Health Science 20 Final Exam Review PDF

Health Science 20 Final Exam Review Health and Ethics Multiple Choice Section 1. Know the meaning of the following terms and be able to recognize/explain examples of each: a. Beneficence​​: acting in the best interest of the person ​ Provide benefit ​ Advocating for a patient’s needs b....

Health Science 20 Final Exam Review Health and Ethics Multiple Choice Section 1. Know the meaning of the following terms and be able to recognize/explain examples of each: a. Beneficence​​: acting in the best interest of the person ​ Provide benefit ​ Advocating for a patient’s needs b. Nonmaleficence: the obligation to do no harm ​ Hippocratic Oath ​ Stopping a medication known to be harmful ​c. Informed consent: the person must understand what they’re consenting to, and the risks and benefits of the action ​ When a patients advised by an EMT of the risks associated with refusing care, ensuring the patient’s decision is well informed ​d. Justice: treating all persons with fairness, equality, and impartiality, compatible with the legal statutes ​ Patients diagnosed with cancer are entitled to a range of treatments e. Autonomy​:​ the ability to self-govern ​ Healthcare professionals cannot impose treatments or interventions on patients without their informed consent 2. Be able to describe and provide examples of: a. Western (conventional) Medicine​: focuses on treating symptoms ​ Emphasis on disease and treatment technology ​ Scientifically based, treatments proven effective through scienific research ​ Ex: Drugs, radiation, surgery, vaccines, physical therapy, diagnostic testing b. Alternative Medicine​​: refers to using a non-mainstream approach in place of conventional (western) medicine (replacement for Western medicine) ​ Ex: acupuncture, homeopathy, and herbal remedies c. Complementary Medicine: generally refers to using a non-mainstream approach together with conventional medicine (alongside Western medicine) ​ Ex: someone might use acupuncture to help manage pain while still receiving traditional medical care 3. Patient's Rights in Canada fall into 4 main categories. Know what each of these terms mean. a. Disclosure: the right ot be fully informed of: ​ Their medical condition ​ Treatment options availabe and risks associated with those options ​ ​Qualifications of their healthcare provider b. Privacy: the right to privacy with regards to: ​ Communicating with health professionals = required to keep all information confidential ​ Healthcare records = access to records is restricted to public health services specially for treatment ​c. Access: access to and copies of all personal health records ​ The right to a second opinion with regards to diagnosis and treatment ​d. Consent: the right to accept or reject medical interventions (verbally or written) for consent to be considered valid: ​ Must be voluntary ​ Patient must be legally competent to consent = must be a “mature minor” (SK~16) and mentally stable ​ Patient must be properly informed = healthcare provider must tell you about the nature and consequences of the treatment before you consent it 4. Know the terms associated with clinical trial studies: ​ single blind study: the groups being studied, including the control, are NOT aware of the group in which they are placed; only researchers know ​ double blind study: neither the patients nor the researchers know who is getting a placebo and who is getting treatment ​ randomized trial: a type of expereimental study where people are randomly assigned to either a control or intervention group ​ epidemiological studies: studies on how human populations, which attempt to link human health effects (e.g. cancer) to a cause (e.g. exposure to a sepcific chemical) ​ independent variable: (the cause) is systematically manipulated in a controlled experiment  ​ dependent variable: (the effect) is measured in a controlled experiment ​ control group: not given the treatment (placebo) ​ experimental group: given the treatment ​ Placebo: “I Will Please” in Latin; an inactive substance or procedure used as a control ​ the placebo effect: the measurable, observable, or perceived improvement in a health condition that is not attributable to an actual medicine treatment ​ the nocebo effect: “I Will Harm”; when an inactive treatment causes harm because we believe that it will 5. Be able to apply the terms: informed consent, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence & justice to several case studies/medical scenarios