Head, Neck & Spine Anatomy PDF

CH 7.3-7.5 HEAD, NECK & SPINE MS. LOPEZ A&P HON  DIVISIONS OF THE SKULL CRANIUM 2 PARIETAL FACIAL BONES 2 TEMPORAL ZYGOMATIC FRONTAL MAXILLA OCCIPITAL MANDIBLE SPHENOID NASAL ETHMOID...

CH 7.3-7.5 HEAD, NECK & SPINE MS. LOPEZ A&P HON  DIVISIONS OF THE SKULL CRANIUM 2 PARIETAL FACIAL BONES 2 TEMPORAL ZYGOMATIC FRONTAL MAXILLA OCCIPITAL MANDIBLE SPHENOID NASAL ETHMOID LACRIMAL  PARIETAL BONES (2) FORM THE SUPERIOR AND LATERAL SIDE OF SKULL PAIRED BONES (RIGHT/LEFT) THEY FUSE TOGETHER AT THE SAGITTAL SUTURE FUSES WITH THE FRONTAL BONE AT THE CORONAL SUTURE FUSES WITH THE TEMPORAL BONES INFERIORLY AT THE SQUAMOUS SUTURE FUSES WITH THE OCCIPITAL BONE POSTERIORLY AT THE LAMBDOID SUTURE  TEMPORAL BONES (2) FORM THE LOWER LATERAL SIDE OF SKULL PAIRED BONES (RIGHT/LEFT) THEY NOT FUSE TOGETHER FUSES WITH THE SPHENOID BONE AT THE SQUAMOUS SUTURE FUSES WITH THE OCCIPITAL BONE POSTERIORLY AT THE LAMBDOID SUTURE FUSES WITH THE ZYGOMATIC BONE FORMING THE ZYGOMATIC PROCESS (CHEEK BONE) TEMPORAL FOSSA - SHALLOW INTENTATION ABOVE ZYGOMATIC PROCESS MASTOID PROCESS - MAJOR ATTACHMENT POINT FOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND JAW  FRONTAL BONE FORM THE ANTERIOR SIDE OF SKULL (THE FOREHEAD) FUSES WITH THE PARIETAL BONES, SPHENOID AND ETHMOID BONES AT THE CORONAL SUTURE FORMS THE SUPRAORBITAL MARGIN - (ROUNDED BROW RIDGES THAT ARE GENERALLY LARGER IN MALES)  OCCIPITAL BONE FORM THE BASE AND POSTERIOR SIDE OF SKULL FUSES WITH THE PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL BONES AT THE LAMBDOID SUTURE FORAMEN MAGNUM - ALLOWS FOR PASSAGE OF THE SPINAL CORD EXITING THE SKULL OCCIPITAL CONDYLE - ON EITHER SIDE OF THE FORAMEN MAGNUM; FORM JOINTS WITH THE C1 VERTEBRAE; ALLOWING US TO NOD OUR HEADS “YES  SPHENOID BONE HIGHLY COMPLEX BONE OF THE CENTRAL SKULL CONNECTS WITH NEARLY EVERY BONE OF THE CRANIUM EXTENDS LATERALLY TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE SIDES OF THE SKULL (ANTERIOR TO THE TEMPORAL FOSSA) RESEMBLES A FLYING BIRD OR A BUTTERFLY OPTICAL CANAL - SUPPLIES PASSAGE FOR THE OPTIC NERVE TO THE ORBIT  ETHMOID BONE LOCATED AT MIDLINE WITHIN THE CENTRAL SKULL CRISTA GALLI - UPWARD PROJECTION PERPENDICULAR PLATE - DOWNWARD PROJECTION BOTH THE C.G AND P.P FPR THE NASAL SEPTUM (DIVISION BETWEEN BOTH NOSTRILS) FORMS THE UPPER PART OF THE NASAL CAVITY CONTRIBUTES TO THE MEDIAL WALL OF THE ORBIT  STARBUCKS MODE COMPLETE THE SKULL DIAGRAM: COLOR AND LABEL EACH OF THE BONES OF THE CRANIUM (8 INCLUDING PAIRED R/L PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL) LABEL AND CIRCLE EACH OF THE IMPORTANT BONY LANDMARKS DISCUSSED IN CLASS ( 9 TOTAL) COLOR AND LABEL EACH OF THE SUTURE LINES DISCUSSED IN CLASS (4 TOTAL) USE A STRAIGHT EDGE TO DRAW NEAT LINES FOR STRUCTURES IN TIGHT SPACES & TURN IN BEFORE EOC  A BUNCH OF LIGAMENTS! SUTURES AN IMMOBILE JOINT BETWEEN ADJACENT BONES OF THE SKULL INTERLOCKING JOINTS CREATE STRENGTH FOR PROTECTION DENSE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE  CORONAL & SAGITTAL SUTURE CORONAL SUTURE RUNS SIDE TO SIDE AT THE TOP OF THE HEAD JOINS THE FRONTAL BONE TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT PARIETAL BONES SAGITTAL SUTURES RUNS FRONT TO BACK AT THE TOP OF THE HEAD UNITES THE RIGHT AND LEFT PARIETAL BONES CONNECTED AT THE BREGMA  LAMBDOID & SQUAMOUS SUTURE LAMBDOID SUTURE IS LOCATED ON THE POSTERIOR SIDE OF THE SKULL CONNECTS THE OCCIPITAL BONE TO THE PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL BONES SQUAMOUS SUTURES ARE LOCATED ON THE LATERAL SIDES OF THE SKULL CONNECTS THE TEMPORAL BONES THE THE PARIETAL AND SPHENOID BONES  OTHER SUTURE FACTS THE SAGITTAL AND LAMBDOID SUTURES JOIN TOGETHER AT THE LAMBDA THE PTERION (A CAPITAL H SHAPED INTERSECTION) UNITES THE SPHENOID, TEMPORAL, PARIETAL AND FRONTAL BONES THE WEAKEST PART OF THE SKULL!  