English for Hotel Technical Schools - Student Book PDF
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مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية
1
Mr. Mohamed Gomaa, Mr. Mostafa Zaghloul, Mrs. Eman Yusuf
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This textbook, English for Hotel Technical Schools, Year One, focuses on hotel management vocabulary, practical exercises, and functional language. It's designed for students learning English in the context of the hospitality industry. Includes units on hotel operations, arrival/departure procedures, restaurant etiquette, travel documents, and business letters.
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وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية English for Hotel Technical Schools Student Book Year One Edited and Compiled by Mr. Mohamed Gomaa Mr. Mostafa Zagh...
وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية English for Hotel Technical Schools Student Book Year One Edited and Compiled by Mr. Mohamed Gomaa Mr. Mostafa Zaghloul Revised by Mrs. Eman Yusuf ELT General Manager, MOETE P age|1 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Contents Unit Topic Page One At the Hotel 3 Two Arrival and Departure 21 Three At the Restaurant 35 Four At the airport 44 Five Travel Document 59 Six Business Letter 70 P age|2 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Unit 1 By the end of this Unit, you will be able to learn the following use vocabulary about the hotel Read about types of hotels to answer questions Write about types of hotels Practise making question about personal information Learn how to use countable and uncountable nouns correctly Learn how to use functional language to book a room Listen about travelling to use words and write questions P age|3 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Unit One At the Hotel Unit 1 Vocabulary Study the following vocabulary and sentences word Meaning example sentence part of speech adjoining rooms two hotel rooms with If you want we can book your parents noun a door in the centre in an adjoining room. attractions things for tourists to The zoo is our city's most noun see and do popular attraction for kids. baggage bags and suitcases If you need help with noun packed with personal your baggage we have a cart you can belongings use. Bed and a home that offers a I can book you into a beautiful Bed Breakfast place to stay and a and Breakfast on the lake. noun place to eat bellboy a staff member who The bellboy will take your bags to noun helps guests with your room for you. their luggage book arrange to stay in a I can book your family in for the verb hotel weekend of the seventh. booked full, no vacancies I'm afraid the hotel is booked tonight. adj brochures small booklets that Feel free to take some brochures to noun provide information your room to look at. on the local sites and attractions check-in go to the front desk to You can check-in anytime after four verb receive keys o'clock. check-out return the keys and Please return your parking pass noun pay for the bill when you check-out. P age|4 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية complimentary free of charge All of our rooms breakfast have complimentary soap, shampoo, noun and coffee. cot, rollaway bed a single bed on If you need an extra bed, we noun wheels that folds up have cots available. deposit amount paid ahead of You will not receive your deposit back noun time to secure a if you cancel. reservation double bed a bed large enough They are a family of four, so give noun for two people them a room with two double beds. floor a level of the building The swimming pool is on the noun main floor. front desk, the place where Towels are available at the front reception guests go to check in desk. noun and out and to get information guest a person that is Our washrooms are for guests only. noun staying at the hotel hotel manager person in charge at the I'll let you make your complaint to noun hotel the hotel manager. housekeeping, staff members that Put a sign on the door if you maid noun clean the rooms and want housekeeping to come in and linen change the sheets on the bed. indoor pool place for guests to swim The heated indoor pool is open until 10 noun inside the hotel pm. inn another word for "hotel" There's an inn on the other side of town noun that has a vacancy. king-size bed extra large bed A room with a king size bed costs an noun extra ten dollars a night. kitchenette a small fridge and Your room has a kitchenette so you can noun cooking area prepare your own breakfasts and lunches. linen sheets, blankets, pillow We will come in and change noun cases the linens while you are out of your room. P age|5 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية lobby large open area at the You can stand in the lobby and wait for noun front of the hotel your bus. luggage cart a device on wheels that Please return the luggage cart to the noun guests can push their lobby when you are finished with it. luggage on maximum capacity the most amount of The maximum capacity in the hot tub is noun people allowed ten people. pillow case the covering that goes Room 201 doesn't need their sheets noun over a pillow changed, but they requested one new pillow case. queen size bed bed with plenty of space They have a queen size bed so the small noun for two people (bigger child can easily fit in the middle. than a double) rate cost of renting a room Our rates change depending on the noun for a certain time period season. reservation a request to save a They say they made a reservation but it noun specific room for a doesn't show on the computer. future date room service delivery of food or other If you would like a bottle of wine, just noun services requested by call room service. guests single bed a bed for one person The economy priced room includes noun one single bed. sofa bed, pull-out a bed built into a sofa or The room contains a sofa bed so the couch couch room actually sleeps five. noun towels used to cover and dry You can get your swimming noun the body after pool towels at the front desk. swimming or bathing vacancy available rooms We only have one vacancy left, and it is noun for a single room. vacant adj valet staff that parks the If you leave your car keys with us, noun guests' vehicles the valet will park your car underground. view a window that offers a The room is more expensive because it noun nice image for guests has a spectacular view of the beach. P age|6 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية wake up call a morning phone call What time would you like your wake up noun from the front desk, call? acts as an alarm clock Check the meaning of the words in your dictionary Make sentences about 5 of them Read your sentences to your class Hotel Vocabulary Quiz 1. If you've never been to this city, you should take a look at our sight-seeing a) menu b) brochures c) front desk 2. Sorry, we don't have a service. You'll have to park your car yourself. a) room b) laundry c) valet 3. The room has a pull-_ couch, so it will sleep an extra person. a) off b) over c) out 4. I’m sorry, but we don't have any vacancies. We are fully- tonight. a) vacant b) booked c) closed 5. After your long conference you can relax in the a) kitchenette b) parking lot c) hot tub 6. I'll call housekeeping and ask them to bring you some fresh a) ice b) milk c) linen 7. If you need to do your workout we have a on the third floor. a) gym b) restaurant c) library 8. You might like to voice your complaint about the rate to the a) housekeeper b) valet driver c) hotel manager 9. Please put your used _ in the basket and leave unused ones hanging on the rack a) dishes b) towels c) tissues 10. If you need a midnight snack there's a _ full of potato chips on your floor. a) bellboy b) kitchenette c) vending machine P age|7 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Reading Read the following passage Types of Hotels There are many types of hotel, big and small. Big hotels, which are part of a 'group', offer guests a standard that does not vary from one location to another. Hotels can be awarded 'Stars' if their facilitie s match the Tourist Boards specifications. The more stars, the higher the standards. There is also a 'Red Star' accolade awarded for excellent cuisine. People expect rooms with ensuite facilities. There is also a choice of single, double or family rooms to book. Hotels in large busy cities often have triple glazed windows to help reduce the noise of passing traffic. When you stay in a hotel, the facilities are reflected in the price of the accommodation. Many establishments have swimming pools, squash courts, health clubs, gymnasiums and indoor play areas for young family members. Some of these activities can be used by non-residents, providing they pay the subscription fee. There are hotels with golf courses in their grounds. Some have lakes that are offered to guests who wish to fish or take out a boat to fill their leisure time. A good hotel with pleasant helpful staff contributes to making a holiday enjoyable and encourages return visits. Christmas cards are sent to regular guests from the hotel management. A varied choice of fresh food beautifully presented in a dining area with lovely views, all add to the holiday experience. If the guests do not wish to dine in the restaurant, room service is an alternative. A menu is supplied in the room from which guests can order. When the food is ready, a member of staff will bring it to the room. If the guests have to leave early in the morning before the dining room is serving breakfast, an order can be placed the night before leaving and breakfast will be delivered to the room at the desired time. There is always a list of the restaurant opening times in the room. Most hotels ask their guests to vacate their rooms by 10 o'clock on the day of their departure. This is s o the staff have enough time to clean the room, make up the bed and generally tidy the area, before the next occupants arrive. New visitors to a hotel do not usually have access to their room until after mid- day. Now answer the following questions 1) Why are hotels awarded stars? a) A)They indicate the number of rooms in the building. b) The stars are a way of knowing what facilities they offer. c) They tell guests the hotel is open all year. d) The stars indicate the size of the grounds. 