Historical Development Of The Origin Of The Universe (PDF)

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE COSMIC CALENDAR ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did everything as we know today, come into being? COSMOLOGY Cosmology is the study of the origin, development, structure, history, and future of the entire universe. Hypothesis, Theory and Law OBJECTIVES...

ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE COSMIC CALENDAR ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did everything as we know today, come into being? COSMOLOGY Cosmology is the study of the origin, development, structure, history, and future of the entire universe. Hypothesis, Theory and Law OBJECTIVES Recall the different theories that explain the origin of the universe. Describe the historical development of theories that explain the origin of the universe. Explain the origin of the universe based from the Bigbang theory.  Historical Development of Theories on the Origin of the Universe RELIGIOUS COSMOLOGY GENESIS One of the books of Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament, describe how God separate light and darkness, and create sky, land, sea, moon, stars, and every living creature in a span of 6 days. RIGVEDA A Hindu text that describe the universe as oscillating universe. “cosmic egg” or brahmanda contain the whole universe - including the sun, moon, planets, and space- expanded out of a single point Bindu, and will eventually collapsed again. “cosmic egg” or brahmanda PRIMORDIAL UNIVERSE ANAXAGORAS Greek Philosopher who believed in Primordial universe. Primordial mixture set in motion by the action of “nous” or mind. ATOMIC UNIVERSE LEUCIPPUS and DEMOCRITUS Greek Philosophers who believed in “atomic universe”. The universe is made up of two fundamental elements, atoms and the void. PYTHAGOREAN UNIVERSE Pythagoras considered that the Earth and all the celestial bodies follow a circular orbit around an invisible fire, which was not the sun. The sun should follow its orbit too. Pythagorean Model of the Universe ARISTOTELIAN UNIVERSE Aristotle believed that everything in the universe was the mix of four elements, the Earth, water, air and fire. Aristotle believed that the Earth was sphere, stationary and at the center of the universe. It was surrounded by all the planets and the fixed stars revolved around it Aristotle's own model of the Universe was a development of that of Eudoxus who had also studied under Plato. Aristotelian Model of the Universe GEOCENTRIC UNIVERSE Greek philosophers Aristotle and Ptolemy proposed geocentric universe. Earth stayed motionless in the heavens and everything was revolving around it. Geocentric Model of the Universe HELIOCENTRIC UNIVERSE In 1543, Astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus demonstrated that the motion of celestial objects can be explained without putting Earth in the center of the universe. In 1584, Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno suggested that even the Solar System is not the center of the universe- it is merely just another star system among an infinite multitude of others. Heliocentric Model of the Universe SIR ISAAC NEWTON ▪ Law of motion ▪ Static, steady-state infinite universe. ▪ Matter on the large scale is uniformly distributed. ▪ Universe is gravitationally balanced but essentially unstable. RENE DESCARTES ▪ Static, infinite universe. ▪ Vacuum of space was not empty but rather filled with matter that swirled around in large and small vortices. ▪ His model involved a system of huge swirling whirlpools of fine matter, producing what would later be called as gravitational effects. ALBERT EINSTEIN Theory of General Relativity- theory of gravity. Assumed a static and dynamically stable universe which was neither expanding nor contracting. EDWIN HUBBLE In 1929, American astronomer showed that the universe was not static. Demonstrate the continuously expanding universe through his observation galactic redshift. MODERN THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE BIGBANG BIGBANG In 1927, Georges Lemaître– Belgian Roman priest, proposed the modern Bigbang theory. In 1929, Edwin Hubble discovery of a continuously expanding universe supported the Bigbang theory. BIGBANG Is the current accepted model on the formation of the universe. The bigbang describes the universe as expanding, having originated from infinitely tiny, infinitely dense point around 14 billion years ago. Matter was not present at the beginning of time; there was only pure energy compressed in a single point called singularity. STEADY STATE UNIVERSE proposed by astronomers Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, and Hermann Bondi. Predicted that the universe expanded but did not change its density- matter was inserted into the universe as it expanded in order to maintain a constant density OSCILLATING UNIVERSE Expansion of the universe for a time, and then to its contraction due to pull of its gravity in a perpetual cycle of Big Bang and Big Crunch. INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE American physicist Alan Guth proposed a model of the universe based on the big bang theory. He incorporate a short early period of exponential cosmic inflation in order to solve the uncertainties of the standard bigbang model. MULTIVERSE Russian-American physicist Andrei Linde developed the concept of inflationary universe from his chaotic inflation universe theory in 1983. This theory sees the universe as just one of many “bubbles” that grew as a part of multiverse. American physicist Hugh Everett III and Bryce DeWitt had initially developed and popularized the concept of “many worlds” structure of the universe in the 1960s and 1970s. In your book, read and study pages 9–11. In your notebook, differentiate the hypothesis on the origin of the solar system based on the main idea and its proponent. Illustrate the key events in the formation of the solar system according to each theory (with brief descriptions). THANK YOU!