Health Psychology - PSYC 3170 Lecture Notes PDF

**HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY** **PSYC 3170 (Lecture Notes)** Krista K. Trobst **LECTURE 1 -- Introduction and History of Health Psychology** Thursday, January 9, 2024 **WHAT IS HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY?** - **MAIN FOCUSES OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGISTS --** health promotion and maintenance, prevention and treatm...

**HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY** **PSYC 3170 (Lecture Notes)** Krista K. Trobst **LECTURE 1 -- Introduction and History of Health Psychology** Thursday, January 9, 2024 **WHAT IS HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY?** - **MAIN FOCUSES OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGISTS --** health promotion and maintenance, prevention and treatment of illness, etiology and correlates of health, illness and dysfunction, and studying of the impact of health institutions and health professionals on people's behaviour **health:** a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity **OBJECTIVE VS SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS** 1. 2. **THE WELLNESS/ILLNESS CONTINUUM** **CONTRIBUTIONS OF DIFFERENT FACTORS TO HEALTH** 10% → MEDICAL CARE 20% → GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS 40% → BEHAVIOUR 30% → OTHER FACTORS **HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY ROLES** 1. 2. 3. 4.  **HISTORICALLY BELIEVED CAUSES OF DISEASE** 1. 2. 3. **HISTORIC TREATMENTS OF DISEASE** 1. 2. 3. 4. **EVOLVING VIEW OF DISEASES** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. - - **THE MIND-BODY RELATIONSHIP** 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - **BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF DISEASE** **ADVANTAGES** - - - **CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS** - - - **WHY DO WE NEED THE FIELD OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY?** - - - - - - - - **LECTURE 2 -- The Systems of the Body** Thursday, January 16, 2024 **THE NERVOUS SYSTEM** - 1. 2. 3. 4. - **synapse:** fluid-filled gap between neurons +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM** | | | | 1. | | | | - - | | | | 2. | | | | | | | | a. b. i. | | | | - ii. | | | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **PARTS OF THE BRAIN** 1. - - 2. 3. 4. 5. - - **THE HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN** 1. - 2. - **THE SEGMENTATION OF THE BRAIN** 1. a. b. 2. - 3. a. b. c. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **PARTS OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM** | | | | 1. 2. 3. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **neurotransmitters:** chemicals that [regulate nervous system functioning] **catecholamines:** is released during *high stres*s which [promotes the sympathetic nervous system activity]; includes **epinephrine** and **norepinephrine** **THE SPINAL CORD** - **NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM** | | | | - - - | | | | **PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM** | | | | **THE ADRENAL GLANDS** | | | | - - | | | | 1. 2. | | | | - | | | | 1. 2. | | | | **HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL (HPA) ACTIVATION** | | | | - - - | | | | **THE THYROID GLAND** | | | | - - | | | | **THE PANCREAS** | | | | - - - | | | | **THE PITUITARY GLAND** | | | | - - - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **allostatic load:** the amount of pressure that is on the system, allostatic load determines the maximum amount of stress the system can endure **ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDERS** - 1. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM** | | | | - - - - - - | | | | **PARTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM** | | | | 1. 2. 3. 4. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS** 1. 2. 3. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM** | | | | - - - - | | | | **RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PROCESSES** | | | | - - - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS** 1. 2. 3. 4. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM** | | | | - - - | | | | 1. 2. | | | | **THE HEART** | | | | - - | | | | 1. 2. 3. 4. | | | | - - | | | | **BLOOD PRESSURE (BP)** | | | | - - - | | | | 1. | | | | - - | | | | 2. | | | | - - | | | | 3. | | | | - | | | | 4. | | | | - | | | | 5. | | | | - | | | | | | | | - - - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISORDERS** 1. - 2. - 3. 4. 5. **BLOOD OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **THE IMMUNE SYSTEM** | | | | - - - | | | | | | | | - - | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | - | | | | **PARTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM** | | | | 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a. | | | | - - b. c. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **WHAT IS IMMUNITY?** - - - - **PHAGOCYTES** - **SPECIFIC IMMUNE PROCESSES** 1. - - - - - 2. - - **WHY CAN'T WE FIGHT CANCER?** - - **WHAT CAN IMPAIR IMMUNE FUNCTIONING?** - - - - - **STRESS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM** - - - - **IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS** 1. 2. 3. a. b. c. d. **AUTOIMMUNITY** - -  **LECTURE 3 -- Stress & Stress Moderators** Thursday, January 23, 2024 **STRESS** - - - - - **stressor:** a stressful event such as noise or the commute to work **THEORIES AND MODELS OF STUDYING STRESS** 1. - 2. - 3. - - - 4. a. b. **HOW DOES STRESS AFFECT THE BODY?** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. **PHYSIOLOGICAL RECOVERY PROCESSES** - - - **DIMENSIONS OF STRESSFUL EVENTS** 1. 2. 3. 4. For an event to be stressful, we must [perceive the event as stressful]. Subjective and objective measures of stress *predict psychological distress and health problems*. **ADAPTING TO STRESS** 1. - 2. - **FACTORS OF A STRESSFUL EVENT** 1. - 2. - **HOW CAN STRESS BE ASSESSED?** 1. a. - b. - 2. a. - - b. **SOURCES OF CHRONIC STRESS** - - 1. - - 2. 3. - - - - - 4. - - - - **MODERATORS OF THE STRESS EXPERIENCE** - - - **coping:** thoughts and behaviours used to [manage the internal and external demands of situations] that are appraised as stressful **negative affectivity:** a pervasive [negative mood marked by anxiety, depression, and hostility] - - **perfectionism:** the *setting of and preoccupation with excessively high standards* accompanied by [self-criticism] **COPING RESOURCES** - - - - - - **BELIEFS ABOUT ONESELF AND CONTROL** 1. - - 2. a. b. **TRAITS OF THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY** 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - 4. - - - 5. - - **DIFFERENCES IN COPING STYLES** A person\'s [coping style] can lead to a general propensity to deal with stressful events in a particular way; this originates in *genes and through personal experience.* 1. 2. 3. People who are able to shift coping strategies to meet the demands of a situation cope better with stress than those who do not. **rumination:** negative thoughts focused on a stressor (detrimental to health) **EXTERNAL COPING RESOURCES** - **FIVE MAIN TASKS OF COPING EFFORTS** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **WHAT ARE COPING OUTCOMES?** - - - **HOW DOES SOCIAL SUPPORT AFFECT STRESS?** - - **social support:** knowing that [one is loved and cared for esteemed/valued and part of a network of communication] and mutual obligations - **THE INTERPERSONAL CIRCUMPLEX** 1. - - 2. - - **DOES SOCIAL SUPPORT AFFECT STRESS?** 1. - - 2. - - **HOW IS SOCIAL SUPPORT MODERATED?** 1. 2. **EFFECTIVE MEANS OF SUPPORT** - - - **MINDFULNESS TRAINING** **-- MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION (MBSR)** - **DISCLOSURE AND COPING** 1. - - 2.