HUMA 156 Ch. 1 - Fall 2024 PDF

HUMA 156 – Human Behavior & Well-Being Textbook: Introduction to Biosocial Medicine Chapter 1 Understanding Human Behavior 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 1 ...

HUMA 156 – Human Behavior & Well-Being Textbook: Introduction to Biosocial Medicine Chapter 1 Understanding Human Behavior 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 1  Definition: Well-being generally includes global judgments of life satisfaction, health, and engagement with life. Well-being is a positive outcome that is meaningful for people and for What Is Well- many sectors of society, because it tells us that people Being? perceive that their lives are going well. ▪ At its essence, well-being has to do with the quality of our life as we perceive it. 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 2  Subjective Well-Being aka Happiness THE QUALITY OF LIFE LADDER KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 8/28/2024 3  Well-being is associated with numerous health-, job-, family-, and economically-related benefits. Self-perceived health. Longevity. Why Is Well- Healthy behaviors. Mental and physical health. For example, higher levels of well-being are Being associated with decreased risk of disease, illness, and injury; better immune functioning; speedier recovery. Important? Social connectedness. Productivity. For example, Individuals with high levels of well-being are more productive at work and are more likely to contribute to their communities At the societal level, better well-being can lead to lower healthcare costs for society as a whole. A society with a focus on well-being tends to have stronger communities, better social cohesion, and a higher overall happiness index. 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 4  Much of the quality of our life is directly affected by our own patterns of behavior. Definition: Human Behavior is the potential and Human expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal Behavior and external stimuli throughout their life. Human behavior is studied by the social sciences, which include psychology and sociology. “manner of conducting oneself in the external relations of life... The manner in which a thing acts under specified conditions or circumstances, or in relation to other things” (p. 2). “the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary” (p. 2). 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 5  ▪ Note that human behavior is not always visible or easily observable, for example: ◦ Thoughts and cognitive processes ◦ Emotions Human ◦ Motivations and intentions ◦ Personality traits Behavior ▪ Human behavior has three core components: ◦ our perception of external stimuli; ◦ our interpretation of those stimuli; and ◦ our response to that interpretation (p. 5). 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 6 Perception of external stimuli 7 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN Perceptual illusion 8 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN  We respond to our interpretation § Regardless whether our interpretation is correct or incorrect. o Example: A teacher graded a student’s assignment harshly. KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 8/28/2024 9  Why Study BioSocial Well- Being? ▪ “Behavior patterns represent the single most prominent domain of influence over health prospects” (p. 1). ▪ “The single greatest opportunity to improve health and reduce premature deaths lies in personal behavior” (p. 1). ▪ Understanding human behavior is essential if medical students and doctors are to provide more effective health care. While 40 percent of premature deaths can be attributed to such dangerous behaviors as smoking, overeating, inactivity, and drug or alcohol use, medical education has generally failed to address how these behaviors are influenced by social forces. KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 8/28/2024 10  “Thus, the determinants of health are best conceptualized as biosocial phenomena, in which health and disease emerge through the interaction between biology and the social environment” (p. Why Study vii). BioSocial Well- Being? Michael Westerhaus, Amy Finnegan, Mona Haidar, Arthur Kleinman, Joia Mukherjee, and Paul Farmer, “The Necessity of Social Medicine in Medical Education,” Academic Medicine, 2015 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 11  Definition: Biology = the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution. Biology, Definition: Human Biology = the physiology, behavior, and other qualities of homo sapiens. Psychology, Sociology Definition: Psychology = “the study of mind and behavior” Definitions (p. 2). Psychology explores the development of the human mind from biological roots through the life course Definition: Sociology = “the scientific study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture” (p. 2) 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 12 Biology, Psychology, Sociology Combined 13 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN  Example: Smoking Behavior ▪ The UAE's National Tobacco Control Committee intends to bring a complete ban on smoking in public areas. ▪ Reducing consumption of cigarettes and tobacco products is one of the key performance indicators of the pillar of world-class healthcare of the UAE National Agenda. ▪ The UAE aimed to reduce tobacco consumption from 21.6 per cent to 15.7 per cent among men and from 1.9 per cent to 1.66 per cent among women by the year 2021. 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 14 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 15  Example: Smoking Behavior o Nicotine Addiction o Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more susceptible to nicotine addiction or vulnerable to the negative health effects of smoking. o Peer Pressure: Social interactions with friends and peers who smoke can o Coping Mechanisms: Some individuals may influence an individual's decision to use smoking as a way to cope with stress, start or continue smoking. anxiety, or other emotional challenges. o Cultural Norms: In some cultures, o Self-efficacy: People with higher self-efficacy smoking might be more socially may find it easier to quit smoking, leading to acceptable or even encouraged, improved well-being. affecting smoking rates and attitudes toward smoking. 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 16  Socrative Time! HUMA156GLENN 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 17  ▪ Q 1.1 – Define and explain the importance of well-being. Chapter 1 Short ▪ Q 1.2 – Why is it important to study biosocial well-being? ▪ Q1.3 – Explain how biosocial medicine combines the concepts of Answer three (3) fields of knowledge. Questions ▪ Q 1.4 – What is human behavior, and why is it important to well- being? 8/28/2024 KU-HUMA156 BY GLENN MUSCHERT AND EMMA CHEN 18