jealousy towards their father and the feeling of desire towards their mother. Castration anxiety  a term used to describe the boy's feeling of fear towards their father. In here, the boy assumed that his father will take revenge and punish him by castrating him.  FREUD'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Electra complex  A term used to describe girl's desire of affection and love for their dad. However, unlike boys, Freud (1905) argued that girls are unable to experience castration anxiety. In this stage, girls experienced what Freud called as "penis envy". Sigmund freud believed that children do not recognize the external anatomical differences between males and females prior to the phallic phase. FREUD'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Latent (latency)- 6-12 years The child realizes that desires directed to the parent of opposite sex are not feasible, and become occupied with socializing with peers, refining roles and relationships. Sexuality is repressed (Latent means "hidden"). Children participate in hobbies, school, and same-sex friendships that strengthen their sexual identity.  FREUD'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Genital- 12 - 20 years *adult sexuality Develops awareness of body & sexual part. Incestuous sexual feelings re-emerge but being prohibited by the superego are redirected toward others who resemble the person's opposite sex parent. Healthy adults find pleasure in love and work, fixated adults have their energy tied up in earlier stages.  ATTRIBUTES OF BEHAVIOR DURATION (Period) INTENSITY  How long in terms The magnitude, whether of function of time mild, strong and disintegrated EXTENSITY QUANTITY The size, distance  Whether normal, and location abnormal, misleading or unacceptable MJB