HCI-Week-1.ppt

HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION 2 EMERGING TRENDS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND APPLICATIONS Engr.Zyrix Ryan U. Fagela.MIT,CcpE.  Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications learning outcomes LO1 Summarize new trends in software and service distr...

HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION 2 EMERGING TRENDS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND APPLICATIONS Engr.Zyrix Ryan U. Fagela.MIT,CcpE.  Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications learning outcomes LO1 Summarize new trends in software and service distribution. LO2 Describe virtual reality components and applications. LO3 Discuss uses of radio frequency identification. LO4 Summarize new uses of biometrics. LO5 Explain new trends in networking, including wireless technologies and grid and cloud computing.  Emerging Trends, Technologies, and Applications l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s (cont’d.) LO6 Discuss uses of nanotechnology. Trends in Software and Service Distribution Recent trends in software and service distribution include: Pull and push technologies Application service providers Pull and Push Technologies Pull technology User states a need before getting information Entering a URL in a Web browser to go to a certain Web site Push technology (Webcasting) Web server delivers information to users who have signed up for this service Supported by many Web browsers Also available from vendors Delivers content to users automatically at set intervals or when a new event occurs Pull and Push Technologies (cont’d.) Examples of push technology: “A newer version of Adobe Flash is available. Would you like to install it?” Research In Motion (RIM) offers a new BlackBerry push API Microsoft Direct Push from AT&T Application Service Providers Application service providers (ASPs) Provide access to software or services for a fee Software as a service (SaaS), or on-demand software Model for ASPs to deliver software to users for a fee Software might be for temporary or long-term use Users don’t need to be concerned with new software versions and compatibility problems Application Service Providers (cont’d.) Users can also save all application data on the ASP’s server Software and data are portable The SaaS model can take several forms: Software services for general use Offering a specific service Offering a service in a vertical market Application Service Providers (cont’d.) Advantages: Similar to outsourcing Less expensive Delivering information more quickly Other advantages and disadvantages Vendors: Google, NetSuite, Inc., and Salesforce.com Virtual Reality Goal of virtual reality (VR): Create an environment in which users can interact and participate as they do in the real world VR technology Uses computer-generated, three-dimensional images to create the illusion of interaction in a real-world environment Virtual Reality (cont’d.) VR terms: Simulation Interaction Immersion Telepresence Full-body immersion Networked communication Types of Virtual Environments Egocentric environment User is totally immersed in the VR world Most common technology used with this environment is a head-mounted display (HMD) Exocentric environment Data is still rendered in 3-D Users can only view it onscreen Main technology used in this environment is 3-D graphics Exhibit 14.1 Egocentric VR Technologies Components of a Virtual Reality System Visual and aural systems Manual control for navigation Central coordinating processor and software system Walker Exhibit 14.2 VR Components CAVE Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) Virtual environment consisting of a cube-shaped room in which the walls are rear-projection screens CAVEs Holographic devices that create, capture, and display images in true 3-D form CAVE (cont’d.) People can enter CAVEs in other locations No matter how far away they are geographically High-speed digital cameras capture one user’s presence and movements Then re-create and send these images to users in other CAVEs Used for research in many fields: Archaeology, architecture, engineering, geology, and physics Exhibit 14.3 An Example of a CAVE Virtual Reality Applications Military flight simulations Medicine for “bloodless” surgery Entertainment industry Will one day be used for user interfaces in information systems Current applications: Applications for the disabled Architectural design Virtual Reality Applications (cont’d.) Education Flight simulation Videoconferencing Group support systems Obstacles in Using VR Systems Not enough fiber-optic cables are currently available for a VR environment capable of re- creating a conference Problems must be solved: Confusion between the VR environment and the real environment Mobility and other problems with HMDs Sound representation Additional computing power Virtual Worlds Simulated environment designed for users to interact via avatars Avatar 2-D or 3-D graphical representation of a person in the virtual world Used in chat rooms and online games Gartner Group predicts that 80% of active Internet users will interact in virtual worlds by 2011 Virtual Worlds (cont’d.) With avatars, users can: Manipulate objects Experience a limited telepresence Communicate using text, graphical icons, and sound Virtual Worlds (cont’d.) Widely used virtual worlds: Active Worlds Club Penguin EGO Entropia Universe Habbo Runescape Second Life Virtual Worlds in Action Second Life Several million members from all over the world Some companies use Second Life to establish or enhance their image, generate sales