Health Promotion Model PDF - Nursing and Healthcare

HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL ASSUMPTIONS OF THE HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Introduction The HPM is based on the following  The health promotion model (...

HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL ASSUMPTIONS OF THE HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Introduction The HPM is based on the following  The health promotion model (HM) assumptions, which reflect behavioral science proposed by Nola J Pender (1982; perspectives: revised, 1996) was designed to be a "complementary counterpart to models 1. Persons seek to create conditions of of health protection.” living through which they can express  It defines health as a positive dynamic their unique human health potential state not merely the absence of 2. Persons have the capacity for disease. reflective self-awareness, including  Health promotion is directed at assessment of their own competencies. increasing a client's level of wellbeing. 3. Persons value growth in directions  The health promotion model describes viewed as positive and attempts to the multi dimensional nature of achieve a personally acceptable persons as they interact within their balance between change and stability. environment to pursue health. 4. Individual seek to actively regulate  The model focuses on following three their own behavior areas: 5. Individuals in all their biopsychosocial - Individual characteristics and complexity interact with the experiences environment, progressively - Behavior-specific cognitions and transforming the environment and affect being transformed over time. - Behavioral outcomes 6. Health professionals constitute a part of the interpersonal environment, The health promotion model notes that which exerts influence on persons each person has unique personal throughout their lifespan. characteristics and experiences that affect 7. Self-initiated reconfiguration of subsequent actions. person-environment interactive patterns is essential to behavior  The set of variables for behavioral change. specific knowledge and affect have important motivational significance. THE MAJOR CONCEPTS AND  Health promoting behaviors should DEFINITIONS OF THE HEALTH result in improved health, enhanced PROMOTION MODEL functional ability and better quality of life at all stages of development. Individual Characteristics and  The final behavioral demand is also Experience influenced by the immediate PRIOR RELATED BEHAVIOR competing demand and preferences, which can derail an intended health Frequency of the similar behavior in the promoting actions. past. Direct and effects on the likelihood of engaging in health promoting behaviors. PERSONAL FACTORS Personal factors categorized as biological, psychological and socio-cultural. These factors are predictive of a given behavior and shaped by the nature of the target behavior being considered. PERSONAL BIOLOGICAL FACTORS INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCES Include variable such as age gender body mass Cognition concerning behaviors, beliefs, or index pubertal status, aerobic capacity, attitudes of the others. Interpersonal influences strength, agility, or balance. include: norms (expectations of significant others), social support (instrumental and Include variables such as self esteem, self emotional encouragement) and modelling motivation, personal competence, perceived (vicarious learning through observing others health status and definition of health. engaged in a particular behaviour). Primary PERSONAL SOCIO-CULTURAL sources of interpersonal influences are families, FACTORS peers, and healthcare providers. Include variables such as race ethnicity, culture, education and socioeconomic status. SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES Behavioral Specific Cognition and Affect Personal perceptions and cognitions of any given situation or context that can facilitate or BEHAVIORAL SPECIFIC COGNITION impede behavior. Include perceptions of AND AFFECT options available, demand characteristics and aesthetic features of the environment in which  PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF given health promoting is proposed to take ACTION place. Situational influences may nave direct or  Anticipated positive outcomes that indirect influences on health behavior. will occur from health behavior. Behavioral Outcome  PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ACTION 1. COMMITMENT TO PLAN OF  Anticipated, imagined or real blocks ACTION and personal costs of understanding a - The concept of intention and given behavior identification of a planned strategic implementation of health behavior.  PERCEIVED SELF EFFICACY  Judgment of personal capability to 2. IMMEDIATE COMPETING organize and execute a health- DEMANDS AND PREFERENCES promoting behavior. Perceived self - Competing demands are those efficacy influences perceived barriers alternative behavior over which to action so higher efficacy result in individuals have low control because lowered perceptions of barriers to the there are environmental contingencies performance of the behavior. such as work or family care ACTIVITY RELATED AFFECT responsibilities. Competing preferences are alternative behavior Subjective positive or negative feeling that over which individuals exert relatively occur before, during and following behavior high control, such as choice of ice based on the stimulus properties of the behavior cream or apple for a snack. itself. Activity-related affect influences 3. HEALTH PROMOTING perceived self-efficacy, which means the more BEHAVIOUR positive the subjective feeling, the greater the - Endpoint or action outcome directed feeling of efficacy. In turn, increased feelings toward attaining positive health of efficacy can generate further positive affect. outcome such as optimal well-being, personal fulfillment, and productive living.