Introduction to Game Theory PDF

TEMA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN. ¿QUÉ ES UN JUEGO? ¿QUÉ ES JUGAR? Beatriz Pérez Zapata [email protected] “Play is the aimless expenditure of exuberant energy.” Friedrich Schiller “Play is whatever is done spontaneously and for its own sake.” George Santayana “…play creates a zone of proximal developm...

TEMA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN. ¿QUÉ ES UN JUEGO? ¿QUÉ ES JUGAR? Beatriz Pérez Zapata [email protected] “Play is the aimless expenditure of exuberant energy.” Friedrich Schiller “Play is whatever is done spontaneously and for its own sake.” George Santayana “…play creates a zone of proximal development of the child. In play a child always behaves beyond his average age.” Lev Vygotsky “Play is free movement within a more rigid structure.” Katie Salen & Eric Zimmerman “A game is a closed, formal system that engages players in a structured conflict, and resolves in an unequal outcome.” Tracy Fullerton, Chris Swain and Steven Hoffman “A game is a series of meaningful choices” Sid Meier “A game is a … domain of contrived contingency that generates interpretable outcomes.” Thomas Mallaby “A game is a problem-solving activity, approached with a playful attitude.” Jesse Schell “For how is the concept of a game bounded? What still counts as a game and what no longer does? Can you give the boundary? No.” Ludwig Wittgenstein “Play is a voluntary activity or occupation executed within certain fixed limits of time and place, according to rules freely accepted but absolutely binding, having its aim in itself and accompanied by a feeling of tension, joy and the consciousness that it is ‘different’ from ‘ordinary life’”. Huizinga (1938) “After examining different possibilities, I am proposing a division into four main rubrics, depending upon whether, in the games under consideration, the role of competition, chance, simulation, or vertigo is dominant. I call these agôn, alea, mimicry and ilinx, respectively. All four indeed belong to the domain of play.” Caillois (1962: 12) · Agon / Competition · Simulation / Mimicry · Ilinx / Vertigo · Alea / Chance Ludus/Game —————— Paidia/Play  “Hard coded” games “Soft coded” games Ludus Paidia rules are set from the beginning Rules are created during playing and the game was designed time or they are just frameworks. before playing time. Play is… · Contextual · Carnivalesque · Appropriative · Disruptive · Autotelic · Creative · Personal “A game is an experience created by rules.” Anna Anthropy  Pre-lusory Goal Constitutive Rules Lusory Attitude voluntarily overcoming unnecessary obstacles Entonces, ¿qué es el videojuego? El videojuego Procedural Enciclopédico Participativo Espacial  Videojuego como performance Jugador ejecuta Texto dramático ya establecido Una propuesta de definición operativa Entorno virtual híbrido en el que pueden (y suelen) incluirse actividades de play y de game Objeto/texto + Actividad ¿Y quién es el autor? El autor es… · el diseñador, que lo ha creado todo · yo, el jugador, ¡porque yo juego! · Co-autoría (desigual: creador y performance) El gamemaster (GM) invisible