Heart and Lungs Test Review PDF

Unit 4 Test Review: The Circulation System; Heart, Lungs & Diagram Name: Part 1: Matching on Heart Anatomy and Function (Questions 1-10) Word Bank: A. Initiates the heartbeat B. Receives oxygenated blood fr...

Unit 4 Test Review: The Circulation System; Heart, Lungs & Diagram Name: Part 1: Matching on Heart Anatomy and Function (Questions 1-10) Word Bank: A. Initiates the heartbeat B. Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs C. Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body D. Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body E. Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs F. Prevents backflow into the right atrium G. Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs H. Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart I. Prevents backflow into the left atrium J. Main artery leaving the heart 1. Left Ventricle 2. Mitral Valve 3. SA Node 4. Pulmonary Veins 5. Aorta 6. Tricuspid Valve 7. Pulmonary Artery 8. Right Atrium 9. Left Atrium 10. Right Ventricle Part 2. Matching on function of the lungs and diaphragm. Terms may be used up to 2 times. Rib cage Diaphragm Oxygen Inhalation Exhalation Contract Lungs Alveoli Expand Carbon dioxide 11. The primary function of the _____ is to facilitate gas exchange, absorbing _____ and releasing _____. 12. The _____ is a muscle located below the lungs that plays a crucial role in breathing. 13. During _____, the diaphragm _____ to increase the space in the chest cavity, allowing air to flow into the lungs. 14. When you breathe out during _____, the diaphragm _____, forcing air out of the lungs. 15. Tiny air sacs in the lungs called _____ are crucial for exchanging gases with the bloodstream. 16. The movement of the _____ helps protect the lungs and also aids in the breathing process. 17. To bring in more air, the lungs _____ as the diaphragm moves downward. 18. The expulsion of air during breathing involves the lungs and the _____ returning to their normal size. 19. _____ is the process of taking air into the lungs, while _____ is the process of expelling air out. 20. The exchange of _____ and _____ occurs in the alveoli during the breathing process. SA Node (Word Bank) Word Bank: Heart Rate Arrhythmia Electrical Impulses Atria Ventricles AV Node Pacemaker Contraction Blood Flow Right Atrium 1. What is the SA node commonly referred to as, and why is it important? 2. Where is the SA node located in the heart? 3. What type of signals does the SA node generate to regulate the heartbeat? 4. After the SA node generates an impulse, where does the electrical signal first spread? 5. What happens to the atria when they receive the electrical impulse from the SA node? 6. After the right atria contract, where does the electrical signal travel next? 7. Why does the AV node delay the signal before sending it to the ventricles? 8. What happens in the ventricles after they receive the electrical impulse? 9. How does the SA node regulate heart rate under normal conditions? 10. What can occur if the SA node does not function properly? Heart Attack (Fill in the Blank, No Word Bank) 1. A heart attack occurs when ______ to a part of the heart is blocked. 2. The blockage is often caused by a buildup of ______ in the coronary arteries. 3. One of the most common symptoms of a heart attack is ______ or discomfort. 4. Women may experience ______ symptoms such as unusual fatigue or indigestion-like pain. 5. A heart attack can lead to permanent damage or even ______ of heart tissue. Energy Drinks (Fill in the Blank, No Word Bank) 1. Energy drinks can increase the risk of a heart attack by raising ______ and blood pressure. 2. Stimulants in energy drinks can cause the coronary arteries to ______, reducing blood flow. 3. Energy drinks also increase the risk of ______, which can block blood flow in the arteries. Effects of Smoking and Vaping on the Heart (10 Questions) 1. What are three harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke that negatively impact the heart? 2. How does nicotine affect heart rate and blood pressure? 3. What does carbon monoxide do to the body’s oxygen supply? 4. How does cigarette smoke damage the lining of arteries? 5. Why does smoking increase the risk of blood clots? 6. What are the long-term risks of smoking on heart health? 7. How does vaping impact blood vessels differently than smoking? 8. What is atherosclerosis, and how does vaping contribute to it? 9. What are free radicals, and how do they affect heart and lung tissues? 10. Why is Vitamin E acetate considered dangerous when inhaled? How Smoking and Vaping Differ (15 Questions) Word Bank Word Bank: Atherosclerosis Carbon Monoxide Formaldehyde Tar Combustion Exposure Blood Clots Oxidative Stress Acrolein Stimulants EVALI Lung Inflammation Heart Disease Secondhand Injury Nicotine 1. What chemical in cigarette smoke binds to hemoglobin and reduces oxygen supply to the body? 2. Why does smoking increase the risk of atherosclerosis? 3. What is the primary reason why cigarette smoke has a strong, lingering odor? 4. How does vaping differ from smoking in terms of chemical exposure? 