CRANIAL CAVITY HOUSES THE BRAIN INSIDE THE SKULL (INTERIOR SPACE) THE CALVARIA IS THE “SKULL CAP”OR THE TOP HALF OF THE SKULL THE BASE OF THE SKULL IS REFERRED TO AS THE CRANIAL FLOOR - THE CRANIAL NERVES, SPINAL CORD AND BLOOD VESSELS PASS THROUGH HERE 3 LARGE SPACES (“FOSSA”= TRENCH/DITCH); THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA THE SIZE OF THE FOSSA DEPENS ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR & THE SIZE OF THE BRAIN REGION  STARBUCKS MODE CONTINUE THE SKULL DIAGRAM: CIRCLE AND LABEL EACH OF THE SUTURE INTERSECTIONS (LAMBDA, BREGMA, PTERION) LABEL EACH OF THE CRANIAL FOSSA (ON THE BACK DIAGRAM) FINISH ANY PARTS YOU HAVE NOT COMPLETED YET USE A STRAIGHT EDGE TO DRAW NEAT LINES FOR STRUCTURES IN TIGHT SPACES  MAXILLA FORMS THE UPPER JAW ALVEOLAR PROCESS - THE INFERIOR MARGIN HOUSES THE TEETH EACH TOOTH IS ANCHORED IN AN INDIVIDUAL ALVEOLUS CONTRIBUTES TO THE FLOOR OF THE ORBIT AND THE HARD PALATE  MANDIBLE FORMS THE LOWER JAW & THE ONLY MOVEABLE BONE OF THE SKULL ALVEOLAR PROCESS - THE UPPER BOARDER OF THE MANDIBLE AND ATTACHMENT POINT FOR THE TEETH MANDIBULAR CONDYLE - A SET OF CONDYLES “U-SHAPED” CONNECTS TO THE TEMPORAL BONE FORMING THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT  ZYGOMATIC THE CHEEK BONE MAKES UP MOST OF THE LATERAL AND INFERIOR MARGINS OF THE ORBIT ZYGOMATIC PROCESS (TEMPORAL BONE CONNECTION)  NASAL 2 ARTICULATING BONES THAT FORM THE “BRIDGE” OF THE NOSE SUPPORTS THE CARTILAGE OF THE NOSE  LACRIMAL SMALL, RECTANGULAR BONE CONTRIBUTING THE THE MEDIAL ASPECT OF THE ORBIT THE “TEAR DUCT” BONE NASOLACRIMAL CANAL - WHERE THE LACRIMAL FLUID “TEAR” FLOW THROUGH  STARBUCKS MODE CONTINUE THE SKULL DIAGRAM: LABEL AND COLOR EACH OF THE FACIAL BONES FINISH ANY PARTS YOU HAVE NOT COMPLETED YET USE A STRAIGHT EDGE TO DRAW NEAT LINES FOR STRUCTURES IN TIGHT SPACES TURN IN BEFORE END OF CLASS  SKULL ANATOMY QUIZ! LAST MINUTE STUDY FOR YOUR QUIZ (15 MIN)  VERTEBRAL COLUMN A sequence of vertebrae made up of 5 regions Cervical (C1-C7) Thoracic (T1-T12) Lumbar (L1-L5) Sacrum (S1-S5 FUSED) Coccyx (3-5 fused vertebrae) 24 vertebrae by adulthood including the fused sacral and coccygeal vertebrae Vertebra (singular)  CURVATURE OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN The vertebral column consists of 4 alternating curvatures Curvatures increase the spines strength, flexibility and ability to absorb shock Thoracic Curve + Sacrococcygeal Curve: concave anteriorly Cervical Curve + Lumbar Curve: concave posteriorly  CURVATURE OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN Primary and Secondary Curvatures of the Vertebral Column Primary Curvature: curvature that is retained from original fetal curvature As a fetus the entire vertebral column is concaved anteriorly Thoracic + Sacrococcygeal Secondary Curvature: developed after brith Develops gradually after birth by learning activities such as sitting up, walking, standing Cervical + Lumbar  CURVATURE OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN (DISORDERS) Disorders of the Curvature of the Vertebral Column Kyphosis: excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine Commonly caused by osteoporosis causing the vertebrae to collapse Lordosis: excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine Commonly associated with pregnancy or obesity Increase pressure on lumbar structures such as disks or nerves Scoliosis: an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, accompanied by rotation Cause is usually unknown, growth anomalies, back braces usually recommended for children as groth spurs exacerbate scoliosis; in extreme cases surgery may be required  STARBUCKS MODE BEGIN THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN LABELING SHEET LABEL AND COLOR EACH OF THE COLUMN REGIONS IN SEPARATE COLORS (FOR EXAMPLE: ALL OF THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE IN BLUE) LABEL EACH INDIVIDUAL VERTEBRA LABEL EACH OF THE 4 CURVATURES LABEL WHICH REGIONS ARE PRIMARY OR SECONDARY UNDERNEATH THE CURVATURE LABEL USE A STRAIGHT EDGE TO DRAW NEAT LINES FOR STRUCTURES IN TIGHT SPACES KEEP FOR NEXT CLASS