Heart Anatomy PDF

Bei Cheng Department of Anatomy Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences  Composition of Angiology (Circulatory System) Heart Arteries Cardiovascular system Blood (closed) Cap...

Bei Cheng Department of Anatomy Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences  Composition of Angiology (Circulatory System) Heart Arteries Cardiovascular system Blood (closed) Capillaries Veins lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic Lymphatic tissue system Lymphatic organs  Composition of Angiology (Circulatory System) Heart Arteries Cardiovascular system Blood (closed) Capillaries Veins lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic Lymphatic tissue system Lymphatic organs  Composition of Angiology (Circulatory System) Heart Arteries Cardiovascular system Blood (closed) Capillaries Veins lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic Lymphatic tissue: system lymphatic follicles Lymphatic organs: Lymph node lymph nodes tonsils spleen thymus spleen thymus  Functions of Angiology (Circulatory System) Maintaining homeostasis： depends on the continuous and controlled movement of blood through the thousands of miles of capillaries Material transportation: nutrients and other essential materials pass from capillary blood into fluids surrounding the cells as waste products are removed Immunologic function: to defense against invading microorganisms and disease The heart pumps blood through as many as 60,000 miles of blood vessels, delivering nutrients to, and removing wastes from, all body cells. General Description of Cardiovascular System  Composition of Cardiovascular System  Blood Circulation  Vascular Anastomoses  Composition of Cardiovascular System 1. Heart : a muscular pump providing the force necessary to circulate the blood to all tissues in the body The normal adult heart pumps about 5 liters of blood every minute throughout life. If it loses its pumping effectiveness for even a few minutes, the individual's life is jeopardized. Left half Right half Interatrial septum Left Left atrium Right atrium Right atrioventricular atrioventricular orifice Left ventricle Right ventricle orifice Interventricular septum 2. Artery: blood vessels to carry blood away from the heart Walls tunica intima/interna(endothelium) smoothing lining tunica media(smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue) allows constriction and dilation of vessels; thicker than in veins tunica adventitia/externa(fibrous type of vessel connective tissue) provides flexible support that resists collapse or injury; thicker than in veins; thinner than tunica media Artery Tunica interna ‫فقط در سرخرگهای بزرگ‬ Internal elastic lamina Tunica media Tunica adventitia Serous membrane 2. Artery: blood vessels to carry blood away from the heart Right common carotid artery Left common carotid artery Right subclavian artery Branches Brachiocephalic trunk Left subclavian artery Classes Pulmonary trunk ‫هدایتکننده‬ Large/elastic/conducting artery : aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid and subclavian arteries, pulmonary trunk, and common iliac arteries Medium/muscular/distributing artery: brachial, femoral, renal, and splenic arteries Small/resistence artery and arteriole: the major point of resistance against blood flowing into any particular organ. the major point of control over how much blood an organ or tissue receives.  3. Vein : blood vessels to carry blood toward the heart Almost 70 percent of the total blood volume is in the veins at any given time. Walls tunica intima/interna(endothelium) smoothing lining with semilunar valves to ensure one-way flow tunica media(smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue) allows constriction and dilation of vessels; thinner than in arteries tunica adventitia/externa(fibrous type of vessel connective tissue) provides flexible support that resists collapse or injury; thinner than in arteries; thicker than tunica media Vein Tunica interna Venous valve Internal elastic lamina Tunica media Tunica adventitia 3. Vein : blood vessels to carry blood toward the heart ‫بهم میپیوندند و تبدیل به سیاهرگ میشن برا همین شاخه بهش نمیگن‬ Tributaries ‫انشعابات‬ Venous valve Classes Pulmonary vein Large vein: diameters>10 mm the venae cavae, pulmonary veins, internal jugular veins, and renal veins. Medium vein: diameters