English for Academic & Professional Purposes PDF

Here is the content of the images converted into a structured markdown format: # English for Academic and Professional Purposes WEEK 2 ## Opening Prayer Lord God of all wisdom, We pray for La Consolacion University Philippines that she may be faithful to the purposes of our foundresses, Mo. Rit...

Here is the content of the images converted into a structured markdown format: # English for Academic and Professional Purposes WEEK 2 ## Opening Prayer Lord God of all wisdom, We pray for La Consolacion University Philippines that she may be faithful to the purposes of our foundresses, Mo. Rita and Venerable Mo. Consuelo. Continue to promote the search for truth and knowledge and be an inspiration for others to follow. May we be a community of scholars sharing this ambition caring for one another and loyal to the truth revealed to us as your disciples. AMEN. ## ATTENDANCE! ## REVIEW ### The WHY Spiral Why is it that when you are "close" to a friend, you are also "open" to each other? Why do 7-ELEVEN stores have doors when it is "Open for 24 hours"? Why is it called "lunch box" when breakfast and dinner can also be inside it? # Academic Writing THE STRUCTURE AND FEATURES OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT ## Lesson Objectives: 1. Analyze the structure of a specific academic text. 2. Revise the provided text by identifying and marking corrections, reordering phrases as needed, and ensuring proper structure, coherence, and alignment with the conventions of academic writing and; 3. demonstrate commitment to academic integrity by adhering to academic writing conventions and valuing transparency in the writing process. ## Inclusive Language Check: **Identifying Politically Correct Terms** Below is a list of politically incorrect words. Identify and write the politically correct version for each term in the space provided. Be mindful of using inclusive and respectful language. | Politically Incorrect Word | Politically Correct Version | | :------------------------- | :----------------------------------- | | Elderly | Older adult or senior citizen | | Tribe | Indigenous community or group | | Third World | Developing country or Global South | | Manpower | Workforce or personnel | | Handicapped | Person with a disability | | Fireman | Firefighter | | Poor | Financially challenged | | Salesman | Salesperson or Sales associate | | Squatter | Informal settler | | Businessman | Businessperson or Entrepreneur | What is Academic Writing? ## Why is it important to learn ACADEMIC WRITING? Academic Writing Involves questions and issues that need to be evaluated and analyzed methodically, oftentimes involving research. As such, academic writing relies on credibility of facts and evidence. ### Academic Blueprint: Text Under the Lens Let's analyze the given text to identify its structure and evaluate its features as aspects of a professional and academic text. The political system of the Philippines is a democratic republic, characterized by a presidential form of government where power is divided among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Elections, held every three years, are a cornerstone of this system, serving as the primary mechanism through which citizens exercise their right to choose leaders who will represent their interests. However, the process often encounters challenges such as vote-buying, misinformation, and political dynasties, which undermine its integrity. To ensure the effectiveness of elections, Filipino citizens must critically evaluate candidates based on their qualifications, platforms, and track records rather than being swayed by superficial factors such as popularity or familial ties. Moreover, active participation in civic activities, such as attending political forums and verifying information from reliable sources, empowers voters to make informed decisions. Upholding democratic values also entails holding elected officials accountable by monitoring their performance and demanding transparency in governance. By fostering a culture of political engagement and responsibility, the Filipino electorate can contribute to the development of a more robust and equitable political system that truly reflects the will of the people. **Academic Text** ## GROUP ACTIVITY: **GROUP 1** Analyze the text and its structures by identifying the topic, role, purpose, tone, and audience. Summarize your findings and be ready to present them to the class. **GROUP 2** Examine the text to determine if it demonstrates formality. Provide reasons for your assessment based on the language, tone, and structure used. **GROUP 3** Evaluate the text to determine if it demonstrates objectivity. Explain whether the text maintains a neutral, unbiased tone and provide examples to support your assessment. **GROUP 4** Analyze the text to determine if it demonstrates explicitness. Assess whether the ideas are clearly and directly expressed, and provide reasons for your evaluation based on the text. **GROUP 5** Examine the text to determine if it demonstrates caution. Determine if the language used conveys careful consideration, and explain why based on the tone and phrasing. **General Instruction for All Groups:** You have 10 minutes to brainstorm and analyze the text. Afterward, each group will have 3 minutes to present your finding to the class. | Criteria | 5- Excellent | 4-Good | 3- Satisfactory | 2 - Needs Improvement | 1- Poor | Score | | :----------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---- | | Comprehension of the Text | Demonstrates athorough understanding of the text's structuresand features. | Demonstrates a clearunderstanding of most aspects of the text. | Demonstrates a basic understandingof the text withsome gaps in keyelements. | Shows limitedunderstanding of thetext's structure andfeatures. | Does notdemonstrateadequateunderstanding of thetext. | | | Analysis and Explanation | Provides insightful andwell-explained analysiswith strong supportingevidence for allidentified features. | Provides clear analysiswith adequateexplanation andsupporting evidencefor most features. | Provides a basicanalysis withminimal explanationor examples. | Provides limited orunclear analysis withfew examples. | Provides nomeaningful analysisor explanation. | | | Clarity andOrganization of the Presentation | Presentation is clear,well-organized, andconcise with excellentuse of time. | Presentation is clearand organized withgood use of time. | Presentation issomewhat clear,with minor issues inorganization or timemanagement. | Presentation lacksclarity, organization,or is rushed. | Presentation isunclear,disorganized, orincomplete. | | | Engagement andTeam Collaboration | Team works cohesively,and all memberscontribute equally,demonstrating excellentcollaboration. | Team works welltogether, and mostmembers contributeequally. | Team collaborates,but some membersare less engaged orcontribute less. | Team collaboration islimited, with unevenparticipation. | Team shows poorcollaboration andminimalparticipation. | | | Total: | | | | | | Score | #### Rubric for "Academic Blueprint: Text Under the Lens" Activity ### Structure of Academic Text How academic text should be written? 