HLTH1005 Prac Questions PDF

# Lecture Objectives ## Cell Cycle & Mitosis - Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division - Understand the key phases of the cell cycle: G0/1, S, G2, and M/C - Explain the roles of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in regulating the cell cycle - Describe the function and...

# Lecture Objectives ## Cell Cycle & Mitosis - Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division - Understand the key phases of the cell cycle: G0/1, S, G2, and M/C - Explain the roles of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in regulating the cell cycle - Describe the function and significance of cell cycle checkpoints, including G1/S and G2/M, and their regulatory mechanisms - Analyse the role of tumour suppressor network, particularly p21 and p53, in controlling the cell cycle - Identify and describe the phases of mitosis: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase - Differentiate between mitosis and cytokinesis - Investigate the implications of cell cycle errors and their association with diseases like cancer - Explore research techniques for studying mitosis and the cell cycle ## DNA structure and Replication - Identify the genetic material, its chemical nature, size, shape and stranded-ness - Understand the mechanics of DNA replication - To understand and describe how DNA replication is initiated - Describe the structure of a chromosome and understand how DNA is packaged inside a nucleus - Understand the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genomes and their organisation - Understand eukaryotic genome organisation, including how the components of a gene ## Transcription - Outline the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription - Outline the main processes and steps involved in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription - List and describe the major transcriptional modifications made in eukaryotic organisms - Describe the central dogma of molecular biology and list one exception of this - Understand the different mechanisms used by eukaryotes to regulate gene expression - Explain how alternate splicing regulates the expression of human genes, giving multiple examples ## Protein Synthesis - Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis - List the requirements and steps involved in the initiation, elongation and termination of translation - Understand how tRNAs match amino acids to a codon - Explain how ribosomes function in protein synthesis - To understand the importance of protein folding, and how amino acid sequences determine three-dimensional protein structure - Describe the different post-translational modifications that can occur within the cell - Explain how phosphorylation and ubiquitination can regulate protein function ## Meiosis - Describe the events that characterize each phase of meiosis - Understand the differences and similarities between mitosis and meiosis - Trace the paths of chromosomes through meiosis - Understand how meiosis contributes to genetic diversity - Define the process and timing of crossing over, and how this increases genetic diversity - Explain how errors in meiosis can lead to chromosome disorders - Describe Mendel's Law of Segregation and the phase of meiosis in which it is applied - State Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment - Define the difference between recessive and dominant traits and how different modes of inheritance can contribute to their determination