Head and Neck Anatomy PDF

Innervation of Head and Neck An Overview The head and neck is supplied largely by the cranial nerves Glands have autonomic innervation which have: ○ PNS roots from cranial nerves ○ SNS roots from the thoracic region → they feed into the sympathetic chain → exit via T1 sup...

Innervation of Head and Neck An Overview The head and neck is supplied largely by the cranial nerves Glands have autonomic innervation which have: ○ PNS roots from cranial nerves ○ SNS roots from the thoracic region → they feed into the sympathetic chain → exit via T1 superior cervical ganglion → travel on plexuses on blood vessels to reach their destination The cervical plexus (C1-5) supplies some cutaneous and muscular innervation to the neck More details on cranial nerves in Elina’s slides on cranial nerves, and more details on cervical plexus in Neck section  Cranial Nerve Summary 12 cranial nerves usually represented by roman Formen CN Other numerals S = sensory, M = motor, B = both: some say money Cribriform Plate 1 matters but my brother says big brains matter more Optic canal 2 Ophthalmic a. Anterior view: Superior orbital fissure 3, 4, 5(1), 6 Sup ophthalmic v. Foramen rotundum 5(2) Foramen ovale 5(3) Foramen spinosum Middle meningeal a./v. Carotid canal Internal carotid a. Internal acoustic meatus 7, 8 Jugular foramen 9, 10, 11 Inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinus → IJV Hypoglossal canal 12 Foramen magnum Medulla oblongata, meninges, vertebral a. Cranial Nerve Summary  Autonomics Autonomics supply the glands (salivary, mucous, lacrimal etc) of the head and neck. Parasympathetics arise from cranial nerves: 3, 7, 9 (and 10 to rest of body) and distribute along branches of trigeminal [V] Sympathetics mostly arise from T1-6 sympathetic chain → T1 superior cervical ganglion and travel along the internal carotid artery  Cervical Plexus In the Posterior Triangle of the neck Cutaneous Branches Anterior rami (curls around SCM) Posterior rami Lesser occipital (C2) Greater occipital (C2) Great auricular (C2-3) Dorsal rami of C3, 4, 5 Transverse cervical (C2-3) Supraclavicular (C3-4) Muscular Branches C1 (travels w/ hypoglossal n) Suprahyoids Ansa Cervicalis (C1-3) Straps (sternohyoid, sternothyroid), omohyoid Phrenic (C3-5) Diaphragm and pericardium Segmental branches (C1-4) Anterior/middle scalenes Other branches Other cervical muscles Cervical Plexus