2) Why do hotels in busy cities have double and triple glazed windows? a) It helps to reduce noise levels. To stop the sun shining in. To keep the window cleaners busy. They give a clearer view. 3) What facilities are offered to non-residents? A) Only the bedrooms. B) Non-residents are not welcome. P age|8 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية C) Only play areas for children. D) The dining room, adjacent golf courses and the fitness areas. 4) What does room service mean? A) Food and drink can be delivered to your room. B) The guests have to leave. C) An electrician comes to turn off the lights. D) The room is ready for cleaning. 5) Why are guests asked to vacate their rooms by 10 am on departure day? A) To check nothing has been stolen. B) So that the room can be cleaned ready for the next occupants. C) So the room can be repainted. D) To let the staff sit in it when they are tired. P age|9 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Lesson 2 Giving Personal Information in English Sometimes people ask you for personal details, such as name, address and date of birth. Here are some typical questions and ways you can answer. Question words Who (asks for a name or person) Whose (asks about the owner) Why (asks for a reason) Where (asks for a place) What (asks about a thing or a concept) Which (asks about a thing) When (asks for a time) How (asks about the way something happens) (Also “how much” / “how many” to ask about quantity; “how long” to ask about duration; “how often” to ask about frequency.) Remember the word order of questions: (1. Question word – optional) 2. Auxiliary do / does; verb to be 3.Subject 4. Verb + complement (1)Where (2)do (2)you (4)live? (1)What (2)is (3)your name? (2)Do (3)you (4)like reading? If there is no question word, the question starts with the auxiliary. The answer to a question like this is ―yes‖ or ―no‖. Typical questions 1. What‘s your name? (Give your first name then surname: ―My name‘s Susan Harris‖ or ―I‘m Susan Harris‖.) What‘s your first name? – Susan What‘s your surname / family name / second name? – Harris On a form, you can often see abbreviations before your surname. Mr (for a man) Mrs / Miss / Ms (for a woman: Mrs shows you are married, Miss shows you are single, Ms is if you‘d prefer not to show your marital status – the female equivalent of Mr) Dr (to show the person is a medical doctor or has a PhD) 2. What‘s your date of birth? It‘s (day – month – year: ―It‘s the second of July, 1980‖.) Or: When were you born? (―On the second of July, 1980‖.) You can write 2 July 1980 or July 2, 1980. But when you say the date, use ordinal numbers: P a g e | 10 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية 1 – the first 2 – the second 3 – the third 4 – the fourth 5 – the fifth 6 – the sixth 7 – the seventh 8 – the eighth 9 – the ninth 10 – the tenth 11 – the eleventh 12 – the twelfth … 20 – the twentieth 21 – the twenty-first … Either ―the second of July, 1980‖ or ―July the second, 1980‖. 3. What‘s your marital status? I‘m married / single / divorced / widowed Or: Are you married? 4. What‘s your address? Or: Where do you live? (Give the full address) Name of the house (if there is one) Street number and name Town or city County and Postcode Country For example: Rose Cottage 20, London Road St Albans Herts AL9 2RS England P a g e | 11 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Structure Countable and uncountable nouns Do you know how to use a, some, any, much and many? Look at these examples to see how to use countable and uncountable nouns in a sentence. I'm making a cup of tea. There's some money on the table. Have we got any bread? How many chairs do we need? How much milk have we got? Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can be counted, e.g. an apple, two apples, three apples, etc. Uncountable nouns cannot be counted, e.g. air, rice, water, etc. When you learn a new noun, you should check if it is countable or uncountable and note how it is used in a sentence. Countable nouns For positive sentences we can use a/an for singular nouns or some for plurals. There's a man at the door. I have some friends in New York. For negatives we can use a/an for singular nouns or any for plurals. I don't have a dog. There aren't any seats. Uncountable nouns Here are some examples of uncountable nouns: bread rice coffee information money advice luggage furniture We use some with uncountable nouns in positive sentences and any with negatives. There's some milk in the fridge. There isn't any coffee. Questions In questions we use a/an, any or how many with countable nouns. Is there an email address to write to? Are there any chairs? How many chairs are there? And we use any or how much with uncountable nouns. Is there any sugar? How much orange juice is there? But when we are offering something or asking for something, we normally use some. Do you want some chocolate? Can we have some more chairs, please? We also use some in a question when we think the answer will be 'yes'. Have you got some new glasses? Other expressions of quantity A lot of (or lots of) can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. There are lots of apples on the trees. There is a lot of snow on the road. Notice that we don't usually use many or much in positive sentences. We use a lot of instead. They have a lot of money. However, in negative sentences we use not many with countable nouns and not much with uncountable nouns. There are a lot of carrots but there aren't many potatoes. There's lots of juice but there isn't much water. P a g e | 12 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Complete the sentences with one word 1. We didn't have............. problems. 2. Do you want............. chocolate? 3. How........ people have sent you email? 4. I need........... information about train times. 5. We've got a............ of luggage. 6. There isn't............. space in the car. 7. I've bought new shoes but I didn't get........... shirt. 8. There's never............ petrol after Sam uses the car! P a g e | 13 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Booking a room P a g e | 14 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية P a g e | 15 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Reading Open ended questions Open-ended questions cannot be answered with a simple ―yes‖ or ―no.‖ Instead, they have multiple potential right answers, and require thought, reflection, and explanation from the person responding. That being said, open-ended questions require as much effort to write as they do to answer. Whether you‘re getting ready for an academic discussion, preparing to interview someone, or developing a survey for sales or market research, keep in mind that your questions should ideally spark reflection, discussion, and new ideas from your respondents. Determining the Purpose of Your Questions 1 Prepare open-ended questions based on reading for class discussions. If you‘re a high school, college, or graduate student, you may be asked to come up with questions based on assigned reading material to prepare for in-class discussions. The best kinds of questions to prepare in these cases are open-ended, because the possibility of multiple potential correct answers leads to sustained, productive conversations. Take notes on potential questions as you read. While you read the source material for your class discussion, write down broad, big-picture questions about what you‘re reading. If you have identified or been given a purpose for reading, use it to guide the questions that you might ask. Later, you can use these notes to help write more polished, final open-ended questions. If you have trouble coming up with specific questions while reading, underline or circle portions of the text that seem important, confusing, or connected to your purpose for reading. You can return to these later as starting points for your written open-ended questions. 2 Add open-ended questions to market research surveys to gain new insights. If you own or are employed by a business, you might periodically send surveys to current and potential customers to evaluate how satisfied they are with your product or service, or whether they would be interested in trying new or similar versions. In these situations, open-ended questions can yield feedback and ideas that you might not have otherwise expected, and can be helpful tools for improving your enterprise. For example, instead of asking: ―Were you satisfied with your experience?