Health Information on Internet - University of Rwanda - PDF

College Collegeof ofMedicine Medicineand andHealth HealthSciences Sciences Health Information on Internet  College of Medicine and Health Sciences...

College Collegeof ofMedicine Medicineand andHealth HealthSciences Sciences Health Information on Internet  College of Medicine and Health Sciences OBJECTIVES Understand the health information process Learn how to access online health information Identify useful online health information providers  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Health information process Information=processed data – Relevant: it’s up to the reader to only consider the needed info – Reliable: verified  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Structure of health information see the three words “article,” “journal,” and “database.” How do they relate to each other, and how do they relate to searching for sources ? When you type something into the search box on the libraries’ home page, – you’re searching across several databases, including the libraries’ catalog of books, e-books, films, and other materials – Each database is a collection of sources - which may include: books, films, government documents, articles, and lots of other types of sources.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Journal Databa Articles (written by s (verify se authors) then (repository publish) ) Article 1 Journal Article X 2 Databa se Article Journal N Y  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Information process Writing Review Publication Reading Author Journal Publisher Author Conferen Journal ce itself Editor (for books) Putting Check the Publisher Getting ideas written library ideas together article … Accept/ Reject  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Evaluating quality of information from Internet  Authors: Who are they, what are their qualifications, who do they work for?  How to identify authors?  Online search  Refer to their respective accounts (ORCID, Google scholar id,…)  Publisher: who is the publisher, what is the nature of the organisation, ‘about us’?  Accuracy: is it accurate and complete, are there relevant warnings? Bias (influence ): is there any opinion, or facts commercial entities?  Currency: date on page, updated, date of publications, functional links?  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Accessing health related articles Contents: – Available academic databases – Way of accessing articles  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Available academic databases There are some freely available academic databases which anyone in the world can use Microsoft Academic The Lens (a very comprehensive open database of scholarly works and also patent documents) Dimensions (a relatively new scholarly search database which has some useful analytics tools and is free for personal use) PubMed is another popular free database that indexes high quality journals in the health and life sciences. Medical researchers tend to use PubMed as a first-line resource, regardless of the availability of other databases → ->->More details on available databases, in coming slides  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Accessing articles a) Free access – Open access Open access papers can usually be accessed without any authentication or sign-in procedures You are able to read the full text of the paper because it has been published in an open access journal, or this specific paper is available in open access format.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Accessing articles a) Free access - Authenticated user The paper has been published in a subscription journal, and you have access to this journal through your institution or through an access initiative – Importantly, you are also signed in with the right credentials. - Author-archived copy You can access an archived copy of the paper on the author's personal website or elsewhere (for example, on a research sharing platform such as Mendeley, academia.edu, or ResearchGate).  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Accessing articles b) Payed access Read the paper after having payed a certain amount usually 10 to 20 USD – What if you don’t have fund? speak with a librarian at my institution to find out if I need to use any kind of authentication to access that particular journal If I'm sure that my institution does not have access to that journal, I could write to the corresponding author of that paper to request the full text use Unpaywall to see if there is an open access version of the full text of the paper  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Unpaywall website Unpaywall, it is a browser extension that will automatically point out full text or open access versions of research papers if they are available anywhere on the internet – A browser extension is something like a plug-in for your browser that adds certain functions and features to it. Extensions can modify the user interface or add some Web service functionality to your browser Nowadays it is widely used by researchers around the world. To learn more, visit the College of Medicine and Health Sciences College of Medicine and Health Sciences  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sources of health information Contents: – Search engines – Portals – Free databases and journals – Organizations  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sources of health information Search engines A search engine is a software system that is designed to carry out web searches (Internet searches) ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine) Google: http://www.google.com  Google Scholar: http://scholar.google.com/ Google search for ‘malaria’ About 72,000,000 results Google Scholar search for ‘malaria’ About 2,020,000 results  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sources