HIS Lab - Module 2: Basic Concepts of Hospital Information Systems

Module 2: Basic Concepts of Hospital Information System (c) Charisse Anne Domingo RMT MMHOA  Data Data constitute reinterpretable representations of information, or knowledge, in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpre...

Module 2: Basic Concepts of Hospital Information System (c) Charisse Anne Domingo RMT MMHOA  Data Data constitute reinterpretable representations of information, or knowledge, in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or machines. A set of data that is put together for the purpose of transmission and that is considered to be one entity for this purpose is called a message.  Knowledge Knowledge is general information about concepts in a certain (scientific or professional) domain (e.g., about diseases, therapeutic methods). Knowledge with specific information about particular individuals of the domain (e.g., patients).  Information System It is part of an enterprise that processes and stores data, information, and knowledge. It can be defined as the socio-technical subsystem of an enterprise, which comprises all information processing as well as the associated human or technical actors in their respective information processing roles.  Information System “Socio-” refers to the people involved in information processing (healthcare professionals, administrative staff, computer scientists) Technical refers to information processing tools (computers, telephones, patient records). Computer-supported information system comprises computer-based information processing and communication tools  Component of Information System Systems It is a set of persons, things, and/or events that forms an entity, together with their relationships. We distinguish between natural systems and artificial (man-made) systems. a) Natural System - nervous system is a typical natural system, consisting of neurons and theirrelationships. b) Man- Made System – a hospital, consisting of staff, patients, and relatives, and their interactions. c) Socio-Technical System - consists of both human and technical components  Component of Information System Subsystem comprise a subset of the components and the relationships between them Example: a) sympathetic nervous system is subsystem of nervous system b) a ward with its staff and patients is a subsystem of hospitals  Component of Information System Enterprise It describes what acting human or machines must do in a certain enterprise to contribute to its mission and goals. Examples: a) patient admission b) clinical documentation c) financial controlling  Component of Information System Activity It is an instantiation of an enterprise function working on an individual entity Example: “Dr. Domingo admits patient Maria Clara” is an activity of the enterprise function “patient admission  Component of Information System Application components It support enterprise functions and distinguish computer-based on paper- based application components. Computer-based application components are controlled by application programs, which are adapted software products.  Component of Information System Paper-based application components Controlled by working plans that describe how people use paper-based physical data Comprises not only paper as the main documentation carrier, but also other nonelectronic documents  Component of Information System Physical data processing components describe the information processing tools that are used to realize the computer-based and the paper based application components Examples: a) human actors – delivery man b) paper based physical tools -printed forms, telephones, books, patient record c) computer systems - terminals, servers, personal computers  Typical physical data processing components (computer, printer telephone, paper-based patient record, blackboards) on a ward  Hospital Information System It is the sociotechnical subsystem of a hospital, which comprises all information processing as well as the associated human or technical actors in their respective information processing roles. A healthcare professional accessing patient information.  Hospital Information System The goal of a hospital information system is to sufficiently enable the adequate execution of hospital functions for patient care, including patient administration, considering economic hospital management as well as legal and other requirements. Legal requirements concern data protection or reimbursement aspects  Hospital Information System To support patient care and the associated administration, the tasks of hospital information systems are: ❑ To make information, primarily about patients, current information should be provided on time, at the right location ❑Data must be correctly collected, stored, processed, and systematically documented to ensure that correct, pertinent, and up-to-date patient information can be supplied  Hospital Information System ❑To make knowledge, for example, about diseases, about side effects, and interactions of medications, available to support diagnostics and therapy; ❑To make information about the quality of patient care and the performance and cost situation within the hospital available  Hospital Information System Hospital information systems must consider various areas of a hospital, such as: ✓wards ✓outpatient units ✓service units: diagnostic ( clinical laboratory, radiological department) ✓therapeutic (operation room) ✓pharmacy, patient records archive, library, blood bank ✓hospital administration areas (general administration, patient administration and accounting, technology, economy and supply, human resources) ✓offices and writing services for (clinical) report writing  Patient Care and Web Many healthcare organizations offer information on their services on the internet. ❑Healthcare professionals and patients therefore can easily inform themselves on the available healthcare services in a city or area, and they can find specialized institutions for their needs ❑More and more clinical knowledge is available on the Internet  Patient Care and Web ❑There are already several initiatives offering patients the possibility to manage their personal health record on the Internet ❑The rising connectivity of healthcare institutions and the rising bandwidth of the Internet allows telemedical applications ❑Telemedicine means to provide diagnostics and therapy even when the patient and the healthcare professional are at remote places  Information Management in Hospitals The goal of information management is that it contributes to the hospital’s strategic goals (such as efficient patient care and high satisfaction of patients and staff) Information management contributes to the hospital’s success and ability to compete