‖ You could try something like: ―What about your experience did you find most satisfying, and what about it did you find frustrating or difficult?‖ Instead of simply giving a ―yes‖ or ―no‖ answer, your respondents will give you specific information, and possibly new ideas for improving your product or service. However, if you‘re looking for simpler, more quantitative data, it might be easier to rely on multiple-choice, yes-no, or true-false questions, all of which are closed-ended. For example, if you‘re trying to find out which gelato flavor was the most popular at your shop this month, it would be easier to ask a closed-ended question about which the respondent purchased most frequently, and then list all available flavors as potential answers. 3 Use open-ended interview questions to thoroughly screen a potential job candidate. If you‘re hiring someone for their services and expertise, you‘ll need to interview them beforehand to ensure P a g e | 16 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية that they are suited for the job. Asking potential employees open-ended questions will help you learn more about your candidate than their skills and accomplishments, giving you crucial insight into their personality, behavior, and character. Then, you can assess whether your work relationship with the candidate would be productive and pleasant, and not just whether they can get the job done. Examples of effective open-ended questions to ask in an employment interview include: ―In a previous job, have you ever made a mistake that you had to discuss with your employer? How did you handle the situation?‖ or ―When you‘re very busy, how do you deal with stress?‖ 4 Prepare open-ended questions for journalistic interviews to ensure thorough responses. If you‘re interviewing somebody for a magazine, a newspaper, or a blog, asking open-ended questions is a great way to encourage your subject to explain their answers fully, instead of just rattling off their own personal talking points. This way, when you sit down to write your article, you‘ll have substantive information about the interviewee‘s opinions and policies, and not just canned statements or buzzwords. This strategy can be especially useful when interviewing a candidates for public office, who are often more concerned with pushing their own platform than with giving thorough, honest answers. Closed-ended questions allow interviewees like these to halt the conversation with a ―Yes, but…‖ or ―No, but…‖ response, and then redirect it towards their own agenda. P a g e | 17 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Listening Travelling LISTENING GAP FILL Travelling gives you you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to. It’s so exciting. I and doing some research on the country or countries I want to visit. Sometimes I like to plan , my flights, hotels and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is arriving in a country with and no fixed plans. I and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people. I also like to visit places that are. Being somewhere with thousands of other tourists? It’s not my cup of tea. P a g e | 18 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية CORRECT THE SPELLING Travelling gives you many underoflw experiences you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to understand different uslectru. It’s so exciting. I love planning trips and doing some earshcre on the country or countries I want to visit. Sometimes I like to plan everything in dvacane, my tfhsilg, hotels and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is rviagnir in a country with no hotel eivranotesr and no fixed plans. I prefer staying in esotslh and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people and share information. I also like to visit places that are off the ebtaen track. Being somewhere with thousands of other sustotri? It’s not my cup of tea. UNJUMBLE THE WORDS Travelling gives you many wonderful experiences you cannot find in your own country. You meet local people and get to understand different cultures. It’s so exciting. I love planning trips and doing some research on the country or countries I want to visit. Sometimes I like to plan everything in advance, my flights, hotels and tours, etc. For me, the most exciting thing is arriving in a country with no hotel reservation and no fixed plans. I prefer staying in hostels and guest houses. You get to meet and talk to different and interesting people and share information. I also like to visit places that are off the beaten track. Being somewhere with thousands of other tourists? It’s not my cup of tea. STUDENT TRAVELLING SURVEY Write five GOOD questions about travelling in the table. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers. Now return to your original partner and share and talk about what you found out. Change partners often. Make mini-presentations to other groups on your findings. P a g e | 19 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية WRITING Write about travelling for 10 minutes. Show your partner your paper. Correct each other’s work. HOMEWORK 1. VOCABULARY EXTENSION: Choose several of the words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google’s search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations of each word. 3. MAGAZINE ARTICLE: Write a magazine article about travelling. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Give each other feedback on your articles. 4. TRAVELLING POSTER Make a poster about travelling. Show it to your classmates in the next lesson. Give each other feedback on your posters. 5. MY TRAVELLING LESSON: Make your own English lesson on travelling. Make sure there is a good mix of things to do. Find some good online activities. Teach the class / another group when you have finished. P a g e | 20 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Unit 2 By the end of this Unit, you will be able to learn the following use vocabulary of arrival at some place Speak about arriving and departure Read about types of hotels to answer questions Practise different types of formal letter formats Practise making question about personal information Learn how to use adjectives and adverbs correctly Learn how to use functional language P a g e | 21 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Unit Two Arrival and Departure Arriving/checking in at a hotel When staying in a hotel, you will have to speak to the people who work at the reception when you first arrive (check in). And as English is spoken in most hotels in the world, it is important to know and understand phrases that will be used in these situations. This exercise can be used by both customers/guests in a hotel and the staff/workers of a hotel. Exercise: Arriving at a hotel Read the following two conversations between a customer/guest and a receptionist in a hotel. In the first situation, a customer is arriving/checking in at a hotel to get the key to the room. In the second situation, a customer wants a room at a hotel, but there are none available. From the context, try to guess what the meaning of the words/phrases in bold are. Then do the quiz at the end to check if you are right. Situation 1 Receptionist: Good morning. How can I help you?' Customer:' Good morning. I have a reservation in the name of Smith.' Receptionist:'Let me look on the system. Yes, Smith.A single room for 2 nights, bed and breakfast. Is that right?' Customer:'That's correct.' Receptionist:'Could I see some ID, please? A passport or an identity card are both fine.' Customer:'Here you go.' Receptionist:'Perfect. Could you please fill out this form with your details. Your name and address etc...' 2 minutes later Receptionist:'That looks fine. Could you please sign at the bottom of the form.Your signature. Perfect. Your room includes breakfast in the morning. Breakfast is served between 7.30am and 10am in the restaurant in front of the reception. On the last morning of your stay you have to check out before 11am.' Customer:'I have an important meeting tomorrow morning. So, could I have a wake up call tomorrow at 6am?' Receptionist:'Certainly.' P a g e | 22 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Customer:'Does the room have Wi-Fi?' Receptionist:'Yes, all the rooms have Wi-Fi, cable televisions and air conditioning. I'm afraid that your room isn't ready yet, sir. It should be ready for midday. If you like, you can wait in the hotel lounge and I will call you when it's ready.' Customer:'That's ok. I have to meet somebody now. Could I leave my bags here?' Receptionist:'No problem, sir. Leave them with me and I'll look after them for you until you return.' Customer:'Thank you.' Situation 2 Receptionist:'Good evening. How can I help you?' Customer:'Good evening. Do you have any rooms available for tonight?' Receptionist:'Do you have a reservation?' Customer:'No, we don't.' Receptionist:'A double or single room?' Customer:'A double room for one night.' Receptionist:'Let me just check our system. I am afraid that we are fully booked tonight, madam. There are no rooms available, sorry.' Customer:'Ok, could you recommend another hotel?' Receptionist:'You could try the Bristol Hotel.' Customer:'Would you mind calling them to see if they have any vacancies?' Receptionist:'No problem.' 