of health information Portals Collections of links to websites, usually arranged by subject Diseases, Disorder and Related Topics gateway at https://www.questia.com/library/science-and-tec hnology/health-and-medicine/diseases-and-diso rders General health topics https://www.who.int/health-topics  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sources of health information Free databases and journals PubMed (biomedical information - over 16 million items) at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ HighWire Press at http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/freeart.dt l Popline (health) at http://www.popline.org/ ERIC (education) at http://www.eric.ed.gov/  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sources of health information Useful organizations United Nations at http://www.un.org/ World Health Organisation: Research Tools at http://www.who.int/research/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at http://www.cdc.gov/ National Library of Medicine at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sources of health information HINARI The HINARI name began as an acronym of Health Inter-Network Access to Research Initiative HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme was set up by the World Health Organization and major publishers to enable developing countries to access collections of biomedical and health literature. World Health Organization http://www.who.int/hinari Password access to health information – full text journal articles, reports, reference materials  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Common health information databases HINARI National Library of Medicine (USA)  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Login to Hinari  College of Medicine and Health Sciences User name: RWAR4L114 Password: Diantly56 College of Medicine and Health Sciences  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Searching from HINARI HINARI is not only for health information – If you click advanced search, you will fine more disciplines available  College of Medicine and Health Sciences HINARI’Search options  College of Medicine and Health Sciences The National Library of Medicine The world’s largest biomedical library Part of the National Institutes of Health (USA) 2  College of Medicine and Health Sciences NLM Databases Covered MEDICAL DATABASES ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND MedlinePlus TOXICOLOGY DATABASES MEDLINE/PubMed Household Products ClinicalTrials.gov Haz-Map AIDSinfo HSDB DIRLINE TRI TOXMAP OTHER NLM DATABASES ADDITIONAL RESOURCE NLM Gateway Tox Town – Interactive Guide 2  College of Medicine and Health Sciences PubMed Basics  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Overview PubMed's scope and content Connecting to PubMed through HINARI Navigating and searching PubMed Accessing full-text articles from PubMed Changing the display of PubMed search results Saving, printing and e-mail options  College of Medicine and Health Sciences PubMed Scope and Content www.pubmed.gov PubMed is a database that offers free access to MEDLINE, the largest database in the field of biomedical and life sciences. More than 22 million citations and abstracts for biomedical literature from more than 5,500 journals. Every year 750,000 new references are added. Citations date back to the 1950s. Mainly articles in English, but also articles in about 50 other languages are indexed.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences PubMed Directly – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Searching from PubMed  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Exercise 1 Open PubMed search for articles that can provide you the information about malaria prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa Only consider articles that have been published within 3 years back How many articles are available?  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Exercise 2 In Hinari, search for malaria AND pregnancy. Select 5 of your results by placing a check mark in the check box next to them Go to the Send to drop down menu and select Clipboard. Next click on Add to Clipboard Your items will be transferred to the clipboard. When you return to the search, note the red Item in clipboard message for each checked citation. To view the Clipboard contents or to remove items from the clipboard, click on the Clipboard link that you find in the top right corner.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences On the PubMed homepage you find the PubMed Search Box, as well as links to the Advanced Search and Help pages. From the PubMed homepage you can also access the MeSH Database. This option will be explained later during the course. You can always return to the PubMed homepage by clicking on the PubMed logo  College of Medicine and Health Sciences The bottom part of the PubMed homepage that is displayed here contains hypertext links to numerous databases and tools produced by the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Note the Bookshelf option that gives you access to numerous full text e-books. College of Medicine and Health Sciences The Search box on PubMed is active. Place your search statement in the box. In this example, we enter a search for malaria treatment AND africa into the Search or query box. To execute the query, click on the Search button.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Results of the search are displayed in the main body of the page in Summary Format, 20 Items per Page and Recently Added Sort by options. This is the default display setting when you complete a search. Note the two additional filters for Free Full Text and HINARI articles. Of the 7917 articles, 3752 are available via the HINARI filter and 2989 with Free Full Text filter ( there are some overlaps). College of Medicine and Health Sciences To view a record in Abstract format, click on the article title.