leads, and increase sales Some experts believe that groups work together better in virtual worlds than in face-to-face meetings and teleconferences Radio Frequency Identification: An Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag Overview Small electronic device consisting of a small chip and an antenna Provides a unique identification for the card or the object carrying the tag Don’t have to be in contact with the scanner to be read Can be read from a distance of about 20 feet Radio Frequency Identification: Two types of RFID tags: An Overview Passive No battery (cont’d.) Best ones have about 10 years of battery life Active Usually more reliable than passive tags Technical problems and issues of privacy and security Table 14.1 RFID Applications RFID Applications Category Examples Tracking and identification Railway cars and shipping containers, livestock and pets, supply-chain management (tracking merchandise from manufacturers to retailers to customers), inventory control, retail checkout and POS systems, recycling and waste disposal Payment and stored-value systems Electronic toll systems, contactless credit cards (require no swiping), subway and bus passes, casino tokens, concert tickets Access control Building access cards, ski-lift passes, car ignition systems Anticounterfeiting Casino tokens, high-denomination currency notes, luxury goods, prescription drugs Health care Tracking medical tools and patients (particularly newborns and patients with Alzheimer’s), process control, monitoring patient data Biometrics: A Second Look Current and future applications of biometrics: ATM, credit, and debit cards Network and computer login security Web page security Voting Employee time clocks Airport security and fast check-in Passports and highly secured government ID cards Sporting events Cell phones and smart cards Trends in Networking Recent trends in networking technologies Many are already used in many organizations Wireless technologies and grid computing Newer but attracting a lot of attention: WiMAX and cloud computing Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Broadband wireless technology Based on the 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n standards Information can be transmitted over short distances In the form of radio waves Connect via: Computers, mobile phones and smart phones, MP3 players, PDAs, and game consoles Wi-Fi hotspots WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) Broadband wireless technology Based on the IEEE 802.16 standards Designed for wireless metropolitan area networks Theoretically has faster data transfer rates and a longer range than Wi-Fi Disadvantages: Interference from other wireless devices, high costs, and interruptions from weather conditions Bluetooth Can be used to create a personal area network (PAN) Wireless technology for transferring data over short distances Specifications are developed and licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group Uses a radio technology called Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Bluetooth (cont’d.) Used to connect devices such as: Computers, global positioning systems (GPSs), mobile phones, laptops, printers, and digital cameras No line-of-sight limitations Limited transfer rate Grid Computing Connecting different computers to combine their processing power to solve a particular problem “Node” Each participant in a grid Processing on overused nodes can be switched to idle servers and even desktop systems Advantages: Improved reliability Parallel processing nature Scalability Utility (On-Demand) Computing Similar to the SaaS model Provides IT services on demand Users pay for computing or storage resources on an as-needed basis Main advantages Convenience and cost savings Drawbacks Privacy and security Cloud Computing Platform incorporating many recent technologies under one platform, including: SaaS model, Web 2.0, grid computing, and utility computing Variety of resources can be provided to users over the Internet Example: Editing Word document on an iPhone Same advantages and disadvantages as distributed computing Cloud Computing (cont’d.) Services typically require a fee Some are free Google Apps Includes Gmail, Google Talk, and Google Docs, Provides commonly used applications accessed via a Web browser Table 14-2 Cloud Computing Categories and the Top Players Categories Top Players Foundations (tools and software Vmware, Microsoft, Red Hat that make it possible to build cloud infrastructure) Infrastructure Amazon, IBM Network services (the Level 3 Computing Services , communication Amazon, Cisco, Citrix components that combine with cloud foundation and infrastructure to form cloud architecture) Platforms Amazon, IBM Applications Google, Salesforce.com, Oracle, DROPBOX Security EMC/RSA, Symantec, IBM Management IBM, Amazon Cloud Computing in Action Amazon.com Established a computing platform that companies can use, regardless of their location Provides storage and processing power on demand Companies pay only for the resources they use Google Apps Introduced in February 2007 Competing with Microsoft’s Office Suite Nanotechnology Incorporates techniques that involve the structure and composition of materials on a nanoscale Nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10-9) Current technology for making transistors and other components might reach their miniaturization limits in the next decade Some consumer goods incorporating nanotechnology are already on the market Nanomaterials Summary New trends: Software as a service Virtual reality RFID Networking Grid, utility, and cloud computing Nanotechnology