3 minutes later Receptionist:'Yes, they have some rooms available.' Customer:'Excellent. Where is the hotel?' Receptionist:'It's in centre near the castle.' Customer:'Could you show us on a map, please?' Receptionist:'Certainly. We are here and the Bristol Hotel is here. It's about 5 minutes by car.' P a g e | 23 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Lesson 2 Vocabulary for arriving/checking in at a hotel Below is a definition/description of each of the words in bold from the above text. Now choose the word/phrase from the question's selection box which you believe answers each question. Only use one word/phrase once. 1. A phrase where a customer asks the hotel to ring their room early in the morning, is 2. A very polite phrase where a customer asks a receptionist to ring another hotel for them, is Would you mind calling them 3. A phrase that a receptionist uses when they want a customer to confirm/prove their identity, is Could I see some ID, please 4. A phrase a customer asks when they want to have a room in a hotel, is Do you have any rooms available 5. A phrase a receptionist uses when they want a customer to write their details (name, address etc...) on a hotel document, is Could you please fill out this form 6. A polite phrase a customer uses when they want a receptionist to circle or mark where a place is on a map, is Could you show us on a map, please 7. A phrase that tells you 'when you can eat breakfast' in a hotel, is Breakfast is served betw een 8. A polite phrase which means 'can you suggest another hotel', is could you recommend another hotel 9. A phrase where you ask what equipment/facilities (e.g. air conditioning) that a room has, is Does the room have 10. A verb that means to write your name/signature to confirm something, is sign 11. A polite way to say 'you have a room in the hotel for me', is I have a reservation in the name of 12. A phrase a hotel receptionist uses when they need to check/confirm something on their computer, is Let me just check our system P a g e | 24 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية 13. A phrase a customer uses when they want to leave their luggage with the hotel receptionist, is Could I leave my bags here Practice Now that you understand the new vocabulary, practise it by creating your own sentences with the new words/phrases. P a g e | 25 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Structure Adjectives We use adjectives to describe nouns and pronouns. Adjectives can come before nouns or after linking verbs. Before the noun: He dropped the hot plate. I have a black cat. The small boy ran down the street. What a beautiful view! After a linking verb: He seems tired. The view is beautiful. The weather became cold. My cat is black. Adverbs Adverbs are used to describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They are often (but n ot always) made by adding 'ly' to the adjective. I walked slowly ('slowly' tells us about the verb 'walk'). They worked quickly. We make the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs by using 'more / most'. She sang loudly. She sang more loudly than her friend. She sang most loudly in the class. Adverb or adjective? It's important to remember to use an adjective after a linking verb. However, this can be tricky as some verbs can be used as both normal verbs and as linking verbs. He smells the hot soup carefully. (Here we are talking about the action of smelling and using smell as a normal verb, so we need an adverb.) The soup smells good. (Here we are using 'smell' as a linking verb, to describe the soup. We can replace 'smells' with 'is' and the sentence still makes sense. So, we need an adjective.) He looked tiredly at the dirty kitchen. (Here we are talking about the action of looking and using 'look' as a normal verb, so we use an adverb to describe the way of looking.) P a g e | 26 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية You look beautiful. (Here we are using 'look' as a linking verb, to give more information about the person. We can replace 'look' with 'are' and the sentence still makes sense. So we need an adjective.) Irregular forms Normally, we make an adverb by adding 'ly' to an adjective. careful (adjective) carefully (adverb) He is always careful. She put the glasses down carefully. quiet (adjective) quietly (adverb) This is a quiet room. She spoke quietly. bad (adjective) badly (adverb) This coffee is bad! He sings badly! If the adjective ends in 'y', we change 'y' to 'i' and add ‗ly‘. If the adjective ends in 'le', w e drop 'e' and add 'y'. happy (adjective) happily (adverb) She looks very happy. He sang happily. gentle (adjective) gently (adverb) It's a gentle cat. He stroked the cat gently. However, there are some exceptions. fast (adjective) fast (adverb) That's a fast car. She walks fast. early (adjective) early (adverb) She was early for the meeting. He arrived early. good (adjective) well (adverb) That is a good book. She did well on the exam. hard (adjective) hard (adverb) Maths is hard! She tried hard. late (adjective) late (adverb) He is always late! He got up late this morning. There are also some adjectives that end in 'ly' and don't have an adverb form. Instead we use 'in a --- way'. These are friendly, lovely, lonely, lively, and silly. He talked to me in a friendly way. Good / well 'Well' can be confusing because it is both the adverb form of 'good', and an adjective that means 'healthy and fine'. My mother is well ('well' is an adjective that means 'healthy and fine'). He did the work well ('well' is an adverb meaning 'in a good way'). Of course, we also use 'good' as an adjective. This meal is good! He can speak good German. Hard / hardly P a g e | 27 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية 'Hard' is both an adjective and an adverb. The table is hard (= adjective, meaning 'not soft' or 'difficult'). She works hard (= adverb, meaning 'with a lot of effort'). 'Hardly' is also an adverb, but it means 'almost nothing' or 'almost none'. She hardly works (= she does almost no work). I have hardly any money (= I have almost no money). Late / lately ‗Late‘ is an adjective and an adverb. There is also an adverb ‗lately‘, which means ‗recently‘. I’m late (= adjective, meaning ‘not on time’). He came late (= adverb, meaning ‘not on time’). I’ve been working a lot lately (= an adverb meaning ‘recently’). Choose the correct form (adjective or adverb). 1) John held the plate _. (careful / carefully) 2) Julia is a person. (careful / carefully) 3) I ran to the station. (quick / quickly) 4) The journey was. (quick / quickly) 5) You look. Didn‘t you sleep well? (tired / tiredly) 6) The baby rubbed her eyes. (tired / tiredly) 7) She sang _. (happy / happily) 8) You sound. (happy / happily) 9) I speak English. (well / good) 10) Her English is _. (well / good) 11) She cooks. (terrible / terribly) 12) He is a cook. (terrible / terribly) 13) The music was. (beautiful / beautifully) 14) She plays the piano _. (beautiful / beautifully) 15) That was a answer. (clever / cleverly) 16) She answered. (clever / cleverly) 17) Your flat seems today. (tidy / tidily) 18) He put the dishes away _. (tidy / tidily) 19) He spoke. (warm / warmly) 20) She is a very _ person. (warm / warmly) Decide if each underlined word is an adjective or an adverb. That new building is rather ugly. adjective I'd like to arrive early if I can. adverb 1 1 haven't seen you for a long time. 2 Why are you wearing that silly hat? 3 Very young children travel free. 4 The temperature is quite high today. P a g e | 28 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية 5 We nearly missed the bus this morning 6 Do you have to play that music so loud? Complete the conversation. Decide if you need ly with the words in brackets. Fares: How did you get on with Omar today? Zeyad: Oh, we had a nice lunch and some lively (live) conversation. Omar was charming , as usual. He gave me a lift back to the office, but it was (1)............. (hard) worth risking our lives to save a few minutes. He (2)............... (near) killed us. Fares: What do you mean? Zeyad: Well, we'd sat a bit too (3)....................... (long) over our meal, and we were (4)……………..(late) getting back to work. Henry drove very (5)………… (fast). I tried (6) ………..... (hard) to keep calm, but I was quite scared. We went (7)…… (wrong) an d missed a left turn, and Omar got annoyed. Then a van came round the corner, and it was coming (8).............