Oral Histology Workbook PDF - ODS Year 1

ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1 Workbook for Histology of the Hard tissues Enamel, Dentine, Pulp and Cementum Table of Contents 1. OVERVIEW......................

ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1 Workbook for Histology of the Hard tissues Enamel, Dentine, Pulp and Cementum Table of Contents 1. OVERVIEW...............................................................................................................................................................................1 ANSWERS:.........................................................................................................................................................................................1 ASSESSMENT:....................................................................................................................................................................................1 2. RESOURCES TO SUPPORT LEARNING............................................................................................................................2 TEXTBOOK READING:........................................................................................................................................................................2 ARTICLES..............................................................................................................................................................................................2 ONLINE VIDEOS AND VIRTUAL LABORATORY...................................................................................................................................2 3. COMPOSITION COMPARISON TABLE..........................................................................................................................................4 4. HISTOLOGY OF ENAMEL....................................................................................................................................................5 5. HISTOLOGY OF DENTINE....................................................................................................................................................9 6. HISTOLOGY OF PULP.........................................................................................................................................................13 7. HISTOLOGY OF CEMENTUM......................................................................................................................................................17 1. Overview The aim of this workbook is to support your learning of oral histology as part of Oral Dental Sciences. It is to be completed in conjunction with the oral histology pre-recorded sessions:  Enamel  Dentine  Pulp  Cementum It is self-directed and not mandatory. I do strongly recommend you use it to support your foundational knowledge in this topic not only for Year 1 but also for Year 2, 3 and your future career. Answers: There will not be an answer guide for this workbook, use the lecture materials and resources to help you find the answers and check with each other. This is because it is a self-directed activity and to give you practice in seeking the answers for yourself. If you have queries please use the forum set up on Moodle – Oral Histology Forum. Assessment: All oral histology topics including pulp will be assessed in the summative assessment for Oral and Dental Sciences. Oral histology provides the foundations for effective oral health assessment, care planning and care provision as a dental care professional and thus will be drawn upon in Year 2 and 3 assessments. There will be a live histology case study session next term to help consolidate your learning in this topic. 1 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1 2. Resources to support learning. Textbook reading:  Berkovitz et al., 2018. Oral anatomy, histology and embryology / B. K. B. Berkovitz, G. R. Holland, B. J. Moxham ; contributions on dental radiography, J. Makdissi. Fifth. o Chapter 8 Enamel o Chapter 9 Dentine o Chapter 10 Pulp o Chapter 11 Cementum  Nanci, A. & Ten Cate, A.R., 2018. Ten Cate's oral histology : development, structure, and function. 9th edition / Antonio Nanci, PhD (McGill), PhD Honoris cause (University of Messina). o Chapter 7 Enamel o Chapter 8 Dentine-Pulp Complex o Chapter 9 Cementum, p193-205 Articles  Article on the structure of enamel rods: Beniash, E., Stifler, C.A., Sun, CY. et al. The hidden structure of human enamel. Nat Commun 10, 4383 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12185-7  Article explaining enamel defects: Patel, A., Aghababaie, S. & Parekh, S. Hypomineralisation or hypoplasia?. Br Dent J 227, 683–686 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-0782-9  Article discussing enamel and dentine defects: Seow WK. Developmental defects of enamel and dentine: challenges for basic science research and clinical management. Aust Dent J. 2014 Jun;59 Suppl 1:143-54. doi: 10.1111/adj.12104. Epub 2013 Oct 27. PMID: 24164394.  In depth article on the structure of dentine: Goldberg, M., Kulkarni, A. B., Young, M., & Boskey, A. (2011). Dentin: structure, composition and mineralization. Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition), 3, 711–735. https://doi.org/10.2741/e281 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3360947/  Article on the structure of dentine: Tjäderhane, L., Carrilho, M.R., Breschi, L., Tay, F.R. and Pashley, D.H. (2009), Overview of dentin structure. Endod Topics, 20: 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00269.x  Useful article with details on the dental pulp functions and responses Yu C, Abbott PV. An overview of the dental pulp: its functions and responses to injury. Aust Dent J. 2007 Mar;52(1 Suppl):S4-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00525.x. PMID: 17546858. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17546858/  Useful article on cementum: Yamamoto T, Hasegawa T, Yamamoto T, Hongo H, Amizuka N. Histology of human cementum: Its structure, function, and development. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2016 Aug;52(3):63-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.04.002. Epub 2016 Apr 27. PMID: 28408958; PMCID: PMC5390338. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5390338/#bib0380 Online videos and virtual laboratory  Online Video on Amelogenesis and Enamel Structure: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUYp8H_HHz4&t=4s  Online Video on Dentinogenesis and Dentine Structure: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aT9cAQtIqnc 2 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1  Useful overview with histological sections of the dental pulp in the oral histology virtual laboratory: http://www.uky.edu/~brmacp/oralhist/module4/lecture/oh4lect.htm  Digital histology lab for Cementum: http://www.uky.edu/~brmacp/oralhist/module7/lab/oh7main.htm  Online reading: https://www.dentomedia.info/2020/04/dental-cementum.html  Online textbook: https://periobasics.com/cementum/ 3 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1 3. Composition Comparison Table Features Enamel Dentine Pulp Cementum Mineral content and % Organic content and % Water content Embryonic origin (ectoderm OR ectomesenchy me) Formation cell (lifespan) Key structural features Key Functions Any other comments? 4 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1 4. Histology of Enamel 4.1 Draw a diagram to demonstrate the histological structure and arrangement of enamel for an incisor crown. Label these features and include a short description including their orientation – enamel rods, interrod, enamel crystallites, 4.2 How does the structure of enamel link to the function of enamel? Relate to the features of enamel. 5 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1 4.3 Write a brief description for each of the structural features and comment on the clinical significance:  Incremental lines  Enamel tufts  Enamel spindles  Perkymata  Hunter Schreger bands  Stria of Retzius  Lamella 6 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1 4.4 Describe how the components of enamel enable make it susceptible to dental caries as well as resistant. 4.5 How might this impact on caries management? 7 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS Year 1 4.6 Using your knowledge of the structural features of enamel, describe how enamel is able to carry out each function - use examples to explain your answers  Protection  Remineralise/demineralise  Inability to repair itself 4.7 Thinking about enamel over the life-course, discuss how the structure of enamel itself is vulnerable to changes in the oral environment. 8 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 5. Histology of Dentine 5.1 Draw a diagram of the structure and contents of dentine tubules. Label these features and include a short description – peritubular dentine, intertubular dentine, odontoblast process, periodontoblastic space, fluid 5.2 Write a brief description for each of the structural features:  Incremental lines  Dentinal tubules  Interglobular dentine  Sclerotic dentine  Dead tracts  Granular layer of tomes 9 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 5.3 Compare and contrast the 3 types of dentine using the table below: Category Primary dentine Secondary dentine Tertiary dentine What - Description When - formation begins When – formation complete Where – location Mineral content Structural features Clinical relevance Additional notes 10 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 5.4 Draw a diagram showing the relationship between the dentine, pulp and odontoblast. HINT: odontoblast should be at the periphery of the pulp, with a process extending into dentine tubule 5.5 Describe the how structural components of dentine make it a softer tissue compared to enamel. 5.6 How does this impact on caries progression? 11 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 5.7 Using your knowledge of the structural features of dentine, describe how dentine is able to carry out each function use examples where possible:  Protection – (covers the pulp in the crown and root, secondary dentine)  Support – (supports enamel with elasticity analogy of dropping boiled egg)  Repair – (odontoblasts live on able to respond to injury/insult in limited way tertiary dentine)  Feel pain – (Odontoblastic process, proximity of pulp) 12 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 6. Histology of Pulp 6.1 Draw a rough outline of the location of the pulp (including the pulp chamber, root canals and apical foramen) in the following teeth: a. Upper central permanent incisor b. Lower second permanent molar c. Upper first premolar 13 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 6.2 Label the components that make up the composition of the pulp in diagram B: 14 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 6.3 Complete the table below linking composition, structure, and function: Composition Description Zone of pulp Functions Blood vessels lymph vessels nerve supply odontoblasts fibroblasts defense cells undifferentiated cells fibers ground substance 15 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 6.4 Discuss 3 ways in which the dentine and pulp are structurally related. Think cells, origin, location, functions 6.5 Thinking about the location of the pulp, discuss how this may impact on the pulps’ ability to function when it becomes inflamed. (link to the signs of inflammation) 16 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 7. Histology of Cementum 7.1 The embryonic origin of cementum, a soft-jelly like connective tissue, is the: a. Ectoderm b. Mesoderm c. Ectomesenchyme d. Endoderm 7.2 The process of cementogenesis is carried out by the following type of cell: a. Ameloblast b. Cementoblast c. Osteoblast d. Cementocyte 7.3 Complete the table comparing the composition of enamel, dentine and bone: Feature Enamel Dentine Cementum Bone Mineral content (%) organic content (%) Critical pH Cell presence Functions Other useful points 7.4 Complete the table: Type of Cementum Fibres Location on the Functions tooth Acellular Cellular Acellular afibrillar 17 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 7.5 Label the features on the diagram: Acellular cementum, cellular cementum, dentine, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, cemento- enamel junction, cementoid, cementocytes, cementoblasts, odontoblasts, fibroblasts, extrinsic fibres (sharpey’s fibres), intrinsic fibres (image adapted from Matalova et al 2015) 7.6 Describe how the function of acellular cementum relates to its features and the distribution on the tooth root. 7.7 Describe how the functions of cellular cementum relate to its features and the distribution on the tooth root. 7.8 Sketch/draw the three possible configurations for the cemento-enamel junction. 18 ORAL HISTOLOGY WORKBOOK ODS 7.9 What is the significance of the gap when the CEJ is exposed? 19