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences From the Abstract display, click on the hypertext link to the publisher’s website and the full text article. For HINARI articles, there will be HINARI icons and links.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences You now have access to the full text article from the Malaria Journal.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences We now will set the Display Settings drop down menu for the Abstract Format, 20 Items per Page and Recently Added Sort by options. To activate these options, click on the Apply box. Setting the listing of citations to a higher number, e.g. 200 can be useful in low- bandwidth situations.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Note the Abstract Format with 20 Items per page and the Recently Added Sort by options are displayed in the Display Settings line above the abstract. Note the Free Full Text and HINARI Filters. We now will click on the HINARI link. College of Medicine and Health Sciences After clicking on the HINARI filter in the Abstract display, a list of all the HINARI articles appears with the HINARI icon. By clicking on this icon, the full-text article will display. The Free Full Text filter will work in the same way. Note that some articles will have both the HINARI and Free Full Text icons in the Abstract display.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences We have accessed the full-text article using the HINARI icon from the Abstract display. Note that you can download the article as a PDF file or print the document. Remember, you must be properly signed into HINARI to get access to most of the full-text articles. College of Medicine and Health Sciences At the bottom of each citation in Abstract format , information about the Publication Types, MeSH Terms and Grant Support can be displayed. Click on the drop down menu to view this information.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Exercise 3 Repeat the search for malaria AND pregnancy. Click on the HINARI filter to select only those articles that are available through HINARI. View the Abstract of one of the selected articles by clicking on the title. Next, click on the HINARI icon to open the full- text article. – In which format(s) is the article available? In which journal has the selected article been published?  College of Medicine and Health Sciences We now view the Display Settings drop down menu for the Medline Format, 20 Items per Page and Recently Added Sort by options. To display click on the Apply box.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Note the listing of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms in the MEDLINE option. These MeSH terms are assigned by the National Library of Medicine for the indexing in PubMed. The terms can be used to make searches broader or more precise.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences From the Send To drop down menu, you can select the File, Collections, Order, Clipboard, E-mail and My Bibliography and Citation Manager options. College of Medicine and Health Sciences You must place check marks in the boxes to the left of the citations that you wish to send to File, Collections, Order, Clipboard and E-mail options. If you do not place check marks in the boxes, the entire search will be sent to the option you choose. Note how PubMed lists the # of citations you have checked.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences From the Send To drop down menu, we will click on Create File, with the Abstract and Recently Added options. This will be a.txt file to be downloaded from your Web Browser.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences The pubmed_results has displayed as a.txt file in NotePad. You can save this file to the C:/ drive or a flash drive or a CD- Rom. Once saved, you can print the document.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences From the Send To drop down menu, we have selected to send a citations to the Clipboard option. The Clipboard gives you a place to collect selected citations from one or several searches. Note that the Clipboard items will be lost after 8 hours of inactivity on PubMed. In this example, 5 checked items will be sent to the Clipboard.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences In case we have not checked the boxes in any of the citations, the first 500 items will be added to the Clipboard.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences In the Display Settings, an Item in clipboard message is noted for all the items you have selected. Also note the number of records that has been sent to the Clipboard.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences To remove items from the Clipboard, click on Clipboard. The PubMed search will re-appear and, using the hypertext links, you can Remove all items or Remove from clipboard individual citations. In this case, we will Remove all items.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Returning to the PubMed homepage, we will briefly discuss the various training resources listed in the Using PubMed box. Note that the resources range from a Quick Start Guide to FAQs and numerous PubMed Tutorials. Remember that these resources are for general PubMed, not PubMed/HINARI.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences We have accessed the PubMed Online Training page. There is a link to an extensive PubMed Tutorial and numerous Quick (animated) Tours on Searching PubMed, Managing Results, MeSH and My NCBI.  College of Medicine and Health Sciences Exercise 4 Suppose that you want to read this paper: “Time-series data analysis of blood-sugar level of a diabetic in relationship to lifestyle events” Identify different sources from where you can you find it – Is there any database where you have to pay for accessing that article?