(straight) at us. I don't know how we missed it. Fares: Well, I'm glad you did. And next time you'd better take a taxi. Complete the conversation. Put in good, well , bad, badly and ill. Ramy: How did you and Ahmed get on in your tennis match? Maher: We lost. I'm afraid we didn't play very well. Ahmed made some (1)……………. mistakes. It wasn't a very (2)……………day for us. We played really (3)……………… Ramy: I heard Ahmed's in bed at the moment because he isn't very (4)……………… Maher : Yes, I'm afraid he's been (5)................. for several days, but he's better now. Use the words in brackets as adjective or adverb in the gaps. Adjective or Adverb 1. He reads a book. (quick) 2. Mandy is a girl. (pretty) 3. The class is loud today. (terrible) 4. Max is a singer. (good) 5. You can open this tin. (easy) 6. It's a day today. (terrible) 7. She sings the song. (good) 8. He is a driver. (careful) 9. He drives the car. (careful) 10. The dog barks. (loud) P a g e | 29 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Reading The Hotel of The Famous Read about this very strange hotel, then answer the True/False questions. What would your life be like if you were Albert Einstein. What clothes would be in your wardrobe if you were Marilyn Monroe? Or Madonna? Well now you can discover the answer to all these questions and many more at the Fame Hotel in California. Ten miles outside Los Angeles, the Fame Hotel promises to answer the question "What if?". When you check into the hotel, you choose a room. Each room has a name. There's Clint Eastwood on the second floor and Elvis Presley on the third floor. In total, the Fame Hotel has 32 rooms, most of which are named after stars of Hollywood or music. But there are also famous writers (Mark Twain and Agatha Christie) and even some scientists and sports stars, such as Mike Tyson. When you enter the room, you enter the life of that person. There are pictures everywhere. The owner of the hotel has tried to fill the room with objects, clothes, even food that he thinks the stars would have liked. Marilyn Monroe's wardrobe is full of beautiful white dresses, Albert Einstein doesn't have any socks in his wardrobe because the real Einstein never wore them! If you choose Mike Tyson's room, you'll be able to practice boxing in one corner of the room. And there's even a skipping rope too! I spoke to one guest staying in the Elvis Presley room. "I love this hotel," he said to me. "I wanted to know 'What would Elvis Presley eat for breakfast?' and now I know". That guest eats pancakes and strawberry ice cream every morning, just as Elvis liked to do. On the next table, the Einstein room's guest is eating cabbage soup! The company plans to open another Fame Hotel in New York next year and there are plans to expand into Europe too. I look forward to staying in the Winston Churchill suite in London! 1.You can meet famous people in the hotel. True False 2.Some famous people have stayed at the hotel. True False 3.The Fame Hotel is near Hollywood. True False 4.Guests are able to choose which room they stay in. True False 5. Each room has a celebrity's signature on the door. True False 6. The hotel's owner has tried to make the wardobe authentic. P a g e | 30 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية True False 7. Each guest eats something different in the hotel restaurant. True False 8. There is also a Fame Hotel in London. True False P a g e | 31 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Invitation Letter Format Format of a formal invitation The format shall include- i. Name of the host ii. Standard expression (E.g., request the pleasure of your company, solicit your gracious presence) iii. Purpose of the invitation iv. Name of the honouree v.Day, date and time of the event- Dates must be written in letters and you should nouse t abbreviation. vi. Name of the place, location with complete address- Enter the address, the venue othe f party or event vii. RSVP (Respond if it pleases you)- Include an RSVP - this elegant abbreviation com es from the French phrase "Répondez, s'ilvous plait"; which in English means "Please respond". An RSVP is essential at parties where you need to know exactly who will come, so you can organize things accordingly on the basis of their convenience. viii. Telephone or mobile number or address of the host ix. Any other relevant details Name of the host Standard expression Purpose of the invitation Name of the honouree Day, date and time of the event Name of the place, location with complete address RSVP (Respond if it pleases you) Telephone or mobile number or address of the host Format of an informal invitation SENDER‘s ADDRESS- The sender‘s address is usually put on the top right-hand corner of the page. DATE (In expanded) - The sender‘s address is followed by the date just below it, i.e. on the right side of the page. This is the date on which the invitation is being written. It is t o be written in expanded form. RECEIVER‘s ADDRESS SUBJECT- Then we sum up the purpose of writing the invitation in one line. This helps the receiver focus on the subject of the invitation in one glance. It is important to P a g e | 32 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية underline the subject. SALUTATIONS- This is where you greet the person you are addressing the invitation to. BODY COMPLEMENTARY CLOSURE- Mention the name given in the question paper. Do not mention your personal details. DESIGNATION Features of a Formal invitation are as follows- i. The invitation should be written in third person and not in first or second person. ii. Simple present tense is used. iii. A polite and courteous tone should be used. iv. It is a single sentence presentation. v. No signatures required. vi. Dates must be written in letters and you should not use abbreviation. However, datof e writing must not be mentioned. vii. It ought to explain why the party or event is being held, "to celebrate..." or "to honour..." viii. Length as per CBSE guidelines is limited to 50 words. ix. It is generally enclosed in a box. x. It should answer to the 5Ws: i. WHAT- The occasion ii. WHEN- Date and time iii. WHERE- Venue iv. WHO- Name of the host WHOM- Name of the person being invited Features of an informal invitation are as follows- i. They are written to friends, relatives, and acquaintances. ii. They follow the pattern of ordinary personal letters. iii. They are written in first/second person. iv. The style and tone is relaxed and informal. v. Different tenses are used as per the demand. vi. The letter can be elaborative explaining the details of the event. INVITATION REPLIES The features of a reply are as follows - i. A formal reply is usually very short. It is brief and to the point. The quality of a good reply is that it is always pleasant. ii. Even while declining the invitation or expressing inability to attend, one must be polite and courteous. P a g e | 33 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية iii. Formal replies demand a formal tone and treatment. There is no room for unnecessary details or superfluous matter in them. iv. An informal reply or private letter may, however, express personal feeling or desiresin an intimate style and informal tone. Formal Replies The main characteristics of a formal reply are as follows: Acknowledge the invitation. Express thanks in the third person. Mention acceptance/regret. Specify the reason for the refusal. Be brief and specific. be formal in tone and treatment. Informal Replies The main characteristics of an informal reply are as follows: Acknowledge the invitation in the first person. Use the second person for the sender of invitation. Mention acceptance/regret Specify the reason in case of refusal. Use warm and simple language. * Do not exceed the word limit (usually 50) SUGGESTED VALUE POINTS AS PER CBSE GUIDELINES: Suggested value points – invite the artiste – what - school organising one-act play competition – date, time, venue – details of the event - classes involved, theme, category (interschool / inter-house) – request to confirm – any other relevant details. P a g e | 34 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Unit 3 By the end of this Unit, you will be able to learn the following use vocabulary of being at a restaurant Speak about likes and dislikes Read about types of food to answer questions Practise different types of formal letter formats Practise using different language items of food Learn how to use both, either and neither correctly Learn how to use functional language Listen about restaurants to practise reading, writing and listening P a g e | 35 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Unit Three At the Restaurant Vocabulary Expressing likes and dislikes Ask and answer Yes/ No questions according to the information in brackets. a) ? ( you / cherries) yes, b) ? ( Mary / oranges) No, c) ? ( children / ice-cream) Yes, Complete the sentences using the information. Don´t forget to use some of these verbs: like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate. a) Tim ☑ (salad) but ( soup) b) Susan ☑ ( ice-cream) but ☑ ( lettuce) c) I☑ fish but (meat) d) My mother☑ tea but (coffee) P a g e | 36 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Complete the questions and the short answers. a) the children scrambled eggs? No,. b) you soup? Yes, c) Mary orange juice? Yes,. d) he rice? No,. e) your brother fruit? Yes,. you milk? NO, P a g e | 37 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Structure We use both, either and neither to refer to two people or things. BOTH Both = the two; that one AND the other one; this one AND that one Both can be used as a pronoun to refer to two things that we have already mentioned. A: Do you want the blue shirt or the red one? B: I‘ll buy both (= the blue shirt AND the red shirt = both shirts) Both X and Y = not only X but also Y Both + Adjective + and + Adjective He‘s both tall and handsome. I‘m both happy and confused at the same time! I have had a long, hard day and I‘m both tired and hungry. Both + Noun + and + Noun Both can be used with a singular noun + and + singular noun She speaks both English and Arabic. They have both a cat and a dog. He is both an actor and a director. We can also use Both + plural noun (see more below) She speaks both languages. Both or Both of? Both or Both of can be used without a difference in meaning though Both of is more common in the United States. Both (of) + determiner + plural noun You can use Both or Both of before a determiner (my, his, these, the etc.) and a plural noun. Both (of) my friends arrived late to class. Both of the wheels wobble too much. A prize was given to both of the players. When we use Both (without of), we