5. What toxic byproducts are released when vape liquids are heated? 6. Why is the smell of vaping less noticeable than cigarette smoke? 7. What is the main reason vaping aerosols do not linger on clothes and furniture? 8. How does secondhand exposure to vaping still pose risks to non-users? 9. What are the potential long-term consequences of inhaling formaldehyde and acrolein? 10. How does vaping contribute to oxidative stress in the body? 11. What condition linked to vaping involves serious lung damage and difficulty breathing? 12. Why do energy drinks increase the risk of heart attacks? 13. How does Vitamin E acetate make vaping uniquely dangerous? 14. What are two key differences in nicotine exposure between smoking and vaping? 15. What is the best way to protect your heart from the effects of smoking and vaping? KEY Part 1: Matching on Heart Anatomy and Function 1. Left Ventricle - C. Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body 2. Mitral Valve - I. Prevents backflow into the left atrium 3. SA Node - A. Initiates the heartbeat 4. Pulmonary Veins - B. Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs 5. Aorta - J. Main artery leaving the heart 6. Tricuspid Valve - F. Prevents backflow into the right atrium 7. Pulmonary Artery - G. 8. Right Atrium - D. Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body 9. Left Atrium - B. Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs 10. Right Ventricle - E. Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Part 2: Matching on function of the lungs and diaphragm 11. Lungs, oxygen, carbon dioxide 12. Diaphragm 13. Inhalation, expand 14. Exhalation, contract 15. Alveoli 16. Rib cage 17. Expand 18. Rib cage 19. Inhalation, exhalation 20. Oxygen, carbon dioxide SA Node Questions 1. The SA node is commonly referred to as the pacemaker of the heart because it generates the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat. 2. It is located in the right atrium of the heart. 3. The SA node generates electrical impulses. 4. After generating an impulse, the electrical signal first spreads through the atria. 5. The atria contract when they receive the electrical impulse from the SA node. 6. After the right atria contract, the electrical signal travels to the AV node. 7. The AV node delays the signal to ensure the ventricles fill with blood before contracting. 8. The ventricles contract after receiving the electrical impulse. 9. The SA node regulates heart rate by adjusting the rate of electrical impulse generation. 10. If the SA node does not function properly, it can lead to arrhythmias, affecting the heart ability to pump blood effectively. Heart Attack Questions 1. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked. 2. The blockage is often caused by a buildup of plaque. 3. One of the most common symptoms of a heart attack is chest pain. 4. Women may experience atypical symptoms such as unusual fatigue or indigestion-like pain. 5. A heart attack can lead to death of heart tissue. Energy Drinks 1. Energy drinks can increase the risk of a heart attack by raising heart rate. 2. Stimulants in energy drinks can cause the coronary arteries to narrow. 3. Energy drinks also increase the risk of blood clots. Effects of Smoking and Vaping on the Heart 1. Nicotine, carbon monoxide, tar are three harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke that negatively impact the heart. 2. Nicotine affects the heart rate and blood pressure by raising both, causing the heart to work harder. 3. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen supply to the body by binding to hemoglobin in the blood. 4. Cigarette smoke damages the lining of arteries by making them stiff and less elastic, promoting plaque buildup. 5. Smoking increases the risk of blood clots, which can block arteries and lead to heart attacks or strokes. 6. Long-term risks of smoking on heart health include increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and chronic cardiovascular diseases. 7. Vaping impacts blood vessels by damaging the inner lining, which makes them prone to atherosclerosis. 8. Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, and vaping contributes to it by damaging blood vessels and promoting plaque buildup. 9. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and tissues, and vaping increases their production. 10. Vitamin E acetate is considered dangerous when inhaled because it is associated with severe lung injury known as EVALI (E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury). These answers should help you prepare for your test on the circulatory and respiratory systems. Good luck! 1. Carbon monoxide 2. Causes plaque buildup and artery damage 3. Tar and combustion byproducts 4. Vaping doesn’t burn tobacco 5. Formaldehyde and acrolein 6. No combustion means less odor 7. No tar or ash residue 8. Aerosols still contain harmful chemicals 9. Damage to blood vessels and heart tissue 10. Weakens arteries and increases inflammation 11. EVALI 12. Raise heart rate and blood pressure 13. Toxic when inhaled 14. Vaping delivers more nicotine