Neolithic Culture (YEAR1_SEM1) PDF

HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN NEOLITHIC CULTURE | Q1, SEM 1 Longhouses NEOLITHIC CULTURE ○ Three kinds of plans: Change of lifestyle Tri...

HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN NEOLITHIC CULTURE | Q1, SEM 1 Longhouses NEOLITHIC CULTURE ○ Three kinds of plans: Change of lifestyle Tripartite Plan - had an entrance ○ The primitive semi-nomadic style of facing SE, central living area, hunter-gatherer disappeared and a deeper storage area ○ Became focused on agriculture and Bipartite Plan - had a combined domestication of animals entrance and living area ○ Commerce began to slowly emerge Single Plan - only possessed a The beginning of civilization living area ○ Smaller, with a central interior row of CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOLITHIC posts supporting a molded gabled roof CULTURES ○ Additional interior supports came in the Characterized by stone tools shaped by form of partitions made from wattle and polishing or grinding daub Farming led to a growth in crafts like pottery and weaving Triggered a variety of new activities; stimulation of trade, construction of trading vehicles (boats), new forms of social organizations, growth of religious belief and ceremonies Homo sapiens lived in settlements with farming and agricultural lifestyles Drystone houses Dwellings (shelters) used more of timber and ○ Using stones that splinter into naturally stone symmetrical “bricks” to make walls ○ Timber-framed roundhouses without using any cement or mortar Walls were secured by timber ○ Bore rectilinear plans with rounded frames and secured into the edges ground by reeds ○ Access into the house was through a The woven structure is covered tunnel passage that can be secured by with a mixture of crushed chalk, a door and locked from the inside with chopped straw, and water (chalk a horizontal beam daub)pitched roofs with ○ Roofing was made of turf and thatch, extending eaves with a porthole over the hearth Had a raised platform with a depressed hearth and storage bin  HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN NEOLITHIC CULTURE | Q1, SEM 1 ○ The rings of stone monuments are MEGALITHIC STRUCTURE composed of smaller monoliths and Large undressed stone also known as trilithons, megalithic post-lintel petroforms, is used in the construction of structures made from bluestones and monuments during the period 4500-1000 BCE sarsen stones ○ Stones that are fitted together without ○ The Heel stone - a lone stone marker, the use of cement or mortar sits NE of the sarsen circle at the end of Used as ceremonial or ritualistic structures, Stonehenge Avenue tombs, and sanctuaries ○ Built by a Neolithic culture, theories Highly sophisticated and decorated were made regarding the purpose; an Divided into two categories astronomical observatory or a religious ○ Monolithic type site ○ Polylithic type MONOLITHS Menhir ○ Unhewn individual monolithic structures standing upright into the ground ○ It purpose range from phallic fertility symbols to landmarks for landscape maps or observatories to track celestial movements Capstones NEOLITHIC ART ○ Single megaliths placed horizontally, PAINTING often over burial chambers, without the Cave art began to disappear use of support stones Focused more on agriculture, rearing of POLYLITHS domesticated animals, and used polished Dolmens rather than chipped stone or tools ○ Capstones supported by two or more POTTERY AND TERRACOTTA FIGURES upright stones (a post and lintel Most prevalent form of art due to the functional configuration) need to create vessels and containers for ○ May be burial sites or used to agricultural produce, as well as alcohol demarcate territorial boundaries Ceramic figure ware, as well as decorated Cists pottery began to emerge ○ Subterranean stone ossuaries used for PORTABLE CARVINGS burial Crafts were developed as well as various forms Cromlech of decorative art and design ○ Comes from the Welsh words, “bent” or ○ The Kneeling Bull with Vessel curved stone Earliest treasures of silver ○ Pertains to a cluster of Dolmens metalwork arranged in a circle Crafted by Mesopotamian ○ Used to mark sacred spaces silversmiths during the Stonehenge Proto-Elamite Period ○ Most famous cromlech found in Wiltshire, England  HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN NEOLITHIC CULTURE | Q1, SEM 1 ○ Black - derived from manganese ores and charcoal ○ Red, yellow, and brown - came from limonite and hematite (ochre and sienna), a range from reddish brown to straw color. Tones of red-violet is a result of the natural peroxide of iron Mineral-based pigments used in parietal art: OCHRE From hematite, ferrous oxide, or limonite Employed by almost every Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic culture Used as paint for cave pictures, pottery, and ○ The Ram in a thicket the human body Statuette of a goat perched ○ Yellow Ochre = goethite against a bush looking for food ○ Red Ochre = hematite The tree is of gold lead as well ○ Borne Ochre = manganese as the goat’s face and legs UMBER The goat’s ears are of copper Usually brown or reddish-brown alloy Contains both iron oxide and manganese oxide Its horns, eyes, and shoulder The hue depends on the amount of iron oxide fleece is lapis lazuli and manganese it contains (more manganese = The body fleece is of white shell darker) Originally mounted on a wooden ○ Raw Umber core, the pedestal with mosaic ○ Burnt Umber decoration in shell and red SIENNA limestone Lighter than Umber Contains both iron oxide and manganese oxide ○ Raw Sienna ○ Burnt Sienna MANGANESE Stone age artists obtained their “black” colors from a range of manganese oxides ○ Jet black groutite ○ Brownish-black hausmannite ○ Dark steel-grey manganite ○ brownish -black todorokite and birnessite KAOLIN Most common minerals PREHISTORIC COLOR PALETTE Used as a white color pigment in Stone Age art All the colors used are found on minerals or Soft, eathy, white mineral, occasionally charcoal rust-colored by a higher iron oxide content Their limited palette was produced from three By heating kaolin clay, they would increase its primary colors: red, black, and yellow whiteness and hardness HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN NEOLITHIC CULTURE | Q1, SEM 1 CLASS NOTES