drop the article the. Both of the parents were nervous. Both parents were nervous. Both of + Object Pronoun When using Both with a plural object pronoun (us, them), we need the preposition OF before that pronoun. P a g e | 38 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية He has invited both us. (incorrect) He has invited both of us. (correct) I‘ll take both of them. (correct) I need to speak to both of you. (correct) Verb + Object pronoun + both We can use both after a plural object pronoun. I hope they invite us both (= I hope they invite both of us) Do you need them both? (= Do you need both of them) The teacher sent them both to the principal‘s office. To be + both Both comes after To Be (or an auxiliary such as have or modal verbs). He is both intelligent and agile. My sister and I are both ready for the trip. We were both happy with our exam results. Modal verb + both + verb My parents can both speak French. They should both try harder. My brothers would both be shocked if they knew the truth. Both + other verbs Both goes before the other verbs. If there is an accompanying auxiliary verb, then it goes in the middle of th e two verbs (i.e. auxiliary + both + verb) We both wanted to stay in bed and not go to work. They both liked the surprise. My parents both work in the same building. They have both studied a lot. Both - Negative We don‘t use both in negative structures. Instead, we normally use Neither. We don‘t say: Both of them are not ready (incorrect) We say: Neither of them are ready (correct) NEITHER Neither = not one and not the other Neither is a negative word and is accompanied by an affirmative singular verb. Neither X nor Y Neither … nor … is used as a conjunction. It is the opposite of ―Both … and …‖ If a verb comes after this phrase, that verb is in the singular form (Sometimes you will hear it used in the plural form though it is not grammatically correct) P a g e | 39 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Neither John nor Fred likes doing the dishes. (= ―Both John and Fred don‘t like doing the dishes‖) I want neither the red shirt nor the blue shirt. I neither smoke nor drink. Neither + singular noun Neither is used as a determiner before a single noun. Neither team wanted to lose. That tennis game was very close. Neither player had a clear advantage. Neither parent knew about the accident. Neither of + determiner + plural noun You can use Neither of before a determiner (my, his, these, the etc.) and a plural noun. Neither of my friends came to class today. Neither of the parents understood what the baby was trying to say. Neither of our cars has enough petrol so we have to take the bus. Neither of + Pronoun When using Neither + of + pronoun (you, us, them), we need the preposition OF before that pronoun. (If a verb comes after this phrase then it is in singular form) The present is for neither of us. Neither of them is married. Neither of us expected to be fired. Neither in short responses Neither is frequently used as part of a short response when someone says something negative and you agree with them. A: I have never been to Switzerland B: Neither have I. A: I don‘t want to go. B: Neither do I. Neither can also be used alone. A: Would you like a blue tie or a green tie? B: Neither. (= Neither tie) Neither vs. Either You can use Either with a negative verb to replace Neither with a positive verb I have neither time nor money I don‘t have either time or money. EITHER Either = any one of the two = this one or the other one Either is accompanied by an affirmative singular verb and is mostly used in questions or negative sentences P a g e | 40 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Either X or Y Either … or … is used as a conjunction. It is used to express alternatives and or a choice between two (and sometimes more) things. It is used a verb in singular form (Sometimes you will hear it used in the plural form though it is not grammatically correct). Either you or John has to finish the report before 5pm. You can have either the red shirt or the blue shirt. (= but not both) Either you leave the building now or I call the security guards. Either + singular noun Either is used as a determiner before a single noun. There are only two options and I‘m not interested in either film. A: Do you want it ready for Thursday or Friday? B: Either day is fine for me. Either of + determiner + plural noun You can use Either of before a determiner (my, his, these, the etc.) and a plural noun. We‘ve been dating for 6 months and I haven‘t met either of her parents. I haven‘t read either of these books. I don‘t want either of those apples. Do you have one that is not rotten? Either + of + Pronoun When using Either + of + object pronoun (you, us, them), we need the preposition OF before that pronoun. I don‘t think he is going to invite either of us. A: Which photo do you prefer? B: I don‘t like either of them I think I left my keys and wallet at the office. I don‘t want to lose either of them. Either can also be used alone. It means it doesn‘t matter which alternative. Sometimes it is accompanied b y the pronoun ―one‖. A: Would you like a coffee or a tea? B: Either (one). (= I don‘t mind if it‘s coffee or tea, both alternatives are fine) Either in short responses Either can be used at the end of a negative sentence when you agree with something negative someone els e has said. It is similar to meaning TOO and ALSO (which are used in affirmative sentences). A: I wasn‘t thirsty. B: I wasn‘t either. (You cannot say ―I wasn‘t too‖) A: I‘ve never been to Portugal. B: I haven‘t either. A: I didn‘t go to class yesterday. B: I didn‘t either P a g e | 41 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Listening Restaurants LISTENING GAP FILL I love restaurants. I never to them. I go to restaurants a lot. Maybe three times a week. I have my favourite restaurants, regularly. The waiters know me and I usually get very good service. But new restaurants. It’s exciting to see what’s on the menu and how the food will taste. Most of the new restaurant is a great experience. But sometimes, I friend recommended a restaurant. I’ve been to a few restaurants where the food was so bad, , I didn’t want to pay. My favourite restaurants are Indian. I of Indian food. I love the smells inside Indian restaurants. And of. CORRECT THE SPELLING I love restaurants. I never get tired of going to them. I go to restaurants a lot. byaeM three times a week. I have my favourite restaurants, which I go to aulrleygr. The waiters know me and I lulasuy get very good veicrse. But I also like trying new restaurants. It’s xiiengtc to see what’s on the menu and how the food will taste. Most of the time a visit to a new restaurant is a great experience. But sometimes, I wreodn why my friend recommended a restaurant. I’ve been to a few restaurants where the food was so bad, so aststeesl, I didn’t want to pay. My favourite restaurants are Indian. I can’t get ngheuo of Indian food. I love the slmesl inside Indian restaurants. And of soucer the tastes. P a g e | 42 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية UNJUMBLE THE WORDS I love restaurants. get never I them to going of tired. I go to restaurants a lot. three week times Maybe a. I have my favourite restaurants, which I go to regularly. The usually I and me know waiters very get good service. But I also like trying new restaurants. It’s exciting to see menu the on what’s food the how and will taste. Most of the time a visit to a great a is restaurant new experience. But sometimes, I wonder why my friend recommended a restaurant. I’ve few a to been where restaurants the food was so bad, so tasteless, I didn’t want to pay. My favourite restaurants are Indian. I can’t get enough of Indian food. inside restaurants love smells Indian I the. course And the of tastes. STUDENT RESTAURANTS SURVEY Write five GOOD questions about restaurants in the table. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers. Now return to your original partner and share and talk about what you found out. Change partners often. Make mini-presentations to other groups on your findings. WRITING Write about restaurants for 10 minutes. Show your partner your paper. Correct each other‘s work. P a g e | 43 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Language Practice Discussion Warm Up 1. What kind of food do you like? 2. What is your favorite kind of food? 3. What are famous dishes in your home country? Matching Match the words on the left with words or expressions on the right that are closest in meaning. More Discussion Questions 1. Do you like Italian food? French food?Chinese food? 2. Do you like to cook? Words in Context - Fill-in-the-blanks Use the words from the vocabulary box to complete the following sentences. You may need to modify the tense or word form. P a g e | 44 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية 1. Black is my color. 2. Let’s some food. I’m really hungry. 3. Cindy. She’s beautiful! 