1. TOPIC * What am I going to share? * What is the text about? 2. ROLE * Who am I as a writer? 3. PURPOSE * Why am I writing this? * to inform * to analyze * to persuade * to criticize 4. TONE * What is my attitude? 5. AUDIENCE * Who are my readers? * Who are you writing for? ### Features of Academic Writing How academic text should be written? #### Formality Choose Expanded words over Contracted words. Example: * Don't --> Do not * Shouldn't --> Should not #### Choose One-word verbs over Two-word verbs Example: * Find out --> Discover * Call off --> Cancel Avoid using Abbreviations. Example: * Ave. --> Avenue * Dept. --> Department Avoid using Colloquial words or Idiomatic Expressions * stuff * "keep your eyes on" Avoid Politically Incorrect Words Example: * Crippled --> PWD * Policeman --> Police Officer * Poor --> Financially Challenged ### Objectivity Focuses on presenting facts, evidence, and logical reasoning rather than personal opinions or emotions. Avoids biased or subjective statements. Avoid using Emotive Language. Example: * The police investigators were shocked to see the results of the tests. * The police investigators did not expect the results. ### Explicitness Clearly states the purpose, structure, and arguments. Avoids ambiguity by defining key terms and concepts. Use Conjunctions and Connectors. Example: Climate change poses significant risks to biodiversity. However, implementing effective mitigation strategies remains challenging due to socioeconomic and political barriers. ### Caution Uses hedging language to indicate uncertainty and avoid over generalization. Acknowledges limitations in arguments or evidence. Avoid Hasty Generalization Example: All students perform better with online learning. Many students perform better with online learning. Do you have any questions? ### Let's Practice! FEATURE IDENTIFICATION: Identify the specific features and structures of a given text. Climate change is a significant global issue that requires immediate attention. Research indicates that rising global temperatures and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events are linked to human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation (Smith & Brown, 2023). To mitigate the impact of climate change, it is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable practices and international cooperation. Although challenges exist, evidence suggests that proactive measures can significantly reduce the risks associated with climate change (Johnson et al., 2021). ### Let's do it! Read the text and revise it to align with the features of academic writing, including formality, objectivity, explicitness, and caution. Some people think that climate change is a super big problem, and we're all doomed if we don't so something ASAP. I mean, just look at how hot summers are getting and how wild storms have been lately-it's crazy, right? Scientists are pretty sure that human activities, like driving cars and cutting down trees, are the bad guys here. They say we need to stop polluting, but honestly, it's kind of hard to believe we can really fix this mess. Maybe things will just sort themselves out? | Criteria | Excellent (5) | Proficient (4) | Developing (3) | Beginning (1-2) | Score | | :----------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---- | | Formality and Objectivity | The text is fully revised to use formal academic language, avoiding slang or colloquialisms. It is entirely objective, with no personalopinions or biased language. | The text uses formal language with minimal informal expressions,and the content is mostly objective with only minorsubjective instances. | The text includes some informal language or subjective content,but most of it is revised to be more formal andobjective. | The text contains significant informal language and/or subjective opinions, making it less academic in tone. | | | Explicitness and Clarity | The text is clear, precise, and fully developed. Ideas arewell-organized, and there is no ambiguity. | The text is mostly clear and precise but could benefitfrom further elaboration refinement in some areas. | The text is somewhat unclear or vague, with areasthat need more explicit detail or refinement. | The text lacks clarity and contains many vague or poorly defined concepts, making it difficult to follow. | | | Caution and Hedging | The text uses appropriate hedging language toacknowledge uncertainty or qualifications, wherenecessary, without overgeneralizing. | The text uses some hedging language but could be more consistent inacknowledging uncertainty. | The text includes limited or inconsistent hedging, withsome claims made with unnecessary certainty. | The text lacks any hedging, making definitive claims without reflecting the complexity or uncertainty of the subject. | | | Total: | | | | | Score | Do you have any questions? How can academic writing and texts represent concepts, create relationships, and evaluate things? How do you perceive the role of transparency in academic writing, and what impact do you think clear presentation and adherence to writing conventions have on the credibility of academic work? How is academic writing different from other types of writing? ## Lesson Objectives: 1. Analyze the structure of a specific academic text. 2. Revise the provided text by identifying and marking corrections, reordering phrases as needed, and ensuring proper structure, coherence, and alignment with the conventions of academic writing and; 3. demonstrate commitment to academic integrity by adhering to academic writing conventions and valuing transparency in the writing process. ## Assignment: Read about the various rhetorical patterns used in academic writing from a textbook or another reliable academic source. Analyze how these patterns are applied and consider their purpose in constructing clear and effective academic texts. ## Closing Prayer Heavenly Father, as we come to the end of our time together, we thank you for what has been accomplished here today. May the matters discussed serve as a catalyst to move us forward and cause us to advance and see growth in all areas of our lives. May we leave here recognizing You are the God of all wisdom and You are willing to lead us forward. This we pray in the name of the Lord Jesus. Amen. Thank you for attentive listening!