Hormones PDF

 GLANDS HORMONES FUNCTIONS DISORDERS Hypothalamus GHRF Secretion of GH Somatostatin Inhibition of GH TRF Secretion of TSH CRF Secretion of TSH...

 GLANDS HORMONES FUNCTIONS DISORDERS Hypothalamus GHRF Secretion of GH Somatostatin Inhibition of GH TRF Secretion of TSH CRF Secretion of TSH PIF Inhibition of prolactin GnRH Secretion of FSH and LH Pituitary gland TSH  Stimulate thyroid gland  Regulate increase of no. of cells of thyroid gland ACTH Stimulate adrenal cortex FSH Follicle growth LH  Ovulation  ICSH in male release testosterone STH/GH  Cell growth DWARFISM low GH  Cell division GIGANTISM high GH  Metabolism in childhood  Uptake of amino ACROMEGALLY high acids in cells GH in adults  Protein synthesis  Replenishment LTH/Prolactin  Stimulates and sustains milk production  Breast development MSH Production of melanin ADH/Vasopressin  Reabsorption of DIABETES INSIPIDUS water low ADH  Increase of blood vol.  Increase of bp Oxytocin  Labour RUPTURING OF  Lactation UTERINE WALLS high oxytocin INHIBITION OF NORMAL LABOUR low oxytocin Pineal gland Melatonin  Maintains biological clock  Maintains sleep cycle  Growth and development of gonads and sex organs Thyroid gland T3 and T4  Maintains BMR HYPERTHYROIDISM  Glucose catabolism high T3/T4 and low  Synthesis of TSH cholesterol in liver GRAVES DISEASE high  Promotes T3/T4 development of NS in EXOPHTHALMIA high infants and fetus T3/T4  Physical growth and HYPOTHYROIDISM mental development low T3/T4 and high  Peristalsis TSH  Muscle development CRETINISM low T3/T4 and functioning in children  Responsible for MYXEDEMA low puberty T3/T4 in adults  Metamorphosis in GOITRE low iodine amphibians Calcitonin Reduce calcium level Low level of calcitonin in blood leads to similar cond. As in case of high PTH or vice versa HYPERCALCEMIA low calcitonin HYPOCALCEMIA high calcitonin Parathyroid gland PTH Raise blood calcium HYPERCALCEMIA level (parathyroid gland tumor + weak bones + weak NS + weakness of muscles + kidney stones) high PTH or low calcitonin HYPOCALCEMIA low PTH EXCITED NEURONS low PTH TETANY low PTH Thymus gland Thymosin Maturation of WBCs (especially T- lymphocytes) Pancreas Insulin Lowers blood sugar DIABETES MELLITUS level low insulin UPSET NS AND MUSCLE FUNCTIONING high insulin HYPOGLYCEMIA high insulin Glucagon Increases blood sugar CRAMPS low glucagon level HYPOGLYCEMIA low glucagon Adrenal gland Epinephrine and nor-  Inc. breathing rate + HYPERTENSION + epinephrine heart rate+ BP AGGRESSIVE  Inc. blood glucose BEHAVIOUR high  Constricts blood EPI/NE vessels (strictly NE) UNABLE TO COMBAT  Bronchial dilation WITH EMERGENCY (strictly EPI) SITUATIONS low  Pupil dilation EPI/NE  Inc. blood vol.  Inc. blood flow in muscles Aldosterone Reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- Androgen Make sec. sexual MASCULINAZATION characteristics IN FEMALES high androgens Cortisol  Reduces ADDISON’S DISEASE inflammation and low cortisol pain CUSHING SYNDROME  Metabolism of high cortisol glycogen  Inc. blood glucose  Hydrolysis of muscle protein Ovaries Estrogen  Sec. sexual STERILITY low characteristics estrogen  Heal/repair/vascularize FIBROIDS high uterine walls estrogen POLYCYSTIC OVARIES high estrogen Progesterone  Suppress ovulation EARLY  Prevent more follicle MENSTURATION low to ripen progesterone  Thickening and MISCARRIAGE AND vascularization of LOWER CHANCE OF uterine walls PREGNANCY low  Maintain pregnancy progesterone Testes Testosterone  Maturation and FEMININE maintenance of male CHARACTERS IN reproductive organs MALES low  Appearance of sec. testosterone sexual characters MALE STRILITY low  Sex drive testosterone  Normal sperm prod. Kidneys Renin Monitors BP Calcitriol  Acts on cells of intestine  Inc. absorption of Ca from diet EPO  Acts on bone marrow cells  Inc. prod. Of RBCs  Bleeding/O2 scarce cause inc. pf EPO