4. What of music do you like? 5. This pepper is really. I can’t eat it. 6. German is very. 7. The bread, the steak, the potatoes and the apple pie: is delicious. You are a great cook! 8. I will the extra large steak. Listening Practice Watch the video and complete the sentences below. Johnny: So, what kind of do you like Shelley: I like ! How about you? Johnny: Me too! I really love _ food. Shelley: Do you like Mexican food? Johnny: Yes, I love it! How about you? Shelley: Yes, I really like tacos and nachos. But Jalapenos are too spicy for me. Johnny: Oh, I see. I love them! I always add sauce on everything. Shelley: What is your kind of food? Johnny: Hmmm... _ question. Indian food. I love curry! Shelley: Sorry,. You love what? Johnny: I’m crazy about Indian food. I love curry. And you? Shelley: Let me see. It’s a difficult question. Mmmmmm…I really like sushi. Sushi is my ! Johnny: I like Japanese food too I’m. Let’s order some burgers! P a g e | 45 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Unit 4 By the end of this Unit, you will be able to learn the following use vocabulary about the airport Speak about being at the airport Read about airport check in to answer questions Practise different types of formal letter formats Practise filling in different types of forms Learn how to use must/ mustn’t correctly Learn how to use functional language Listen about the weather to practise reading, writing and listening P a g e | 46 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Unit Four At the airport Vocabulary for the Airport Study the following Airline (N) The airline or carrier you fly with is the name of the company that owns the airplane e.g. Singapore Airlines, British Airways. I need to book a flight to Berlin next week. Which airline do you suggest I fly with? The cheapest airline that flies to Germany is Lufthansa. It’s a German carrier. Arrivals (N) When your plane arrives at the airport, your family and friends will meet you at arrivals. Jane, I’ll meet you in the arrivals lounge. I’ll be holding a sign to tell you I’m looking for you. Board (V) To board (a plane) means to go onto it. All passengers on Belle Air flight 2216 must go to the gate. The plane will begin boarding in 10 minutes. Boarding pass (N) After you have notified the airline you are at the airport and you’ve checked your luggage, you will be given a boarding pass that shows you where the plane will be boarding and it will also show your seat number. Sir, this is your boarding pass. You will be boarding at gate 22 at 6.35. Boarding time (N) Your boarding time is the time that people will be allowed to start entering the plane. Boarding time was changed due to a technical problem. We would like to apologize for the delay. Book (a ticket) (V) When you book a ticket it means that you have reserved your place and paid for it. Hi, how can I help you? I’d like to book a return ticket to Paris, please. Business class (N) Business class is the area where people who are traveling for business purposes sit. It’s towards the front of the plane and the tickets are more expensive than normal tickets. We’d like to invite all our passengers flying in business class to start boarding. Carry on (luggage) (N) Your carry on luggage is the small piece of hand luggage that you are allowed to take with you onto the plane. These bags usually have to be a certain size and weigh less than 8kg. I’m sorry, but your carry on is too heavy. You will have to check it. Check in (V/N) When you check in, you notify the airline you have arrived at the airport. They will take your suitcase and give you a boarding pass. The area where you do this action is also called check-in. How many passengers are checking in with you? It’s a large school group. We have 45 people in our party (group). P a g e | 47 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Conveyor belt/carousel/baggage claim (N) When your plane arrives, your bags and suitcases come out on the moving conveyor belt. Another word that you might hear for this is a carousel or baggage claim. All passengers arriving from New York can pick up their luggage from carousel 4. Customs (N) Before you’re allowed to enter the country, you must go through customs where you will be met by a customs officer. Here they will check if you’re bringing anything illegal into the country such as firearms (guns), drugs or too much money and they will ask you if you “have anything to declare?” If you’re not carrying anything that is forbidden, you should answer “no.” Delayed (Adj) If your flight has been delayed, it means that it’s late. Maybe it has been delayed because of bad weather, too much air traffic, or technical problems. Ladies and gentlemen, this is an announcement that flight NZ245 has been delayed. Your new departure time is 2.25. Departures (N) When you are leaving to go on a trip, you will need to go to the departures lounge where you will wait to board your flight. All passengers flying to Istanbul are kindly requested to go to the departures lounge. Economy class (N) Most people who travel by plane travel in economy class because the price is much cheaper. I’d like to book an economy class ticket to Rome next Friday. Would you like to make it return or one-way? A return ticket. I’d like to come back the following Friday. Okay then, for one week? First class (N) First class is the most expensive area of the plane. There is a lot of space to move. The seats are bigger and the service is better. Next time I want to fly first class. Why? It’s so expensive! I’m just too tall. I have no leg room in economy. Fragile (Adj) Sometimes we carry things that are delicate or easily broken when we travel. A way of letting the people handling our suitcases know is to mark it with a sticker saying fragile. This will show them that they need to be a little more careful with your stuff. Gate (N) In the departures lounge there are a number of different gates (doors) that lead to different flights. Can you tell me where flight AZ672 to New York departs from, please? Yes, it leaves from gate A27. Identification (N) P a g e | 48 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Your identification (also known as “ID”) is your official document that you need to ensure you are who you say you are. When flying, the ID you’re required to carry is your passport. I’d like to book a flight to New Jersey for tomorrow. Certainly, can I see your ID please? Liquids (N) Liquids are anything that is not solid or gas, such as a bottle of water or perfume. All airports do not allow passengers to travel with more than 100ml of liquids. All liquids you do carry on the plane must be put in a plastic bag. Are you traveling with any liquids? Yes, I have this deodorant. I’m sorry, but that is too big. Each container must not exceed (go over) 100ml. On time (Adj) When you are traveling and you want to check the status of your flight you can look at the departures board. Here you will see all your flight information and if it says that your flight number is on time then the plane will depart at the right time. One-way (ticket) (N) If you ask for a one-way ticket it means that you do not want to return to your destination. The opposite of a one-way ticket is a return ticket. If you want to purchase both, that’s called a round-trip ticket. Hi, I’d like to book a one-way ticket to Hong Kong. What’s your purpose (reason) for traveling? We’re emigrating (moving for a new life) there. Oversized baggage/Overweight baggage (N) Each passenger is only allowed to have one suitcase that weighs 20kg or less. If they have a big piece that you want to send or something that is too heavy, the people at check in will charge you more money. I’m sorry madam, but your bag is overweight. By how many kilos? Two. One minute, let me just take a few things out. Stopover (N) If you are traveling on a long-haul flight, you usually have to have a short stop in another country first. This stop is called a stopover or a layover. If you’re traveling from Europe to Australia, it’s recommended that you have a stopover either in Los Angeles or Dubai because the flight is very long otherwise. Travel agent (N) A travel agent is a person who will help you to organize your travel plans and book your flights. I tried looking for a flight online, but I couldn’t book it with my credit card. You should visit the travel agent in the mall, she is very good and they have great offers. Visa (N) A visa is a special document that gives you permission to enter a country. Some countries have strict laws and depending where you’re from, you may need to obtain (get) a visa. Could you tell me if a person from Albania needs a visa to travel to Italy? How long are you going for? 3 weeks. P a g e | 49 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية No, you don’t require (need) a visa. Albanian citizens can travel up to 3 months without a visa to any EU country. Helpful Tips Luggage/baggage vs. suitcase/bag A common mistake among non-English speakers is the difference between luggage and bag. The word bag is countable, which means we can say many bags or 3 bags whereas luggage is uncountable and it can mean either one bag or many. If you want to make the word luggage plural, you would add the phrase ‘pieces of…’ in front of it. How many pieces of luggage do you want to check in today sir? 2 pieces. Okay, that’s fine. If we want to wish someone a good flight or journey in English, we can also use the French phrase “Bon voyage.” Traveling by plane can be really exciting, especially if you’re heading to a place where you’ve never been before, but at the same time it can get really stressful too, especially if you have problems understanding the English that’s used at the airport. Safe travels. Bon voyage! Speaking Choose 5 words and make up sentences of your own with your friend make a dialogue using the words you chose P a g e | 50 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Arriving at the airport Read the following and answer the questions Airport check-in M1: Morning, madam. May I see your passport, please? F1: Yes, of course. Here you are. M1: Mrs M McDonald, travelling alone. F1: That‘s right. M1: Fine. Do you have your e-booking confirmation? F1: Yes, er, here it is. M1: Mm hm, that‘s all fine. One moment, please (typing). Do you have any luggage, other than hand luggage? F1: Yes, there‘s this case. M1: On the scales, please. F1: (grunts) There you are. M1: OK, that‘s just inside the permitted weight allowance. Did you pack your b ag yourself? F1: Yes. M1: And have you left it unattended at any time before or since arriving at the airport? F1: Er, no, I don‘t think so. M1: Have you seen the list of prohibited items for hand luggage? F1: Yes, I‘ve just got one small bottle of perfume. It‘s under 100 millilitres I‘m sure. M1: I see. You might have to show that at the security check. F1: Oh. M1: Now, would you prefer an aisle seat or a window seat? F1: Aisle, please, and as near the front as possible. M1: Mm hm (typing). I can give you K3, on the aisle. F1: Oh, that‘s fine, thank you. M1: (printing) There‘s your boarding pass. Watch the screens for the boarding gate once you‘re in the departure lounge. F1: Right. Oh, er, is there any delay on the flight? M1: No, it should be on time today. F1: Thank you. M1: Have a good flight. Next, please! P a g e | 51 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Activity Imagine you are at an airport check-in and have booked online. Write down phrases and vocabulary you would expect to hear Role play the dialogue. Take it in turns to play the passenger Introduce different scenarios such as the flight being delayed or an upgrade to first class being available. P a g e | 52 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Filling In forms FORM First name: …………………… Surname: …………………………….. Age: ………… Date of birth: ……………………… Sex: M / F (male / female) Nationality: ………………………. Address: ………………………………….. Postcode (ZIP code): ………………………. Country: …………………………….. ID number: …………………………. Date: ……………………… Signature: ……………………………………. Use the previous information and fill in the gaps with your information 1. Age 2. Postcode 3. Sex 4. Signature 5. Date 6. Nationality First name 7. Date of birth 8. Country 9. ID Number 10. Surname 11. Address Make a dialogue ,question and answers with your friends using the forms above about them P a g e | 53 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Structure Must/Mustn‘t The modal verb must is most often used to express necessity—i.e., that something has to happen or be the case. We also use this sense of the word to indicate a strong intention to do something in the future, to emphasize something positive that we believe someone should do, and to rhetorically introduce or emphasize an opinion or sentiment. In addition to indicating necessity, must can be used to indicate that something is certain or very likely to happen or be true. Necessity When must indicates that an action, circumstance, or situation is necessary, we usually use it in a declarative sentence. For example: ―This door must be left shut at all times!‖ ―We absolutely must get approval for that funding.‖ ―You must not tell anyone about what we saw.‖ ―Now, you mustn‘t be alarmed, but we‘ve had a bit of an accident in here.‖ We can also use must in interrogative sentences to inquire whether something is necessary, usually as a criticism of some objectionable or undesirable action or behavior. For instance: ―Must we go to dinner with them? They are dreadfully boring.‖ ―Must you be so rude to my parents?‖ ―Must I spend my entire weekend studying?‖ However, this usage is generally reserved for more formal speech and writing, and isn‘t very common i n everyday English. Indicating strong intention We use the same meaning of must to indicate something we have a very strong intention of doing in th e future. For example: ―I must file my taxes this weekend.‖ ―I must get around to calling my brother.‖ ―We must have the car checked out soon.‖ Emphasizing a suggestion We also use this meaning to make suggestions to others of something positive we believe they should do, as in: ―You simply must try the new Ethiopian restaurant on 4th Avenue—it‘s fantastic!‖ ―It was so lovely to see you. We must get together again soon!‖ P a g e | 54 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية ―You must come stay with us at the lake sometime.‖As a rhetorical device Finally, we can also use this meaning of must as a rhetorical device to politely introduce or emphasize an opinion or sentiment about something: ―I must say, this has been a most wonderful evening.‖ ―And I must add that Mr. Jones has been an absolute delight to work with.‖ ―I must be clear: we will disavow any knowledge of this incident.‖ Note that we can accomplish the same thing by using the verbs let or allow instead, as in: ―Let me be clear: this decision is in no way a reflection on the quality of your work.‖ ―Allow us to say, we were greatly impressed by your performance.‖ Certainty and likelihood In addition to being used to indicate a necessary action or situation, must is also often used to describe that which is certain or extremely likely or probable to happen, occur, or be the case. For example: ―You must be absolutely exhausted after your flight.‖ ―Surely they must know that we can‘t pay the money back yet.‖ ―There must be some way we can convince the board of directors.‖ ―I must have left my keys on my desk at work.‖ Speaker A: ―I just got back from a 12-week trip around Europe.‖ Speaker B: ―Wow, that must have been an amazing experience!‖ Generally speaking, we do not use the negative of must (must not or mustn‘t) to express a negative certainty or strong disbelief. Instead, we use cannot (often contracted as can‘t), as in: ―You can‘t be tired—you‘ve been sleeping all day!‖ ―I can‘t have left my phone at home, because I remember packing it in my bag.‖ ―After three years of college, she wants to drop out? She cannot be serious.‖ Put in must or mustn't. Choose from the drop down menu. Do you need help? must, have to, mustn't, needn't 1. It's late. You make so much noise. 2. We be home by 9 o'clock. The film starts at 9:15. 3. I finish this essay today. It has to be handed in by tomorrow. P a g e | 55 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية 4. Passengers talk to the driver while the bus is in motion. 5. This is a dangerous tour. Children be accompanied by an adult. 6. People stand on this bus. 7. We do more exercise to stay fit. 8. There be sth wrong with the engine of this car. 9. We give up when we are so close. 10. This was a nice evening. We meet again. Fill in must or mustn't. Choose from the drop down menu and form sentences you might hear from your parents and teachers. Do you need help? must, have to, mustn't, needn't 1. You tidy up your room. 2. You smoke. 3. You do your homework. 4. You play with fire. 5. You be home on time. 6. You cheat in a test. 7. You turn the music too loud. 8. You help in the house. 9. You annoy your little sister. 10. You bite nails. P a g e | 56 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Listening Weather LISTENING GAP FILL The weather to different people. I come from England, so the a big topic there. People in England the weather. A tiny bit of snow, and no one goes to work. Two days of thirty-degree temperatures and. Three days and it’s an emergency. I once lived in Dubai. No one the weather there. It was the same almost every day of the year. Hot, sunny, blue skies, no rain. I never looked at. I always knew what the weather would be like. Not like in England where the weather to be OK. But the weather is changing. Global warming is making it rain in the in the rainforests. CORRECT THE SPELLING The weather means edrifntef things to different people. I come from England, so the weather is always a big icopt there. People in England can’t deal with the weather. A tiny bit of snow, and no one goes to work. Two days of thirty-gdeeer temperatures and it’s a vetaehwa. Three days and it’s an geeremcny. I once lived in Dubai. No one really talked about the weather there. It was the same almost every day of the year. Hot, sunny, blue sksei, no rain. I never looked at the weather asefrcot. I always knew what the weather would be like. Not like in England where people pray for the weather to be OK. But the weather is nnahggic. Global rnigamw is making it rain in the edsetr and dry in the esnastrofri. UNJUMBLE THE WORDS The weather to things different means people different. I come from England, always is weather the so topic big a there. the in can’t with People England deal weather. A tiny bit of snow, and no one goes to work. Two days of it’s and temperatures degree - thirty heatwave a. P a g e | 57 English for Commerce and Hotels First Year وحدة ادارة وتشغيل مدارس التكنولوجيا التطبيقية Three days and it’s an emergency. I once lived in Dubai. No one really there weather the about talked. It was the same almost every day of the year. Hot, sunny, blue skies, no rain. weather I looked the forecast never at. I always would like what weather be knew the. Not like in England for pray people where be to weather the OK. But the weather is changing. Global warming is making it rain in the desert and dry in the rainforests. STUDENT WEATHER SURVEY Write five GOOD questions about weather in the table. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. When you have finished, interview ot